2018-2019年广州市质检二：广东省广州市2018届高三教学质量检测(二)语文试题

2018 届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）理科综合——化学相对原子质量：H 1；Li 7 ；B 11 ；C 12 ；N 14 ；O 16 ；P 31；Fe56 ；Ge 73第I 卷一、选择题:本题共13 小题，每小题6 分，共78 分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

7．（2018 广州二测）化学与生活密切相关。

下列对化学事实的解释错误的是选项事实解释A 粮食酿酒发生淀粉→葡萄糖→乙醇的化学变化过程B 汽车排气管上加装“催化转化器”使NO 和CO 转化为CO2和N2C 水中的钢闸门连接电源的负极利用牺牲阳极的阴极保护法对钢闸门进行防腐D 纯碱溶液清洗油污油脂在碱性条件下水解生成甘油和高级脂肪酸钠C8．（2018 广州二测）N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列说法正确的是A.25℃时，pH＝1 的CH3COOH 溶液中含有H＋的数目为0.1N AB.0.1mol H2(g)和0.2mol I2(g)于密闭容器中充分反应后，其分子总数为0.3N AC.0.1mol CH3OH 分子中含有C－H 键的数目为0.4N AD. 1.1g 的11B 中含有的中子数0.5N AB9.（2018 广州二测）下列关于化合物的说法正确的是A．Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的沸点依次升高B．Ⅰ、Ⅲ的一氯代物均只有四种C．Ⅱ、Ⅲ中碳原子可能都处于同一平面D．Ⅲ、Ⅳ都属于芳香族化合物，互为同系物A10．（2018 广州二测）实验室利用反应TiO2(s)+CCl4(g) TiCl4(g) +CO2(g)，在无水无氧下制取TiCl4，实验装置如图所示（CCl4、TiCl4的沸点分别为：76℃、136℃，CCl4 与TiCl4互溶）。

下列说法正确的是A．①、⑤中分别盛装碱石灰、NaOH 溶液B．②热水的作用是使CCl4气化，④冰水的作用是使TiCl4冷凝C．③反应结束，先停止通N2，再停止加热D．分离④的液态混合物，采用的操作是分液B11．（2018 广州二测）W、X、Y、Z 为核电荷数依次增大的前20 号主族元素，W 的原子中只有1 个电子，X 与Y 同族，Y 的一种单质在空气中易自燃，W 与Z 形成的二元化合物和水反应可生成W 的单质。

