《新闻英语与范文评析》笔记

新闻总结英文作文范文英文：Recently, I have been keeping up with the news and there are a few stories that caught my attention. Firstly, there was the announcement that the Tokyo Olympics will be held without spectators due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This decision was made to prioritize the safety of the athletes and the Japanese public. It is a shame that the games will not have the usual lively atmosphere, but it is understandable given the circumstances.Secondly, there was the news that billionaire Richard Branson successfully completed a spaceflight with his company Virgin Galactic. This is a significant moment for commercial space travel and could potentially pave the way for more accessible space tourism in the future. It is inspiring to see individuals like Branson pushing the boundaries of what is possible.Finally, there was the report that the world's largest iceberg, A-76, broke off from Antarctica. This event highlights the worrying trend of rising global temperatures and the impact it is having on our planet. It is a stark reminder that we need to take action to address climate change before it is too late.中文：最近，我一直关注新闻，有几个故事引起了我的注意。

英语新闻文体与范文评析English response:The English news style is characterized by its objectivity, accuracy, and conciseness. News articles are written in a straightforward and unbiased manner, with the facts presented in a clear and concise way. The language used in news articles is typically formal and objective, and the tone is typically neutral.There are a number of different types of news articles, including hard news stories, feature stories, and opinion pieces. Hard news stories are the most common type of news article, and they typically report on recent events in a straightforward and unbiased manner. Feature stories are longer and more in-depth than hard news stories, and they often provide more background information on a particular topic. Opinion pieces are written by journalists or other experts who express their opinions on a particular topic.In general, the English news style is one of the most widely used news styles in the world. It is used by newspapers, magazines, and websites around the world, andit is the style that most people are familiar with.中文回答：英语新闻文体是一种以客观、准确、简洁为特点的文体。

新闻评论英语范文带翻译自从学习英语之后，天天守着电视看新闻。

下面是店铺给大家整理的新闻评论英语范文带翻译，供大家参阅!新闻评论英语范文带翻译：男子用3D打印自制牙套An undergraduate at New Jersey Institute ofTechnology made his own plastic braces using a 3Dprinter, US$60 of materials, and they actuallyworked.新泽西理工大学的一名本科生用一台3D打印机以及60美元的材料为自己制作了塑料牙箍，而且这些牙箍确实有效。

Amos Dudley had braces in middle school, but hedidn't wear a retainer like he was supposed to, so histeeth slowly shifted back. He didn't want to shell outthousands of dollars for a whole new round ofbraces, so the digital-design major decided to makehis own.阿莫斯·达德利中学的时候就戴上了牙箍，但他没有按要求戴固位体，所以他的牙齿逐渐后移。

他不想花上千美元去做一套新牙箍，所以这位主修数字化设计的大学生就决定自己做牙箍。

The process wasn't exactly easy. He had to research orthodontic procedures and plot theroute of his successive braces, so his teeth would move in the right way.制作牙箍的过程并不简单。

他必须研究牙齿矫正的步骤，绘制好相继更换的牙箍的制作方法，这样他的牙齿才会以恰当的方式长回去。

英语作文新闻评述模板范文英文回答：News Commentary Template Essay。

In the realm of journalism, news commentaries serve as platforms for opinion, analysis, and interpretation of current events. These pieces offer a unique perspective on the news, providing readers with insights beyond the surface level reporting. To craft a compelling news commentary essay, it is essential to follow a structured template that guides the organization and flow of your thoughts.1. Introduction。

Begin with a hook that grabs the reader's attention and introduces the topic.State the thesis statement, which should clearlyarticulate your main argument or perspective on the issueat hand.Provide brief background information to contextualize the news event.2. Body Paragraph 1。

Present evidence to support your thesis statement.Use facts, statistics, and examples to bolster your argument.Address potential counterarguments and offer rebuttals.3. Body Paragraph 2。

