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商务英语信函特点
商务英语信函是一种在商业环境中使用的正式书面语言，它具有一些显著的特点。
这些特点主要表现在以下几个方面：
1. 准确性：商务英语信函必须准确、具体，避免使用含糊不清的语言。
准确的语言有助于避免误解和混淆，使收信人对信函的内容有清晰的认识。
2. 清晰性：商务英语信函需要条理清晰、逻辑严密。
在撰写信函时，应该尽可能地使信函简洁明了，避免使用复杂的句子结构和冗长的段落。
同时，在表达观点时，应该明确、直接，避免模棱两可或含糊其辞。
3. 正式性：商务英语信函通常是在商业交易或商业关系中使用的，因此需要使用正式、专业的语言。
在撰写信函时，应该避免使用口语化、俚语或缩写等非正式的语言。
同时，信函的格式和布局也应该符合商业礼仪和规范。
4. 具体性：商务英语信函通常需要具体说明交易的细节和条款，例如商品名称、数量、价格、交货时间等。
这些具体的信息有助于避免误解和混淆，同时也有助于保障交易的顺利进行。
5. 礼貌性：在商务英语信函中，礼貌的语言是必不可少的。
礼貌的语言可以使收信人感到受到尊重和关注，有助于建立和维护商业关系。
在表达不同意见或要求时，应该尽可能地使用委婉、客气的措辞，避免伤害对方的感情或引起不必要的冲突。
总之，商务英语信函是一种准确、清晰、正式、具体和礼貌的语言，它有助于保障商业交易的顺利进行和维护商业关系。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究1. 正式性：商务英语信函的语言要求正式、规范，体现出商务活动的认真和严肃。
信函开头通常会用到一些礼貌用语和称谓，例如“Dear Sir/Madam”或者“To whom it may concern”。
2. 清晰明了：商务英语信函的语言要求简洁明了，表达清晰，避免使用模棱两可或者难以理解的词语和表达方式。
需要用简单明了的词汇和句子结构来传达信息。
3. 专业性：商务英语信函涉及商务活动，因此需要使用与商务相关的专业词汇和术语，确保信息的准确性和专业性。
商务英语信函还需要使用正确的商务礼仪，例如感谢和道歉的表达方式。
4. 一致性：商务英语信函的语言要求一致性，即在同一封信函中使用相同的语气、语调和表达方式。
这有助于提高信息的连贯性和可读性。
翻译研究是商务英语信函的重要组成部分之一。
商务英语信函的翻译需要考虑翻译的准确性和专业性，同时还需要考虑到文化差异和商务礼节的特点。
在进行商务英语信函的翻译时，翻译人员需要遵循以下几个原则：1. 信函的准确性：翻译人员需要确保翻译的准确性，将原文中的信息完整地传达给读者。
在进行翻译时，需要注重语义和语境的理解，避免产生歧义或者误导。
2. 专业性：商务英语信函涉及到专业术语和行业特殊性，因此翻译人员需要熟悉相关的背景知识和专业术语，以确保翻译的专业性和准确性。
3. 文化差异：不同的国家和地区在商务礼节和表达方式上可能存在差异，翻译人员需要了解不同文化背景下的商务礼仪和表达方式，以避免文化冲突和误解。
4. 语言风格：商务英语信函的翻译需要根据读者的语言习惯和文化背景选择合适的词汇、句子结构和表达方式，以确保翻译的流畅和可读性。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究商务英语信函是国际商务往来中的重要文书，具有明确的目的和文体语言特点。
本文就商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译进行研究，旨在帮助翻译人员更好地理解和翻译商务英语信函。
一、语言特点1.正式性商务英语信函的风格正式，需要使用规范的语言和格式来表达要点。
语言要简明扼要，语气要得体，不可冒犯或冷冰冰的。
在信件的开头和结尾，还需使用恰当的礼貌语。
2.清晰性商务英语信函要求表述清晰明了，不得含糊不清或含混不清。
对于一些专业词汇，也需要在信函中加以注释，以便对方的理解。
3.精确性商务英语信函中需要使用准确无误的词汇和语法结构，不可出现拼写错误、语法错误或者表述不当的情况。
这一点非常重要，因为商务信函的细节决定着商务往来的成败。
4.礼貌性在商务英语信函中，必须表现出礼貌和尊重。
要注意使用恰当的称呼和礼仪用语，避免使用不当的语言或内容，如侮辱、侵犯隐私等。
5.机密性商务英语信函中的内容可能涉及到一些商业机密或者敏感信息，需要保持机密性。
因此，在信函中可能会使用一些措辞或者技巧来保护信息的安全性，同时也要遵守相关法律法规。
二、翻译研究1.翻译技巧商务英语信函翻译需要具备一定的英语基础和商务背景知识。
在翻译时，应该准确理解原文的意思，并找到与之相对应的中文翻译。
此外，还应该注意掌握一些翻译技巧，如以下几点。
（1）准确翻译专业词汇，如商业术语和法律术语等。
（2）根据信函的目的和行文的语气选择适当的翻译方式，表现原文的特点和风格。
（3）遵守文化差异和公司规定，对一些敏感话题进行措辞上的调整。
（4）注意翻译的逻辑和连贯性，使译文与原文相符合。
2.翻译难点商务英语信函翻译存在一些难点，主要包括语境、词汇和结构等方面的问题。
（1）语境在翻译过程中，需要准确把握原文的上下文，避免出现翻译不当、偏离主题或漏译等情况，应注意将原文的语境还原到译文中。
（2）词汇商务英语信函中有很多专业词汇，如商业术语和专业词汇等。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究商务英语信函是商务交流中常见的一种书信形式，其语言特点和翻译研究对于商务交流和国际贸易具有重要意义。
本文将探讨商务英语信函的语言特点以及翻译研究，希望能够对相关领域的研究和实践提供一些参考和启发。
一、商务英语信函的语言特点1. 专业性强商务英语信函的语言具有很强的专业性，涉及到贸易、合同、市场营销、商业合作等方面的内容。
商务英语信函需要使用准确、规范的词汇和表达方式，以确保信息的准确传达和商务关系的顺利发展。
2. 正式性和礼貌性商务英语信函作为商业交流的一种重要形式，通常具有一定的正式性和礼貌性。
在信函中，需要使用得体的称呼和礼貌用语，如"Dear Mr./Ms."、"Yours sincerely"等，以展现出商务交流中的尊重和礼貌。
3. 清晰简洁商务英语信函的语言需要保持清晰简洁，以便接收方能够准确理解信函的内容。
在信函中，应尽量避免冗长的句子和复杂的语法结构，使用简单明了的语言表达要点，让接收方能够快速抓住重点信息。
4. 信息量大商务英语信函通常需要包含大量的具体信息，如合作意向、产品介绍、商务合同条款等。
商务英语信函的语言需要能够准确、完整地表达出这些信息，以满足商务交流中的实际需求。
1. 语言翻译商务英语信函的翻译研究需要重点关注语言翻译的准确性和流畅性。
翻译者需要在尽量保持原文意思的基础上，根据目标语言的习惯和规范，选择合适的词汇和表达方式，以确保翻译的准确性和可读性。
2. 文化差异在商务英语信函的翻译过程中，需要充分考虑不同国家和地区的文化差异，避免因文化差异而产生的误解和不适当的表达。
翻译者需要了解相关国家和地区的文化特点和习惯，以确保翻译的文化适应性和交流效果。
3. 商务用语商务英语信函中常涉及到大量的商务用语，这些用语在翻译过程中需要得到恰当的处理。
翻译者需要了解这些商务用语的含义和用法，选择合适的翻译方式，以确保翻译的专业性和准确性。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究商务英语信函在国际商务交流中扮演着重要的角色，它是商务交流的一种重要形式，具有自己独特的语言特点。
商务英语信函的语言特点主要体现在用词、句式和格式等方面。
本文将从这些方面对商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译进行研究。
一、商务英语信函的语言特点1. 用词准确简洁商务英语信函要求表达准确，用词简洁，避免冗长的句子和复杂的词汇。
用词要精准，避免歧义，确保信息的准确传达。
在商务英语信函中，一般使用简单明了的词汇和短句，以便让读者更快速地理解信函的内容。
2. 句式简练规范商务英语信函的句式一般比较简练，避免使用复杂的句式结构和长句。
句子结构要规范，语法要正确，以确保表达的清晰和流畅。
商务英语信函通常使用被动语态和间接语气，以显得更客观和礼貌。
商务英语信函的格式通常包括抬头、日期、称呼、正文、结束语和署名等部分。
除了这些固定的格式外，商务英语信函在用语和表达方式上也有一定的规范，如在称呼和结束语上要使用恰当的礼貌用语，给人一种正式和尊重的感觉。
商务英语信函翻译是商务翻译中的一项重要工作，它要求译者在准确传达信息的前提下，还要符合商务信函的语言特点和规范，确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
1. 准确传达信息商务英语信函的翻译首先要求译者能够准确传达原文的意思，不偏离原文的内容和表达方式。
译者要理解原文的含义，并结合上下文选择恰当的词语和句式进行翻译，确保翻译的准确性和通顺性。
2. 保持语言风格一致商务英语信函的语言风格一般比较正式和规范，译文也要保持相同的语言风格，并符合商务信函的语言特点和规范。
译者要注意选择恰当的词语和表达方式，以保持译文的正式与规范，并确保与原文的风格一致。
3. 注意格式和礼貌用语。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究商务英语信函在国际商务交流中扮演着重要角色，因此具有独特的语言特点，对商务英语信函的翻译也有一定的要求。