高三下学期教学质量检测（二）英语试题本试卷共9页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AThe Five Best Countries TO Move To For RetirementRetiring in a different country is gaming popularity. Below are five of the best countries to seek retirementCosta RicaMild climate, breathtaking landscapes and beaches draw retirees(退休人员）to Costa Rica. The country readily welcomes immigrants and offers a simple residency process. With a monthly income of at least $ 1,000 per month from Social Security or a similar source, people enjoy a high standard of living at a much lower cost than the U. S.MalaysiaRetirees who choose to make Malaysia home will appreciate its rich culture and attractive scenery. Moreover, the country offers modern facilities at modest prices. Immigrants enjoy convenience and comfort in their daily life. You will find low-cost rental units, delicious street food, and various shopping malls.MexicoBecause it’s close to the U.S., Mexico draws more than a million American retirees to its borders. Increasing immigrant communities enjoy seaside living and conversations with friendly. English speaking locals. Plus, legal residents over the age of 60 receive airline, grocery, and restaurant discounts.PanamaGentle ocean wind takes the heat out of hot year-round temperatures, which has been the chief attraction to foreign retirees. Beautiful beaches and a booming economy also attract retirees to Panama. Anincome of $2,000 per month covers modest living costs. Furthermore, the country offers discounts to retirees with a special visa.EcuadorLazy coastal towns, sun-shining hot spots, and nature-filled views wait for immigrants seeking a carefree lifestyle. Public transportation costs in Ecuador make owning a vehicle unnecessary. A bus ride only costs 25 cents and taxi rides will run about $3.21. What do Costa Rica and Malaysia have in common?A. Convenient shopping.B. Relatively low living cost.C. Various cultural activities.D. Simple immigration procedures.22. Which country’s location specially attracts retirees from the U.S.?A. Malaysia’s.B. Mexico’s.C. Panama’s.D. Ecuador’s.23. What is the main reason for retirees to choose Panama’?A. Beautiful beaches.B. A booming economy.C. A pleasant climate.D. Discounts for retirees.BThe Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam has welcomed home two paintings by the Dutch master, more than 14 years after they were ripped (抢) off the museum’s wall in a nighttime theft. Museum director Axel Rueger called their return “one of the most special days in the history of the museum.”The paintings were discovered last year by Italian police while they were searching suspected Italian criminals’ farmhouse near Naples for evidence of drug dealing. The two paintings were wrapped in cotton sheets. They were stuffed in a box and hidden behind a wall in a toilet when they were found.The paintings were considered among the artworks most searched for in the world. After years in darkness, they can now shine again. They are back on display at the museum before being taken to the conservation studio for repair. Fortunately, they suffered remarkably little damage as thieves who had climbed up a ladder and broken a window to get into the museum in 2004 rip them out of their frames.“It is not only a surprise that the works have been recovered but it’s even more surprising they are inrelatively unharm ed condition,” Rueg er said.The museum director was on vacation when the call came last year from Italian authorities who believed they had recovered the paintings. He didn’t celebrate right away. He’d had calls li this before.“I was hopeful but also a little hesitant. Over these years, we had so many occasions when people phoned us, contacted us, claiming that they knew something about the whereabouts (下落) of the works and each time it was false, the trace went cold,” he said. “So...the way has been till of disappointment.” But museum experts sent to Italy to check the authenticity(真实性) of the works quickly turned Rueger’s doubts into delight.Rueger said the paintings are now back permanently at the museum, which is home to dozens of works by Van Gogh. “I’m very confident t hat everything is safe in the museum from now on,” he said.24. How were the stolen paintings found?A. The police found them by accident.B. The arrested thieves gave information.C. Some drug dealers offered clues.D. The police knew the hidden place.25. What surprised Rueger most about the lost paintings?A. They were stolen at night.B. They were found at last.C. They suffered little damage.D. The search took 14 years.26. When Rueger got the call from Italian authorities, he .A. did n’t believe themB. felt quite relievedC. planned to celebrateD. doubted the news27. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A. Reuger gradually lost interest in the search.B. The number of false calls was greatly reduced.C. Rueger felt cold because of too many false calls.D. The chance to find the paintings became slim.CImagine that you’re the creator and show runner of the newest comedy show on television. Only it isn’tso popular yet, and your live Studio audience isn’t giving you the big laughs the show deserves. Do you film the show all over again, hoping that this time the audience will laugh? Or is there another option for making a joke sound funnier than it was received?Sweeten(改善) the sound by adding a laugh track! “Sweetening,” or the addition of sound effects such as laughs, screams, and other audience-produced noises to the audio track of a TV show, has been used since the 1940s to produce the appearance, or rather the sound, of an engaged and entertained response to a show’s comedy. Laugh tracks came into existence as not only a solution, and sometimes replacement, for an unengaged live audience but also as a way to engage an at-home audience into a more-traditional, public, and theaterlike experience. Adding a laugh track to a television show makes the viewers at home feel much less like they’re sitting on a couch staring at the television screen and much more like they’re in a room full of laughing happy people to varying degrees of success.Though the art of sweetening has risen and fallen in popularity over the past 60 years, credit for its creation and continued use is owed to laugh-track pioneer and sound engineer Charles Douglass. Douglass was the first to develop, in 1953, a machine for produ cing “canned laughter”, a ccessible at the push of a button or pull of a lever (操纵杆). Despite being artificial, sensibly edited laugh tracks are found by television studios to bring about a positive audience response, as their use is usually accompanied by higher ratings and increased audience memory. Though some television audiences may disagree with the value of the laugh track, the cheerful and repetitive sound holds a permanent place in the history and future of television comedy.28. The author uses the first paragraph to .A. introduce the topic “sweetening”B. seek solutions for the problemC. point out a way of making comediesD. arouse readers’ interest in comedies29. What effect does a laugh track produce?A. The creation of a show.B. Funnier sound in a show,C. More engaged live audienceD. Communication among TV viewers.30. What’s the author’s attitude towards the use of the laugh track?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Neutral (中立的).D. Uncertain,31. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The reason for using laugh tracks.B. The brief history of laugh tracks.C. The development of TV comedies.D. The way to improve television shows.DAcademic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.Once a program called Fast Track was started in the early 1990s for more than 7,600 children of 55 schools in America. They were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems. The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through 10th grade, reduced delinquency(少年犯罪), arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood.In another latest study, by looking at the data from nearly 900 students in previous findings, researchers found that about a third of the influence on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught as part of Fast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional(情绪的) intelligence. Soft skills might include teaching kids to work cooperatively in a group or teaching them how to think about the long-term consequences when they make a decision.Researchers drew the conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in oureducation system and in our system of socializing children. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children as should education policymakers. To the extent we can improve those skills, we can improve outcomes in delinquency.32. Fast Track was intended for children who .A. were randomly chosen from their schoolsB. had some problems with academic learningC. often went against their teachers and parents’ wishesD. were considered to have criminal trouble in the future33. What can be learned about "the intervention" in Paragraph 2?A. It included all the students.B. It focused on social skills.C. It improved health services.D. It had positive outcomes.34. Compared with soft skills, hard skills .A. almost have no influence on studentsB. are more affected by students’ emotionC. are mainly related to academic learningD, offer children greater self-control abilities35. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Soft Social Skills MatterB. Fast Track Helps ChildrenC. How to Prevent DelinquencyD. What to DO for Education第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