英语作文分析笔记初一英文：As a first-year junior high student, I often find it challenging to analyze and take notes on English essays. However, I have developed some effective strategies to help me with this task.Firstly, I always read the essay carefully and underline key points or important information. This helps me to focus on the main ideas and arguments presented in the essay. Then, I use different colored pens to highlight different aspects of the essay, such as important quotes, supporting evidence, or the author's main claims. This visual organization helps me to better understand the structure and content of the essay.In addition, I like to use sticky notes or small pieces of paper to jot down my own thoughts and reactions as I read. This allows me to engage with the text and thinkcritically about the author's arguments. For example, if I disagree with a certain point, I will write down my reasons for doing so. This not only helps me to remember my own thoughts, but also provides me with valuable material for class discussions or essay writing.Furthermore, I often create mind maps or diagrams to visually represent the connections between different ideas in the essay. This helps me to see the bigger picture and understand how the author's arguments are interconnected. For instance, if an essay discusses the causes and effects of climate change, I might create a diagram to show the relationship between human activities, greenhouse gas emissions, and rising global temperatures.Overall, these strategies have proven to be veryhelpful for me in analyzing and taking notes on English essays. By actively engaging with the text and using visual aids, I am able to better understand the content and develop my own critical thinking skills.中文：作为一个初一的学生，我常常觉得分析和做英语作文笔记很有挑战。

英语新闻带解析的作文英文：As a news article with analysis, I have to say that the recent trade war between the United States and China has caused quite a stir in the global market. The tit-for-tat tariffs imposed by both countries have led to a significant impact on various industries, including agriculture, technology, and manufacturing.The trade war has resulted in higher prices for consumers, as the cost of imported goods has increased due to the tariffs. For example, the price of electronic products such as smartphones and laptops has gone up, affecting the purchasing power of consumers. This has also led to a decrease in demand for certain products, which has negatively affected businesses and industries.Furthermore, the trade war has also disrupted global supply chains, as companies have had to re-evaluate theirmanufacturing and sourcing strategies. Many companies have had to find alternative suppliers or move their production facilities to other countries to avoid the tariffs. Thishas led to increased operational costs and logistical challenges for businesses.In addition, the uncertainty surrounding the trade war has also impacted investor confidence and stock markets.The fluctuation in stock prices and the fear of an economic downturn have led to a cautious approach from investors, affecting investment decisions and overall market stability.Overall, the trade war has created a ripple effect across the global economy, affecting not only the US and China but also other countries and industries that are part of the global supply chain.中文：作为一篇带有分析的新闻文章，我不得不说最近美国和中国之间的贸易战在全球市场引起了轩然大波。