本文将对商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究进行探讨。
一、商务英语信函的语言特点1. 正式性商务英语信函要求语言正式，符合商务交流的礼节要求。
信函中使用的词汇和语法结构通常更加正式，避免使用口语化的表达方式，以确保信函的专业性和严肃性。
2. 信息准确性商务英语信函所涉及的信息必须准确无误，语言表达应该清晰明了，避免歧义。
商务英语信函通常包括合同条款、财务数据、商业合作等内容，因此信息的准确性尤为重要。
3. 礼貌性商务英语信函需要表达出一定的礼貌和尊重，包括使用礼貌的称谓和表达方式，如“Dear Mr. Smith”、“Yours sincerely”等。
礼貌的语言表达可以有效建立商务关系，增进合作信任。
4. 规范性商务英语信函的格式和结构通常比较规范，包括抬头、称呼、正文、结尾等部分，需要遵循一定的书写规范。
商务英语信函还包括常见的商务约定语言和套语，例如“We regret to inform you that…”、“In accordance with the contract…”等。
5. 专业性商务英语信函通常涉及特定的行业术语和专业名词，需要使用准确的商务词汇表达。
商务英语信函还需要符合相应行业的规范和标准，以确保行文专业化。
商务英语信函的翻译需要保持信息的准确性，翻译过程中应避免遗漏或误译关键信息。
译文应清晰明了，表达方式与原文保持一致。
商务英语信函的翻译需要符合语言的正式规范，避免口语化的翻译表达。
翻译者需要了解商务英语信函的语言特点，遵循相应的语言规范进行翻译。
3. 文体风格商务英语信函的翻译需要保持原文的正式、礼貌、规范和专业的文体风格，使译文符合商务交流的礼节规范，增进双方的商务关系。
4. 行业术语5. 文化因素商务英语信函的翻译还需要考虑到文化因素，避免在翻译过程中出现与目标文化背景不符的表达方式。
摘要随着经济市场化、全球化趋势的日益深入，与对外经济贸易有关的业务往来也日趋频繁。
作为国际交流的载体，商务英语信函融英语写作与国际贸易业务为一体，已经广泛应用于日常生活和常规工作的方方面面，它不同于普通函件，有其语言、内容、态度、格式方面的独特的文体特点，是开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动的重要手段，对贸易全球化的实现起到了积极的推动作用。
本文对词汇和句子在商务英语信函写作中的语言特点进行讨论分析，帮助学习者更好地掌握商务英语信函中词汇和句子的用法。
关键词：商务英语信函；语言特点；文体特征；词汇；句法；7C原则ABSTRACTWith the deepening of the trend of economic marketization and globalization,the business contacts related to foreign economy and trade are increasingly frequentas well. As the carrier of international communication, business English letter is a combination of English writing and international trade business, has been widely usedin all aspects of daily life and routine work. It is different from ordinary letters whichhas its own language, content, manner, formats unique stylistic features that carry out foreign economic and trade business and related business activities of the important means, for the realization of the globalization of trade which has played a positiverole in promoting it. This paper discusses and analyzes the linguistic characteristics of vocabulary and sentences in business English letter writing to help learners better grasp the usage of vocabulary and sentences in business English letter writing.Key words：Business English correspondence；Language character；Stylistic features；Lexicon；Syntax；7C principleContentsINTRODUCTION (3)CHPTER I Overview Of Business English Correspondence (4)1.1 Development of Business English Correspondence (4)1.1.1 In the Early Term (4)1.1.3 The New Trend (4)1.2 Content of Business English Correspondence (5)1.3 Basic Writing Principles of Business English Correspondence (6)1.4 Classification of Business Correspondence (6)1.5 Functions of Business Correspondence (7)CHPTER II Lexical Features Of Business English Correspondences (8)2.1 Theoretical Foundation —— 7C Principle (8)2.1.1 Courtesy (9)2.1.2 Completeness (9)2.1.3 Consideration (9)2.1.4 Clarity (9)2.1.5 Concreteness (10)2.1.6 Conciseness (10)2.1.7 Correctness (10)2.2 Lexical Features (11)2.2.1 Using Accurate and Careful Words (11)2.2.2 Using Positive and Polite Words (11)2.2.3 Using Fuzzy Language (11)2.2.4 Using Concrete Words over Abstract Words (12)2.2.5 Avoid Ambiguous Words (12)2.2.6 Avoid Repeated Use of Adjectives or Adverbs (13)CHPTER III Syntactic Features Of Business English Correspondence (14)3.1 Using Fixed Phrases (14)3.1.1 Using Emotional Adverbs (14)3.1.2 Using Fixed Sentence Patterns (14)3.1.3 Using Conditional Sentences (15)3.1.4 Using Middle Construction (15)3.3 Using Appropriate Sentence Patterns to Highlight Key Information (16)3.4 Trying to Use Euphemisms (16)3.5 Combination and Simplicity (17)3.6 Common Parallel Structure (17)3.7 Use of Various Sentence Types (17)CONCLUSION (19)REFERENCES (20)INTRODUCTIONLanguage is a basic tool for communication between people. In business activities, people not only talk face to face, but also trade with each other through business English letters. Thus, business English letter also has a place in business activities. Nowadays, with the rapid development of economic globalization, business English correspondence plays a crucial role in the process of international and foreign trade. Business English letter is a general name of many kinds of business letters and electronic data exchange in foreign business center. Business letter