秘密★启用前试卷类型：A 2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）语文2018.4 本试卷10页，22小题，满分150分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。

2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

审美是人的一种特定的生存方式与生活方式，人的审美具有共通性也具有民族的相异性。

西方人称“美是理念的感性显现”，而中国人则称“生生为美”。

“生生美学”产生于丰厚的中国传统文化土壤之中，具有明显的区别于西方美学的中国气派与中国风格。

“天人合一”的文化传统是“生生美学”的文化背景。

“天人合一”是中国古代具有根本性的文化传统，是中国人观察问题的特有立场和视角，影响甚至决定了中国古代各种文化艺术形态的产生发展与基本面貌，构成“生生美学”之文化背景。

“天人合一”体现了中国传统文化对于天人关系的理解，也体现了中国传统美学对一种宏阔的东方式“中和之美”的诉求，相异于西方古代希腊对微观的物质的“和谐之美”的诉求。

阴阳相生的古典生命美学是“生生美学”的基本内涵。

“天人合一”构成了人与自然的生命共同体，“天人合一”之“一”就是“生”，即生命。

“生”有一个中间环节是“气”，阴阳之气为生命化生之本，二气交感诞育万物，成为宇宙人生的根本规律。

《周易》言“一阴一阳之谓道”，阴阳之道成为万事万物社会人生包括艺术创作的基本规律。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省语文模拟试卷（二）注意事项：1．答题前，考生须认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号，并将其贴在指定位置，然后用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔将自己所在的县（市、区）、学校以及自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡和试卷的指定位置，并用2B铅笔在答题卡的“考生号”处填涂考生号。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