1.The Function of HeadlinesA:Five main functions.First, a headline summarizes a news story with the mostimportant and attractive words.A reader usually doesn’t havetime for every piece of newsthat’s printed. With theguidance of terse headlines,readers can quickly find theparts they want to read.Second, it sparkles the wholepage. One can imagine howsuffocative a newspaper couldbe if there were not a singleheadline and dozens of newsstories just piled up.Third, it beautifies the form ofedition. Headlines are gooddecoration to the page as theyappear in various sizes andtypefaces.Fourth, a headline sometimes is used to attract the readers’attention.Fifth, a headline can be used tomake some comment.2.2. Grammatical features ofheadlinesFirst, there are omission ofarticle, conjunction, pronoun,link verb and auxiliary verb. Itis used to summarize andhighlight the content. Forexample, “China sees housingas (an) engine to drive (the)economy.”Second, present tense is used to show things that happened inthe past.Three reasons:First, it saves space. In mostcases past tense is longer inspace than the present tense,with an “ed” in extra. Sopresent tense can save somespace for a headline.Secondly, present tense isactive. It puts the reader intoaction and gives him a feelingof participation, so that itattracts readers’ attention.Thirdly, a present-tenseemphasizes the timeliness ofthe news. It gives the reader asense of freshness andimmediacy, although he mightwell understand that a head inthe present tense in today’snewspaper is presentingyesterday’s news.More:First, use “be to do” instead of “will do” to present the futuretense, and “be” is often omittedin order to save space.Second, use “be doing” topresent things that arehappening, and “be” is oftenomitted in order to save space.Thirdly, sometimes presenttense can also present thingsthat are happening or willhappen, for example,”Labourplans BBC shake-up. ”Third, active voice is moreoften used. It is more colorfuland appealing, more forwardand powerful in transferringmeaning than passive voice.The word ”be” or “by” areoften omitted only use pastparticiple to express passivity.Fourth, punctuations are usedsometimes in headlines.English headlines are knownfor its terse structure, andpunctuations are used in muchrarer cases than in the text.Punctuations only appear in thehead for two reasons. First,they are used to save space. For example, comma is used tosubstitute “and” only to savespace. Secondly, they are usedto show the relation betweentwo groups of words. Forexample, a dash is used toconnect a quotation and itsattribution.3.4.3. Why sometimes in headlines,“and” ,“the” or “to be” are notomitted?5.A: They are not to be omittedin two occasions. One, whenthey are in set phrases, such asin the headline, “TB on the riseagain”. Two, when they can fill up the space hole in a headline.For example,“Four killed andfive hurt in a house fire.”4. The language feature of headlinesA: A headline is aiming at summarizing a whole article with a few words. So journalists make great effort in choosing the right words which are clear in meaning and economy in space.There are some preference for journalists and editorsFirst, they use abundant of simple words. Some are teeny tiny little words that lively express some meaning. “Hit” or “ruin” are often used instead of “damage”Second, initials are often used to save space, like “WTO” or “ABM”Thirdly, Abbreviations are used, which can be easily recognized by readers. Such as “ad”and ”biz” which can be easily found in the English newspaper. Fourthly, there is flexible use of journalistic coinages. To save time and space, journalists often combine two or more words into one word in practice and coinage then comes into being. They are very impressive and catchy, some even have the characteristic of originality, like “newscast.”5. Different styles of the typefacesAmerica/Canada: capitalize the first alphabet of every notional word.English: capitalize the first alphabet of the first word in a headline.Exceptional: New York Times: capitalize every alphabet to beautify the editionmon styles for headlines[/b] A: flush-left head, droplinehead/indented head,crossline/keyline, centered head, inverted pyramid head, banner head/streamer and jump head. 7.Difference between Chinese headline and English head？A：They are different in four ways. First, Chinese headlines usually provide more information than English heads. Chinese heads are often multi-deck, and English heads are often one-deck, thus Chinese headlines tend to focus on the totality of the news. And if it cannot include all the facts that is needed in the head, the subhead can do the job. Another reason it usually carries more info is that each Chinese character takes up equal space, while English words are not. As a result, Chinese heads tend to be like mini-story in capsule form, while English heads accentuate on one important factor of the news.The second difference is the difference in the use of words. Like in English heads, it’s a no-no to begin a head with a verb. But in Chinese headlines, it’s ok. There are abundant use of simple words which serve to save space in English heads, but you can need not to follow that rule for every Chinese character takes up equal space. For another example, people seldom use adjectives or adverbs in English heads following the principle of “ABC”(accuracy, brevity and clarity), but you can easily grasp a piece of Chinese news with adjectives or adverbs in the headline.Thirdly, they are different in tense. English heads often use present tense which had been called “historical present tense” to present yesterday’s news, and avoid time-indicating words like “yesterday’ or “last night”. But Chinese heads use them to indicate the happening time.The last difference should be in the word layout. You can never lay the English headlines in vertical form, but you can certainly do