is an indispensabletool for business communication and communication, and also an important carrier to convey business information. It is obvious that business English letter and ordinary English letter play different roles due to different application occasions, so there is agreat difference in writing between them. First of all, in terms of the use of vocabulary,the use of vocabulary in business English letters is more exquisite than that in ordinary letters. Even if it is the same meaning, the usage of words will be quite different. Secondly, in the process of writing, many aspects of business English correspondence must strictly abide by and flexibly apply the "7C" principle. Therefore, from the perspective of stylistics, this paper analyzes the lexical characteristics of different parts of speech in business English correspondence bycombining specific practical examples of vocabulary in business English correspondence and the writing principles that should be followed in the writing process of business English correspondence.Through a large number of examples and "Foreign Trade English Correspondence" (2016) edited by Ge Qun, this paper intends to analyze the linguistic characteristics of business English correspondence from the aspects of language, vocabulary and syntax.CHAPTER IAn Overview Of Business English Correspondence1.1 Development of Business English Correspondence1.1.1 In the Early TermThe first stage of development of foreign trade correspondence was probably from the middle and late 18th century to the period before the World War II. With the development of international trade, it is widely used. The main features of foreign trade correspondence in this period are: in terms of vocabulary, a number of large words, loanwords, legal terms and nominal structure to reflect its formality.1.1.2 In the Medium TermThe second development stage of foreign trade correspondence is from the period after the World War II to the 1970s and 1980s of the 20th century, which is also the forming period of the basic style of modern foreign trade correspondence. During this period, there were great changes in the style of foreign trade correspondence, presenting a new style. The most significant change is the practical function of correspondence. The accuracy and efficiency of information transmission required by international trade are put in the first place, which highlights its professionalism.So far, this is still the most basic style of foreign trade correspondence. Duringthis period, foreign trade correspondence became more practical and readable. For foreign trade correspondence style during this period, many documents are happy to use several "C" to summarize. It is generally accepted that courtesy, clarity, concreteness, conciseness.1.1.3 The New TrendFrom the 20th century to now, with people's new understanding of correspondence, the style of correspondence changed significantly during this period, and some new development trends appeared. Specific can be summarized as the following aspects:First, in terms of language style, correspondence is gradually getting rid of the former format of the so-called "business language", oral written business English is widely used, the writing style tends to be personalized and personal. Correspondence began to pursue a fresh, straightforward and humane style of writing; Pay more attention to the beauty of language expression, the human touch in tone and the positive enthusiasm in attitude, in order to close the psychological distance between the writer and the receiver; Focus on brevity, simplicity and clarity.Secondly, the positioning of correspondence function has also changed. Correspondence is no longer just a single exchange of specific business information, but to achieve a broader sense of communication and exchange between the two parties.Thirdly, the correspondence changed the formal face of the past stereotype, but depending on the specific situation to determine the formal level of the correspondence.Fourth, there is a trend towards gender differentiation in wording. Some words and phrases gradually became women's trade