草原文化精神从根本上说是一种动态的、积极的、以个体奋斗为主要内容的进取性文化。

北方草原具有独特性，它既有深远悠长的民族牧歌情调式的生活方式，又有严酷杀伐的沧桑、厚重的历史，从而导致了草原民族对于人与自然关系方面的特殊认识。

一方面，人与自然的关系极为直接、密切，人对自然的依赖性突出，因而对自然的亲近之感、迫近之念、忧虑之情更为突出、深挚；它不似江南山水对人的细膩轻抚，更不像士子优游于小桥流水，流溢着别致而精微的艺术感触，而是将民族生存与自然环境直接联系起来，把对草原的关切与民族的整体性发展联结起来，发出了“草原不在、民族何存”的呐喊，汉代流传的《匈奴歌》就是其中代表。

另一方面，人与自然架构起初步的生态美学桥梁。

蒙古民族第一部史传文学《蒙古秘史》当中就显现着极为浓郁的生态观念。

由于生存环境的严酷、险恶、千变万化，草原民族“逐水草而居”的动态生存观念异常鲜明。

草原民族生存的“动态”和“变化”的特点使人的适应能力和冲破自然环境束缚的能力分外突出。

草原民族强调人在强大的自然环境和社会面前的力量、智慧、意志力，从而形成一种对英雄的崇拜的观念。

《史记·匈奴列传》中的冒顿单于和《蒙古秘史》中的札木合就是鲜活的例证，只不过后者还显现着强烈的崇信重义之美。

2018年市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）物理试题和答案2018.04.24二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．a、b两离子从平行板电容器两板间P处垂直电场入射，运动轨迹如图。

若a、b的偏转时间相同，则a、b一定相同的物理量是A．荷质比 B．入射速度C．入射动能 D．入射动量15．如图，轻绳的一端系在固定光滑斜面上的O点，另一端系一小球。

给小球一个初速度使它在斜面上做完整的圆周运动，a、b分别为最低点和最高点，则小球A．重力的瞬时功率始终为零B．所受的向心力大小不变C．在b点的速度不可能为零D．在a点所受轻绳拉力一定大于小球重力16．小球在光滑水平面上以速度v0做匀速直线运动。

某时刻开始小球受到水平恒力F的作用，速度先减小后增大，最小速度v的大小为0.5v0，则小球A．可能做圆周运动 B．速度变化越来越快C．初速度v0与F的夹角为60° D．速度最小时，v与F垂直17．如图，同一平面有两根互相平行的长直导线M和N，通有等大反向的电流，该平面的a、b两点关于导线N对称，且a点与两导线的距离相等。

若a点的磁感应强度大小为B，则下列关于b 点磁感应强度B b 的判断正确的是A ．B B 2b >，方向垂直该平面向里 B ．B B 21b <，方向垂直该平面向外 C ．B B B <<b 21，方向垂直该平面向里D ．B B B 2b <<，方向垂直该平面向外 18．氢原子第n 能级的能量为21nE E n =（n ＝1，2，3，……），其中E 1是基态能量。

若氢原子从第k 能级跃迁到第p 能级，辐射的能量为1536E -，第p 能级比基态能量高134E -，则A ．k =3，p =2B ．k =4，p =3C ．k =5，p =3D ．k =6，p =219．如图a ，用力传感器研究橡皮绳中拉力随时间的变化。

