1 非限制性定语从句
一、与限制性定语从句的区别：
限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。
试比较：
①A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.
②I come from China, which has a long history of 3000 years.
二、as和which的区别
翻译下列句子，然后找出每句的先行词。
1. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises me.
2. The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
3. Tom is tall, as are his brothers.
4. As we all know, paper was first made in China.
归纳：as和which在非限制性定语从句中可代替整个主句。
as可用在固定搭配中
as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样
as has been said before如前所说
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been pointed out 正如已指出的
as we all known/ as is well known to us众所周知
as mentioned above如上所述
1. ___________ often happens, he is late again.
Step 1: 诊 （定语从句基础知识）
plane is a machine ___________can fly .
car ____________my uncle bought last week was stolen.
man_________is walking on the playground is my old friend.
woman _________ you saw in the park is our English teacher .
5. I saw a woman _______bag was stolen.
6. The reason ______he was late was that he got up late.
7. I still remember the day _______I first came to Beijing.
8. It is an important day ________ I will never forget.
9. The park ______ they paid a visit to is beautiful.
father, ________ works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
11. Shanghai, _______is in East China, is developing quickly.
mother, ______ you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they
are dangerous.
failed in the exam , _____ made his parents angry.
we had expected , he failed in the exam.
托福写作：主语从句和定语从句
一、主语从句：用that 或 wh-词引导的从句作为主句的主语名词。
1. whether 引导的主语从句
例：Whether the increase of fuel price can solve the world's environmental problem is
a controversial issue.
Whether universities should provides students with practical skills or academic
knowledge is a controversial issue.
2.先行词it开始的主语从句
例：It is obvious that we are living in an information age.
It is obvious that investing in education is investing in one's future.
3.what 引导的主语从句
例：What the government should do is to create policies to encourage low carbon
development.
What most companies and workforces need are not robots, but creative people
who can contribute ideas.
What the poor countries need most is not money, but advanced technologies and
talents in some key areas.
二、定语从句
1 who 引导，修饰“人”
例：Those who feel that sports stars' salaries are justified might argue that the number
2024届高考语法专项：定语从句与写作
定语从句是在高考写作中常用的高级表达。恰当使用定语从句，无疑会增添亮点，提高得分档次。
高考应用文 （13—15）（优秀）评分标准提到了“语法结构多样，词汇丰富，显示出很强的语言运用能力”。
高考读后续写2225分（优秀）评分标准提到了“使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构”
评分标准中都提到了使用多样恰当的语法结构，定语从句高考作文常用的语法结构之一。
一、定语从句与应用文写作
►关系代词who,
whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
(2023年6月新课标1卷应用文）This, however, may cause problems such as
language barriers, mismatched learning goals, and lack of motivation, which may
reduce the effectiveness of the program.
然而，这可能会导致语言障碍、不匹配的学习目标和缺乏动力等问题，这可能会降低课程的有效性。
(2022全国甲卷应用文）It was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans,
which play a crucial part in global ecosystem.
它的设立是为了提高人们保护海洋的意识，海洋在全球生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。
(2022全国甲卷应用文）First, try every means to fight
against global warming,
which has bee a great threat to sea creatures.
首先，尽一切努力对抗全球变暖，这已经成为海洋生物的巨大威胁。