correspondence, and letters between men and women became more formalBut at the same time, the old business communication format paper still exists.1.2 Content of Business English CorrespondenceA complete English business letter consists of six parts: head, address, salutation, body, closing and signature. The contents of the header include: full name, address, telephone number, fax and E-mail address of the sending company. The content of the address inside the letter includes the addressee's name and address, the first letter of the addressee's name should be capitalized, the address order from small to large, namely: door plate, street town, county city, country name, the address inside the letter is placed in the lower left corner of the letter head, top case writing, usually separated by two lines with the time. Salutation is an indispensable part of the letter. It is written in the top case, one line below the address. The body of the letter is the main body and the most important part of the full text. Business English letters pay attention to be straight to the point, concise and to the point, and usually adopt the expression that is easy for the other party to accept. The epilogue is written in the space of a blank line at the end of the text, which is equivalent to the "kind salute" used at the end of a Chinese letter. After the conclusion, the American letter is placed at the bottom left and the British letter at the bottom right. It usually takes up 3-4 lines. The first line is the name of the company, the second line is the signature of the writer, and the third line is the position or department of the signer.1.3 Basic Writing Principles of Business English CorrespondenceBusiness English letter is a commonly used business English practical article. It is the main means for both parties to understand each other and conduct trade. While communicating business information in written form, it also reflects the business image of a company or institution. The principles of business English letter writing are changing with The Times. In the middle of the 20th century, business did not flourish as much as it does today, and even face-to-face meetings were formal. Today's business contacts are close, so it is no longer as formal and rigid as at the beginning. In the communication process, we will use more natural and relaxed language, of course and we will still pay attention to the euphemism andappropriateness. Because easy language makes it easier for us to communicate, and the purpose of communication is to suggest relationships, to communicate ideas accurately, to convey a good impression. With the desire to achieve trade through mutual cooperation, nowadays, business English letter, as an important tool for businessmen to carry out business activities abroad, has its own unique principles in writing in order to play its effect, which should follow the principle of 7Cs. They are: courtesy; completeness; consideration; clarity, concreteness, conciseness, correctness. However, under the guidance of these seven writing principles, business English letter has the characteristics of polite and tactful emotion and concise and accurate expression.1.4 Classification of Business English CorrespondenceThere are four main types of business letters: information letters (including inquiry letters, notification letters, quotation letters, etc.), persuasion letters (including sales letters, cover letters, recommendation letters, etc.), problem solving letters (including claim letters, arbitration letters, decline letters, etc.), and goodwill letters (such as congratulatory letters, etc.).1.5 Functions of Business English CorrespondenceAccording to the definition and the classification, people can easily gain a common sense that business correspondence is used to sell products or services, request information or service, answer customer’s enquires, maintain good public relations, and serve a large range of other business functions.Business English letter is the progress of the import and export business of professional written records. It is business people from all over the