2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）英 语第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ARoger Williams Par oooo Manners The oo is a smoe free area No balloons, balls, bies, or roller sates allowed. Pets are not allowed- ecepting guide dogs for blind Stay on the pathways and do not place children on railing. Do not throw anything into the animal ehibits. Please help our conservation efforts by depositing trash and recyclables properly. Lost Persons If separated from your group as any oo employee or security guard for immediate assistance, or go directly to the Administration Building reception des Facilities and Services Enjoy a delicious meal at one of our two animal-themed café restaurants. Our Visitor Centre offers cards, boos and toys so you can alwaysremember you day at the oo. There isalso an hourly animal presentationnear the Main Entrance where youcan learn more about the animals, petthem and even tae a picture withthem oo Ehibit GameEach animal ehibit will havenformation about the animal locatedthere. You will get to learn abouteach animal's habitat, theirconservation status and some otherquic facts. As you eplore the oochec off all the endangered animalsyou discover from the list below.Find them all and win a free T-shirto Mountain Gorillao Chinese Alligatoro Snow Leopardo white-winged Wood Duco Red Pandao Giant Turtleo oalao Tree angarooo Red wolfo Tiger Snaeo African Wild Dog o Giant Anteater Visitor Guide and Map 1000 Elmwood Avenue 21. How can a person get a free t-shirt at the oo?A Follow all the oo rulesB. Visit all the oo's ehibitsC. Bring along another guestD Identify all the animals in danger.22. Where should a lost person go for help?A. Main EntranceB. Visitor CentreC. Administration Building.D Nursing Centre.23. Which of the following is allowed at the oo?A Riding your bieB Taing your cameraC. Feeding the animalsD Smoing cigarettesBI saw it first, Amy said, as she ripped the old leather wallet out of Charlies hands. Without saying a word, as if they both understood that this was a secret they didn’t want to share with anyone, they slipped into the alley, where no one could see them loo inside "There's got to be a million dollars here! "Charlie blurted out, when they saw the pile of hundred- dollar bills. Amy, the more realistic of the two, did a quic estimate, thumbing through the wad of cash. "More lie thousands” she said, her voice shaing in disbelief.They'd found the wallet in a flowerbed by the sidewal, when Charlie dropped his cell phone while he was trying to tal and eat a slice of pepperoni pia at the same time. Amy stuffed the wallet into her bacpac and pulled Charlie along by his elbow toward her house. As they rushed toward Viceroy Avenue, they taled ecitedly about what they could do with themoney-buy gifts for parents and friends, get new clothes, travel to the rainforest in Costa Rica, and adopt a whale. It looed lie all of their dreams would come true. For the last bloc, however, they didn’t tal. Each began to suspect that the other one was silently adding to the list of things they could buy.They finally reached Amy s house, but instead of going inside, they waled around the house to the bac porch. They opened the wallet and counted the money into piles of ten. The total wasS2400- more money than either of them had ever seen. Then they both started taling at once. "I wonder who lost it "Their moods shifted, sining from the high of being rich for fifteen minutes to resigning themselves to what they must do net. For in the wallet's clear plastic compartment, there was a driver's license. They new what they had to do. Although they would lose their newly-found treasure, in a way, they felt relieved.24. Where did Amy and Charlie find the wallet?A. In an alley B In a bacpacC. Among some flowers D On the sidewal25. In paragraph 2, why was Amy’s voice shaing?A. She was afraid that they would be seen by othersB. She was disappointed there wasn't a million dollarsC. She was fearful that Charlie would tell someone elseD. She felt nervous because she'd never seen so much money26. On their way to Amy’s house, the children's mood changed fromA ecited to suspiciousB. happy to angryC relieved to worriedD. nervous to disappointed27. What did the children decide to do at the end of the story?A. To eep the money a secret from othersB. To return the wallet to its rightful ownerC. To put the wallet bac where they found it.D. To buy many different things with the money.CAn article published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature sheds new light on an important, but up-to-now little appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that being able to run was the necessary condition for the development of our species which enabled us to come down from the trees. This challenges traditional scientific thining, which claims that the distinctive,upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to wal, and that running is simply a by-product of waling. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or deer. However, this is only true if we consider running at high speed, especially over short distances. But when it comes tolong-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can eep a steady pace for many ilometres, and their overall speed is at least the same as that of horses or dogs Bramble and Lieberman eamined 26 physical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament(项韧带). When we run, this ligament prevents our head from moving bac and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, such as apes and moneys. Then there are our Achilles tendons (跟腱) at the bacs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones — and which have nothing to do with waling. When we run, these tendons behave lie springs, helping to push us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders virtually disconnected from our sulls(颅骨), a physical development which allows us to run more efficiently.But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? Perhaps it permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. "What these features and facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other meat-eating animals for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today," says Lieberman. Some scientists put forward the theory that early humans chased animals for great distances in order to ehaust them before illing them."Research on the history of humans' ability to move has traditionally been controversial, " says Lieberman. "At the very least, I believe this theory will motivate many researchers to reevaluate and further investigate how humans learned to run and wal and why we are built the way we are. "28. In paragraph 1, what do the two professors suggest about humans' ability to run?A. It is an evolutionary by-product of waling.B. It helps to form people's ability to climb trees.C. It has played an important role in human evolution.D. It has not been adequately studied by scientists before.29. What is true about the physical characteristics eamined by the professors?A. Achilles tendons assist people to wal long distances.B. The human sull helps people to run more efficiently.C. people's shoulders allow them to loo from side to side.D. The nuchal ligament enables people to hold their head steady.30. According to paragraph 3, scientists believe that early humans_________.A. always came across dangerous situations in lifeB. ran after animals for long distances when huntingC often failed to find food because they couldn't run fastD developed their hunting sills by running long distances31. Professor Lieberman thins the new theory will _________.A completely eplain how running developedB revolutionie the theory of human evolutionC. encourage more in-depth studies on the topicD. be widely supported within the scientific communityDScientists have solved the mystery of why theoverwhelming majority of mammoth fossils(化石)are male.Much lie wild elephants today, young male Ice Agemammoths probably travelled around alone and more oftengot themselves into risy situations where they were sweptinto rivers, or fell through ice or into mud, laes or sinholesthat preserved their bones for thousands of years, scientists say.Females, on the other hand, travelled in groups led by an older matriarch who new the landscape and directed her group away from danger."Without the benefit of living in a herd led by an eperienced female, male mammoths had a much higher ris of dying in natural traps such as mud holes, roc cracs and laes, "said co-author Love Dalen of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in a report published on Thursday in the journal Current Biology.The study used genetic data to determine the se of 98 woolly mammoth fossils in Siberia Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced se ratio, assuming that the sees were fairly even at birth"We were very surprised because there was no reason to epect a se bias in the fossil record," said first author Patricia Pecnerova, also of the Swedish Museum of Natural History.Therefore, researchers believe that something about the way they lived influenced the way they died.Most bones, tuss, and teeth from mammoths and other Ice Age animals haven't survived," eplained Dalen"It is highly liely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering."These giant, tused plant eaters disappeared about 4,000 years ago. While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most believe that climate change, ecessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors.32. The underlined word "matriarch" in paragraph 3 means _______.A. figure headB. female leaderC eperienced animal D. mature mammoth33. Why do the majority of mammoth fossils come from male animals?A. Scientists find it easier to study male fossilised bones.B. There were more male mammoths in comparison to femalesC Male mammoths were better able to adapt to the changing circumstances.D. Male mammoths more frequently died in places where fossils could form.34. Which of the following is suggested as a reason for mammoths dying out?A. The increasing competition for food.B. The cooling of the earth's temperature.C. The disappearance of male mammoths.D The risy behaviour of younger mammoths.35. What is the tet type of the passage?A. A newspaper article.B. An academic essay.C. A historical description.D. A science fiction story.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