that in Chinese heads. People use single quotation mark in English headlines but doublequotation mark in Chinese headline.8. News value determinersA: timeliness or freshness; Importance/consequence/impact/si gnificance;Prominence;Proximity/locality/nearness Unusualness/bizarreness/oddity/no veltyHuman interest;Conflict9. Hard news and soft newsHard news (spot news/straight news): Events that are timely and are covered almost automatically by print and electronic media. They are often very serious and important news.Soft news: Events that are usually not considered immediately important or timely to a wide audience.10. Genre of news reporting NewsFeatureCommentaries and columns Interpretive reporting Investigative reportingNew journalismSkit/essayPicture news/photojournalism 11. News structureInverted pyramid style: it is the most frequently used structure in news writing.In this structure, events are written in descending order of importance. First of all, a terse lead is formed. The lead offers the most essential elements telling who, what, when, where, why and how of the story. Advantages: First, it is convenient for editors to decide the news value and cut the news from the bottom; Second, it is convenient for journalists to meet the deadline without missing any key facts; Third, it can help readers to find the main facts of the news quickly. Disadvantages: First, the main facts all frequently appear in the headline, lead and body, which would be suffocative to most readers; Second, the writing is not tightly organized and fully deployed, what’s more, the styl e is top heavy and lack of suspense interest.Pyramid style/the chronological styleIt is composed by three parts, they are beginning, body and ending. To write a piece of news in pyramid style, a beginning is given first and events are written in time sequence. Writers can take advantage of narrative and descriptive writing, so it flows better and involves readers. At the meantime, it adds suspense interest to the story.Mixed form of invented pyramid and pyramid style (Circle style) After a lead, events are written in time sequence. It has the advantages of pyramid style and important facts can be presented high in the story. The most important information is repeated in the narrative, so that readers can have a chance to absorb it. It is more effective storytelling and can keep readers interested until the end then leads up to a real conclusion. Comparing with the other styles, this form is more balanced. But it discourages editors slash the story from the bottom.List techniqueWall Street journal formula: It tends to focus on individual.12. Forms of reportingSingle event coverage/brief Roundups: it tends to focus on the totality and integrity. There are two types of this kind: horizontal roundups and vertical roundups. Follow-ups/ follow-up stories (second cycle stories/ development stories)Advantages: First, it attracts readers’ attention by accentuating on one important fact of the news; Second, it tends to fully deploy thenews from different aspects, which can well make up for the contradiction in terms of freshness and integrity; Third, it helps to form the public opinion. Content: Facts that are not mentioned in previous stories or some background of events.The developments of the events;Different opinions from people of all walks of life;The prediction of the events;Important facts that previously reported.In-depth reports: Including investigative reporting and interpretive reporting emphasize on WHY.13.Features of leadsA: Succinct. A summary lead should outline a news story in no more than 35 words Informative. A summary lead should contain the 5Ws of news. Intriguing. Leads are sometimes called “grabbers”, which means it serves the duty to grab the readers’ attention.What’s more, leads should also be straightforward, varied, clear specific and active.That why English journalists struggle for the best wording and leave no stone unturned.14.Types of leadsSummary lead/roundup lead Main fact leadDescriptive leadDirect address leadQuotation lead (full quotation lead/partial quotation lead) Suspense leadDelayed lead/multi-paragraph lead Contrast leadQuestion leadAnecdotal leadCombined lead/multiple element leadLabel lead (empty lead)15.Famous pressesAP（Associated Press）UPI（United Press International）AFP (L’Agence France Press) Reuters (The Reuter Ltd) Kyodo; Itar-Tass; ANSA; PTI （Press Trust of India）;DPA(德新); EFE（埃菲社,西班牙）16.placement of the dateline English: place, date, press name中文: press name, place, date17.Sources of news reporting Accurate news sources: with the name of organization, people or agency;Implied news sources: people who do not want to be told the name, or sources from nonsense people that readers do not have interest in, as used like “witness said”Use fuzzy words to imply the sources such as “it is said”18.Difference between feature and news.A: Three differences.First, their focus is not the same. News reporting provides all facts that are related. It tends to focus on inclusiveness and integrity of the news, while features only present the most characteristic and impressive episode of the story. A piece of news shows a panorama, but a feature gives an enlarged close-up.Secondly, their writing purpose is not exactly the same. News only tries to inform the readers, while features try harder to attract the reader’s attention with more detailed and descriptive writing. Thirdly, their composition structure is not always the same. News reporting for most cases adopts inverted pyramid form, but features follow no such rule. It can be very flexible in terms of structure.19.Types of features1) News-oriented, interest-oriented2) Profile; what-feature; locality feature/ travelogue; personal experience feature/ I-account (withimmediacy, persuasiveness and vividness)20. Types of commentaries and columnsEditorial,; commentary; column21. Common