world to negotiate trade, contact business for import and export trade in one application documents. This time, a large number of written consultations were conducted through business English letters which stipulated the rights and obligations of the buyer and the seller and provided the legal basis for dispute resolution, from the establishment of traderelations to a successful transaction.Business correspondence can act as formal or informal public relations material. It can help to build good relationship between you and you clients, creditors, suppliers and other public groups. It also represents you and your firm to people that you may never meet personally or contact just by phone. How you express yourself forms an impression in the mind of your clients. As a result, business writing deserves considerable care and attention.CHAPTER IILexical Features Of Business English CorrespondencesLanguage is an indispensable part of the development of human society. People often take many things related to language for granted and vocabulary is a unit of language expression. Webster's New World Dictionary offers some of the most common definitions of "language". In fact, the most concise definition of language is a way of verbal communication, which is practical. However, it is difficult to make a scientific definition of "word". It is a natural bounded unit, a common factor that governs a set of forms, and a grammatical unit. According to the differences between different words, we can divide words into changeable words and immutable words, grammatical words and lexical words, closed words and open words, and parts of speech in four ways.2.1 Theoretical Foundation ------ 7C PrincipleBusiness English correspondence is the symbolic manifestation of the changes in the psychological communication between the business interests and the trading participants in the operation of import and export trade. It not only has the exchange value, but also has the economic value. The embodiment of economic value lies in that the participants in import and export trade overcome the cross-cultural economicbarriers and communicate with each other through business English correspondence in the whole process of engaging in import and export trade. Complete the entire process of import and export trade (including: establishing trade relations, enquiries, offers, counter-offers, orders, contracts, payments, packaging, insurance, transportation, appeals and claims, etc.) to obtain economic benefits. Business English correspondence this kind of language behavior satisfies the demand of the import and export trade intercourse, moreover has the broad market and the huge economic value. English is a language with strong network externalities. In economics, network externality refers to the utility generated by the consumption of a certain kind of goods increases with the increase of the number of people consuming the goods. As the world's common language, English is used by a large number of consumers, so the economic utility is huge. The systematic application of principle 7C in the writing of business English correspondence can improve the quality of correspondence and improve the economic benefits obtained through correspondence.2.1.1 CourtesyIn order to establish and maintain a friendly business relationship, business English correspondence should generally pay attention to the principle of politeness, to treat others. The principle of politeness is not only reflected in the use of words such as "please" and "thanks you", but also in the lines to reflect China's foreign trade policy and diplomatic etiquette, to be neither humble nor arrogant, decent and generous. The specific politeness principle basically includes the following aspects: abide by the international business practice; Respect each other's customs; Language should be polite and measured, avoid using command tone; Use a friendly, positive tone, try to use a euphemistic tone to point out the other side is not satisfactory, reply to the letter to be timely.2.1.2 CompletenessA complete business letter should answer each question and clarify