广东省广州市达标名校2018年高考二月质量检测物理试题一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．2019年1月3日，嫦娥四号成功登陆月球背面，全人类首次实现月球背面软着陆。

嫦娥四号登陆月球前，在环月轨道上做匀速圆周运动，其与月球中心连线在单位时间内扫过的面积为S，已知月球的质量为M，引力常量为G，不考虑月球的自转，则环月轨道的半径大小为( )A．24SGMB．23SGMC．22SGMD．2SGM2．如图所示，质量为m的滑块从斜面底端以平行于斜面的初速度v0冲上固定斜面，沿斜面上升的最大高度为h.已知斜面倾角为α，斜面与滑块间的动摩擦因数为μ，且μ<tan α，最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力，取斜面底端为零势能面，则能表示滑块在斜面上运动的机械能E、动能E k、势能E p与上升高度h之间关系的图象是()A．B．C．D．3．中微子失踪之谜是一直困扰着科学家的问题，原来中微子在离开太阳向地球运动的过程中，发生“中微子振荡”转化为一个μ子和一个τ子。

科学家通过对中微子观察和理论分析，终于弄清了中微子失踪之谜，成为“2001年世界十大科技突破”之一。

若中微子在运动中只转化为一个μ子和一个τ子，并已知μ子的运动方向与中微子原来的方向一致，则τ子的运动方向（）A．一定与中微子方向一致B．一定与中微子方向相反C．可能与中微子方向不在同一直线上D．只能与中微子方向在同一直线上4．有一个变压器，当输入电压为220 V 时输出电压为12 V ，某同学在实验过程中发现此变压器副线圈烧坏了，于是他从变压器上拆掉烧坏的副线圈，用绝缘导线在铁芯上新绕了5匝线圈作为副线圈（如图所示），然后将原线圈接到110 V 交流电源上，将交流电流表与的固定电阻串联后接在新绕的5匝线圈两端，这时电流表的示数为5 mA 。

该同学按理想变压器分析，求出了该变压器副线圈的匝数。

你认为该变压器原来的副线圈匝数应为（ ）A ．2200B ．1100C ．60D ．305．在如图所示装置中，轻杆一端固定着一个质量可以忽略不计的定滑轮，两物体质量分别为m 1、m 2，轻绳一端固定于a 点，悬点a 、b 间的距离远大于滑轮的直径，动滑轮质量和一切摩擦不计。

开始 输入x1x >输出y结束22log y x=-是否2x y =2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）数 学（理科)一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1、若112z =+i ， 21z =-i ，则12z z =（ )A ．6B ．10C ．6D ．22、已知集合{}2,M x x x =∈Z ≤,{}2230N x x x =--<,则MN =（ ）A ．(]1,2-B ．[]1,2-C ．{}0,2D ．{}0,1,23、执行如图的程序框图， 若输出32y =， 则输入x 的值为（ ）A ．2log 31-或2B ．21log 3-或2C ．21log 3-D ．24、若双曲线2222:1x y C a b-=()0,0a b >>的渐近线与圆()2221x y -+=相切，则C 的渐近线方程为（ ）A ．13y x =±B ．33y x =±C ．3y x =±D ．3y x =±5、根据下图给出的2000年至2016年我国实际利用外资情况,以下结论正确的是（ ）A ．2000年以来我国实际利用外资规模与年份负相关B ．2010年以来我国实际利用外资规模逐年增加C ．2008年我国实际利用外资同比增速最大D ．2010年我国实际利用外资同比增速最大6、若αβ,为锐角，且π2πcos sin 63αβ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=+ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,则（ ） A ．3π=+βα B ．6π=+βα C ．3π=-βα D ．6π=-βα7、已知椭圆()2222:10x y C a b a b+=>>的左焦点为F ,直线3y x =与C 相交于,A B 两点，且AF BF ⊥,则C 的离心率为( ）A ．212- B ．21- C ．312- D ．31-8、某几何体由长方体和半圆柱体组合而成，如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗线画出的是该几何体的三视图,则该几何体的表面 积是（ ）A ．18+πB ．182+πC ．16+πD ．162+π9、已知x =6π是函数()()sin 2f x x ϕ=+的图象的一条对称轴，且()ππ2f f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭＜， 则()f x 的单调递增区间是（ )A ．π2ππ,π()63k k k ⎡⎤++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ZB ．πππ,π()36k k k ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ZC ．ππ,π()2k k k ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ZD ．ππ,π()2k k k ⎡⎤-∈⎢⎥⎣⎦Z10、已知函数()f x =e 2x x +-的零点为a ,函数()ln 2g x x x =+-的零点为b ，则下列不等式中成立的是（ ） A ．e ln 2a b +>B ．e ln 2a b +<C ．223a b +<D ．1ab >11、体积为3的三棱锥P ABC -的顶点都在球O 的球面上，PA ⊥平面ABC , 2=PA ，120ABC ︒∠=，则球O 的体积的最小值为（ ） A ．773π B ．2873π C ．19193π D ．76193π 12、已知直线l 与曲线32113y x x x =-++有三个不同交点()()1122,,,,A x y B x y ()33,C x y ,且AB AC =,则()31=+∑i i i x y =（ ）A ．4B ．5C ．6D ．7二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．13、已知向量a 与b 的夹角为4π，2,2==a b ，()⊥+λa a b ，则实数λ= ．14、古希腊著名的毕达哥拉斯学派把1,3,6,10,…这样的数称为“三角形数"，而把1,4,9,16,… 这样的数称为“正方形数”．如图，可以发现任何一个大于1的“正方形数"都可以看作两个相邻“三角形数"之和，下列等式：①361521=+；②491831=+；③642836=+； ④813645=+中符合这一规律的等式是 ．(填写所有正确结论的编号）……15、622x y x ⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中，33x y 的系数是 ．（用数字作答）16、已知等边三角形ABC 的边长为4,其外接圆圆心为点O ，点P 在△ABC 内，且1OP =，BAP θ∠=，当△APB 与△APC 的面积之比最小时,sin θ的值为 ．三、解答题:共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤．第17~21题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须做答．第22、23题为选考题，考生根据要求做答．（一)必考题：共60分．17、(本小题满分12分)已知各项均为正数的数列{}n a 满足221132n n n n a a a a ++=+，且()24333a a a +=+,其中n ∈N *．(1）证明数列{}n a 是等比数列，并求其通项公式； （2）令n n b na =， 求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n S 。

