物理专业英语
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, 专业.专注 . 第一章
词汇:
注释：
divided by 除以 multiplied by 乘以 meter per square second
Vector: [‘vekt?] 矢量 A quantity has magnitude as well as direction.
Scalar: [‘skeil?] 标量 A quantity completely defined by its magnitude.
average speed / velocity / acceleration 平均速率/速度/加速度
steady velocity 匀速 balanced 平衡的 stationary 静止的 combined effect 合成效应 resultant force 合力 moments and balance 力矩和平衡
gravity / gravitational force 重力 centre of gravity 重心 gradient ［’ɡreidj?nt］ 梯度
arrow [‘?r?u] 箭头 horizontal [,h?ri’z?nt?l] 水平的 vertical [‘v?:tik?l] 垂直的
it is more convenient to do something ......更方便 + plus [pl?s] 正号 -
minus[‘main?s] 负号
increase/decrease + by 增加/减少了 increase/decrease + to 增加/减少到
The newton is defined in this way:
A 1 N resultant force gives a 1 kg mass an acceleration of 1 m s-2
perpendicular [,p?:p?n’dikjul?] 垂直的
符号:
+ plus 加号；正号 - minus 减号；负号
± plus or minus 正负号
× is multiplied by 乘号 ÷ is divided by 除号
＝ is equal to 等于号 ≡ is equivalent to 全等于号
≠ is not equal to 不等于号 ≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号
≌ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号
＜ is less than 小于号 ＞ is more than 大于号
≮ is not less than 不小于号 ≯ is not more than 不大于号
≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号
≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号
% per cent 百分之… ‰ per mill 千分之…
∞ infinity 无限大号 ∝ varies as 与…成比例
√ (square) root 平方根
∵ since; because 因为 ∴ hence 所以
∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例
∠ angle 角 ⊙ circle 圆
⌒ semicircle 半圆 ○ circumference 圆周
π pi 圆周率 △ triangle 三角形
⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于 ∥ horizontal to 平行于
∪ union of 并，合集 ∩ intersection of 交，通集
∫ the integral of …的积分
∑ (sigma) summation of 总和
° degree 度 ℃ Celsius system 摄氏度
′ minute 分 ″ second 秒 .word格式,
, 专业.专注 . I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea
shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a
smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the
great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.
我不过就象是一个在海滨玩耍的小孩，为不时发现比寻常更
为光滑的一块卵石或比寻常更为美丽的一片贝壳而沾沾自喜，
而对于展现在我面前的浩瀚的真理的海洋，却全然没有发现。
☆ If I can see a bit farther than some others, it is because I am
standing on the shoulders of giants.
如果说我比别人看得更远些,那是因为我站在了巨人的肩膀上.
resultant force 合力 component force 分力 uniform force 恒力
resistance 阻力inertia 惯性 [i’n?:??] impulse 冲量action 作用 reaction
反作用 momentum 动量 conservation of momentum 动量守恒stationary / moving object 静止 / 运动的物体 constant velocity 恒定速度
linked equation 相关方程initial velocity 初始速度 final velocity 末速度Newton’s first / second / third law 牛顿第一 / 二 / 三定律
阻力 推力 摩擦力
resistance thrust friction
弹力 重力
elastic force gravity / weight
斥力 拉力
repulsive force pulling / traction force
∝ 与…成比 varies as / be proportional to 与…成反比 be inversely
proportional to
Newton’s second law of motion can be summarized in a simple vector equation：
物体的加速度跟物体所受的合外力成正比，跟物体的质量成反比，加速度的方向跟合外力的方向相同。
A external force acting on an object produces an acceleration which is in the
direction of the force and has a magnitude inversely proportional to the mass of the
object.
Jet engine: 喷气发动机
Air is drawn in at the front by a large fan, and pushed out the back. Exhaust gases
are also ejected, at a higher speed.
一个大的鼓风机把空气从前面拉入，从后面推出。尾气高速喷出。
Propeller: 螺旋桨
This is driven by the shaft of a jet engine or piston engine. Its blades are angled
so that air is pushed backwards as it rotates.
shaft: 轴
This is the shaft of a steam engine. 这是一个蒸汽机主轴。
这是由喷气发动机或活塞式发动机的轴驱动的。当螺旋桨旋转时，它的叶片扭转，从而使空气从后面排出。
以弹簧为例，一个与弹簧相连、放在光滑轨道上的 .word格式,
, 专业.专注 . 木块的运动就是简谐运动。
Take the spring as an example. A block attached to a
spring on a frictionless track moves in simple harmonic
motion.
According to the law of conservation of energy:
Energy cannot be made or destroyed, but it can be
changed from one form to another.
◎ Whenever there is an energy change, work is done –
although this may not always be obvious. For example,
when a car’s brakes are applied, the car slows down and
the barkes heat up, so kinetic energy is being changed into
Elastic collision :
the total kinetic energy of the colliding objects remains
constant. In other words, no energy is converted into