the important information you want to convey. The integrity of the letter is conducive to the establishment of a good corporate image, to save both sides of the business time toachieve the desired effect, to avoid unnecessary disputes caused by the lack of important information.2.1.3 ConsiderationUnderstanding refers to the interests of the other side as the starting point and standing in the other side's position to consider the problem carefully, in order to get the other side's good will and achieve the expected purpose.The understanding principle is a technique used in business interactions to facilitate transactions.2.1.4 ClarityThe principle of clarity includes two aspects. One is that the writer knows what to write before writing. The other one is that when the letter received can fully understand the writer’s expression, will not produce misunderstanding. This requires a clear mind, accurate expression instead of using some ambiguous words.2.1.5 ConcretenessSpecific principles refer to the letter involved in the content to say something. Information is completely expression, detailed and specific, rich and vivid. In business letter writing, avoid general, vag ue expressions such as “soon, at an early date, good and nearly”, etc. For example, “I will send the samples to you soon. It would be better if I would send the samples to you in two weeks. ” Or “I will send the samples to you next Monday.”2.1.6 ConcisenessBrevity means to express the richest and most complete content in the least language without affecting the politeness of the letter. Brevity makes a letter more powerful and concise. The format of business English letter should be concise and to the point, the language should be easy to understand, and the content should be concise and rich. This should be about to write in the process of writing as far as possible to choose single room, easy to understand, simple vocabulary, use concise, direct sentences.2.1.7 CorrectnessThe traditional accuracy principle generally includes five aspects: correct information, correct grammar, correct spelling, correct punctuation and correct pragmatics. Pragmatic correctness refers to the appropriateness and appropriateness of language use, which should take into account the linguistic context, the conventional context and the social context. Linguistic context refers to the form, composition, information and communicative intention of the last letter if there is a previous letter. The conventional context refers to the general knowledge of the objective world of the reader, which belongs to the category of encyclopedic knowledge. Social context is cultural context and scene context. Cultural context refers to the consideration of the social norms, cultural contracts and customs of the reader's society. The context of the scene is the specific communicative environment and content of the economic events in which the two parties are involved. Correct pragmatics can make the communication between transaction parties more successful and the economic benefits more smoothly.2.2 Lexical Features2.2.1 Using Accurate and Careful WordsThe essential function of a business letter is to convey information, which is not only related to the company's business development, brand image, customer development, and even affects the company's international reputation. If you want to say "$98", you can write "$98" in a normal letter, but in a business English letter, you must write "$98.00" .It must be strictly distinguished in business English correspondence. There are two prepositional phrases like "by Monday" and "before Monday". The former includes the day" Monday", while the latter doesn't include it, that means the day before the deadline "Monday".2.2.2 Using Positive and Polite WordsIf business letter writers choose the right words, they will leave a goodimpression on the other party and lay the foundation for the cooperation between the two parties. When writing business letters, we should pay attention to the appropriate use of commendatory words and polite words. Example: (1a)" I'm sorry we blundered on your order."; (2a)" We regret the