广东省广州市2018届高三教学质量检测（二）语文试题一、现代文阅读论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

文字是文明发展的载体，记录了一个国家和民族的历史发展进程与经验教训。

古人说，欲灭其国者，必先灭其史。

同样，如果一个国家和民族的文字消亡了，其文明发展的根基也就动摇了。

汉字是中华优秀传统文化能够代代相传并不断繁荣发展的根基。

传承中华优秀传统文化、建设社会主义文化强国，应将汉字教育作为凝神聚力、铸魂固本的战略工程。

清末民初以来，在日本“脱亚入欧”的影响下，中国一些知识分子对中华文化的根基——汉字产生了怀疑。

“汉字落后”论者认为“汉字不灭，中国必亡”，声称汉字的出路在于“拉丁化”；“汉字难学”论者主张汉字“拼音化”与“简化”；“儿童识字有害”论者主张放弃汉字教育。

这些论调在近几十年仍有一定市场，比如20世纪80年代，有人就认为“计算机是汉字的掘墓人”。

当前，汉字教育在实践中遇到的问题主要来自两个方面。

一是面临外语教育的挑战。

现在，英语是学生的必修课，学习英语在一些人看来可以改变命运。

受这种价值观影响，在汉语与英语之间，一些人更重视学习英语，这直接冲击与削弱了汉字教育。

二是面临信息化的挑战。

随着信息化的迅猛发展，人们通过敲击键盘输入汉字的场合越来越多、越来越便捷；在古人眼中曼妙婀娜、形神兼备的汉字，现在变成了电脑键盘、手机屏幕上字母组合的产物。

在日常工作生活中，书写汉字的机会在变少，提笔忘字的时候在增多。

从这些角度来说，汉字面临危机绝不是危言耸听。

汉字是一种象形文字，具有“形、音、义”三要素。

汉字不单单表达概念、内涵、外延等，还给人带来图形、联想、感觉等。

与拼音文字相比较，汉字具有鲜明特色和独特魅力。

学习与理解汉字，应遵循汉字自身的规律和特点。

拼音文字是由字母组成的文字，其教学是用拼音的方法。

我国汉字教学引进了这种方法，并将其作为汉字教学的主要方法。

这种用拼音文字的教学方法来进行汉字教育的理念与实践有哪些优点和缺点，值得我们深思。