inconvenience you've had been under caused by the broken mixer. " Although the letter writers hope to express a sincere apology, negative (case 1 blunder and 2 inconvenience) will remind receiving bad consequences, affect each other's response to adverse consequences. So the writer can use neutral words to dilute the recipient's response to the consequences. To achieve good communication effect, letter writing can be rewritten as :(1b)" I want to apologize for the order we delivered "; (2b)" We are truly sorry about the experience you had with the mixer."2.2.3 Using Fuzzy LanguageLanguage communication is a necessary means of communicating feelings. In the face of emotional things, fuzzy language can harmonize feelings. The primary basis of business English letter is appropriate and polite language, while the use of obscure words can make the words implicit and euphemistic. Especially for some sensitive topics, such as the interests of both sides, the focus of conflict, etc., fuzzy language plays a role of hiding , avoiding and diversion. Sometimes using vague language out of consideration of discretion and politeness is beneficial to both parties in business dealings.Example 1: “If possible, please also send samples of the goods you are interested in selling.” The writer would very hopeful that the reader to send him samples of interest as soon as possible. But the direct expression will make the sentence rigid, to the reader left an uncomfortable feeling. "If possible" makes the statement more implicit and polite.Fuzzy language is also persuasive. One of the basic requirements of a business letter is truthfulness and accuracy. On this basis, the use of vague language may be easier to arouse the reader's interest or persuade the other side to accept their views.Example 2: “We are very well connected with all the major dealers h ere of industrial products.” The fuzzy adjunct "very well" brings the relationship between the writer and reader much closer, and this relationship provides a good foundation for smooth cooperation. The fuzzy language makes the whole statement more persuasive.2.2.4 Using Concrete Words over Abstract WordsAbstract words are ambiguous in meaning, not directly and accurately expressed in meaning, and specific words are clear in meaning, which facilitates rapid communication between both sides of the letter. It is an important feature of a business letter to use specific words to express one's wishes accurately and help both sides communicate quickly. Therefore, English business letter writing should try to use specific words to express the meaning accurately and quickly, to avoid ambiguity.Example: (1) “The payment of the goods will be effected on July 1st.” (2) “The goods will be paid on July 1st.” (3) “The shipment was affected by weather.” However, the noun "Payment" cannot be used as a predicate to express "Payment" independently, the author must use the verb "effect" to express the meaning. From the stylistic point of view, example 1 to 2 is more formal, but from the concise and accurate level of meaning expression, example 2 is concise and clear, which is more conducive to the communication between both parties. The verb "affect" does not have a clear meaning, so the recipient cannot clearly understand how the weather affects the transport of the goods, and therefore cannot take appropriate countermeasures. So the writer should use accurate words such as "hindered", the "of" or "stopped", facilitate the recipient responded correctly.2.2.5 Avoid Ambiguous WordsAmbiguous words are words that have two or more meanings in the same context. The use of ambiguous words in business letters may affect the misunderstanding of both parties and cause unnecessary trouble. Example: We assembled them by the new machine. (" By "can mean" near "or" by means of ") incase the preposition "by" in English can be interpreted as "by the side of..." and "by means of...”. We put them all together next to the new machine. We used the new machine to put them together. In order to accurately express the meaning, writing a business letter should be changed according to the meaning of the writer on patients into: (1) We assembled them near the new machine, or (2) We assembled them by means of the new machine. In addition, business English letter in a sentence to avoid as far as possible meaning of a word. For example, “Cotton and silk blouses made in China enjoy a good market in the European market. ". In this sentence, the "market" to express the two kinds of meaning: the first "market" means "sales", the second "market" said "the market". In order to facilitate understanding, should put the example for the Cotton and silk blouses made in China enjoy a good sale in the European marketplace ".2.2.6 Avoid Repeated Use of Adjectives or AdverbsChinese people are used to repeating the same meaning in writing. On the one hand, repetition can maintain a balanced lexical structure. On the other hand, repetition also strengthens the mood and the meaning of expression. English culture emphasizes the use of plain language to express meaning. When writing business English letters, we should follow the habits of English language, avoid unnecessary repetition, and keep the letter concise and clear. Repeated errors in adjectives and adverbs commonly found in business letters: General consensus; True facts ("facts "must be true=true); Assemble together (" Assemble "= put together.); Absolutely complete (" Absolutely "= completely).CHAPTER IIIS yntactic Features Of Business English CorrespondenceSentence is the basic unit of discourse. The writing of English business letter must follow the characteristics of business letter and choose the syntactic structure.Professional business English letter writing usually chooses concise sentence structure. The complex long sentence meaning expression is unclear, does not meet the business activity to saves time and the convenience request.3.1 Using Fixed PhrasesUse fixed phrases: as the medium of business communication, both English and Chinese business letters strictly follow the principles of politeness. In the long-standing customs and habits of business communities, some ready-made formulaic patterns, namely social phrases, have been condensed to express social etiquette.3.1.1 Using Emotional AdverbsWith table adverb of emotion, such as: faithfully, kindly, respectfully, sincerely, unfortunately and so on, which are attached to form request, give or inform sentences. It is used to act as additional emotion of the sentence, convey the evaluation of the sender, and express feeling of praise and respect.3.1.2 Using Fixed Sentence PatternsUsing the sentence structure like “I’m sorry to tell... ”, “I regret to say...”, “I appreciate..., but...”, “I 'm afraid.” to sh ow euphemism and politeness, to express sympathy, regret and other feelings. Use “It's very kind of you to...” “It's a pleasure for me to...” “I would like to inform you that...”. This is to express one's feelings of joy or pleasure to attract the attention of the other party. These sentence patterns are characterized by the expression of feelings of the word as the center, euphemism polite introduction of the topic.3.1.3 Using Conditional SentencesIn business English letter writing, the use of conditional sentences will often make the letter achieve a more polite effect. In particular, when making demands or Suggestions to the other party, the use of conditional sentences can euphemistically。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究商务英语信函通常用于商业交流、商务合作、差旅安排、产品介绍、价目表、询价、订单、发票、催款等方面。
这类信函语言清晰简洁、格式规范、注意礼貌、语气正式，还需要注意文化差异和语言表达方式的影响。
商务英语信函的语言特点包括：一、使用简洁明了、恰当优美的语言。
商务信函中使用的语言不应过于艰涩晦涩，而是要力求简洁明了，同时也要体现一定的礼貌、尊重和文化传统的影响。
二、注意语言的准确性和清晰度。
语言应表达清晰，避免过多废话，而且要尽量避免产生歧义。
三、保持一个正式的语气。
商务信函应该保持正式的语气，使用适当的致辞方式，不可过于轻浮、不正式。
四、注意礼貌用语和文化的差异。
在不同国家和地区，礼貌用语和礼仪有所区别，语言表达方式也不一样。
因此，在撰写商务信函之前，需要做好细致的文化差异和语言表达方式的研究。
商务英语信函的翻译研究要注意以下几点：一、费用合理合法，避免误解或引起异议。
在翻译过程中，要将商务英语中的特定术语翻译得准确无误，同时保持语言的规范、清晰和易懂。
二、文化背景和语言差异的考虑。
商务英语信函往往受到国家和地区文化背景的影响，翻译时要考虑到这些背景和语言差异，尽量做到贴近原文的翻译。
三、注意格式和排版的规范性。
商务信函的格式和排版都应该严格遵照客户的要求和规定进行，翻译时也应该按照这个要求进行翻译。
四、保持专业性和准确性。
商务信函一般都涉及到商业合作等重要内容，因此在翻译过程中要尽可能的保持专业性和准确性，以避免误解或引起异议。
总之，商务英语信函的重要性在商业交流中不可忽视，语言特点和翻译研究都需要严谨认真的处理。
只有将这些方面都处理得当，才能更好地推动商务合作的进展和顺利完成商业交流。