topics of the commentaries and columns[/b] Important events; typical or hot topic; significant or big festival22. Keynote/language feature of the commentaries and columns[/b] First, it should be accurate, succinct, and informative when summarizing stories.Second, there are abundant uses of formal words, long and difficult complex sentences.Third, tone should be impersonal, but the editorial “we” is used sometimes to establish a rapport between the editors and readers.23. Grammatical features of English newsLanguage of news stories should be fit for communication, so it is accurate, succinct and understandable. In addition, it has to meet the deadline and limited page space. So in practice, Journalistic English has its own features distinctive from other forms of language.Omission of “that” as a conjunction;Omission of “on” before date;Use of split infinitive, in news stories, such phrase as “to illegally enter” is often met.Break of sequence of tenses, it is flexible to use the tenses if basic grammar principle has been kept. Use passive voice to give prominence to the object or to catch the attention of readers. Proper insert of backgrounds, it makes the news more understandable to readers and deepens the thesis of the news. There are contrast back-grounding, interpretative back-grounding and explanative back-grounding to be insert when necessary. Heavy use of attributes and they are often linked by hyphens.Use direct or indirect quotations to show maximum objectivity and to decrease the color of personal slant.Use dashes to insert parenthetical statement in order to give more background and show the opinions of people related,Use figure of speech in a flexible way, which makes the story more readable, vivid and attractive. The common figures are: alliteration, humor, contrast, exaggeration, witticism and so on.24. When use passive voice? First, when the receiver of the action is more important than the executor. For example, the casualty of a plane crash or a fire rage usually draws a lot of attention, passive voice is used in these cases.Secondly, passive voice is used to attract readers’ attention because the very beginning of the news draws more attention then the words hides deeper in the paragraph.25. Wording features[/b] Journalistic English is quite exclusive. It includes solemn statement of president, relaxed talk of common people and special jargons of various fields, but they have the samepurpose¬——to transfer information and make sure that readers can understand them with least energy and time.Use specific names to indicate special things or meanings. For example, the palace “Kremlin” refers to “Russia”.Use loanwords to indicate new things or exotic things, French phrase “en mass” are often used to express the meaning “in general”. As in journalistic English, words of certain people often quoted, so there are various words used to express the meaning of saying, such as “allege”, “claim” and “argue” are often used.News words emerge in endless streams. New meaning may come from former words as “basket” can mean “a series of problem.” New words may come from new things such as “Euro” “petrodollar” and so on. Old words can be combines to form new words, such as “cybercafé” “compuword”, etc. Abundant vogue words can be seen in journalistic English, their special meanings come into being in a certain current and disappear afterwards. “Trauma” is one of such kind of words.Fuzzy terms can be used to add credibility to reporting as well as fit the reading habit of readers’, such as “green” “tall” and so on. Use the words vividly to put the readers into action or gives them a feeling of participation.26. Why sometimes reporter use fuzzy terms?A: 4 reasons.Sometimes reporters cannot find to the exact data, so he have to use fuzzy terms. This would make the reporting even more credible.As most readers only want to get a rough idea about what is happening, a report crammed with various detailed descriptions would be suffocative to most readers.Reporters sometimes don’t have the time to check every truth out before he have to dispatch the story to ensure timeliness of the news. What’s more, fuzzy terms can make the news much easier for readers.Fuzzy words have the advantage to enliven a writing, which accurate language (especially figures) might fall short of.[b]27. Difference between newspaper lead and broadcasting lead.[/b]A: Three differences.First, most newspaper leads are summary leads, which include all the 5Ws of the news. But a broadcasting lead usually gives a rough summary with only a few important truths, because it would be easier for the listeners. Second, broadcasting lead should be shorter in length and simpler in structure to make sure that the news is easy for listeners. Thirdly, broadcasting leads usually adopt present tense or present perfect tense to emphasize timeliness and freshness of the news. But newspaper leads must use past tense when reporting things that happened.[b]28. The features of broadcasting English[/b] Broadcasting news often use small words in order to make it understandable. Spoken language is used instead of written language, as “aim” is used instead of “purpose”.In order to make the broadcasting brief, simple sentence are always used.The broadcasting leads, in most cases, tends to focus on the most important factor of the news by using short and simple sentences. The present tense is often use to add timeliness, freshness and immediacy to the news. Approximate numbers are used instead of exact numbers, such as “roughly” “about” “just over” and so on.Quotations should be fit for listening so indirect and short quotations should be used instead of long and direct quotations. Quotation using should follow the rule that source attribution should be placed before the information considering the listening habit.29. Different quotation using between broadcasting news and newspaper newsFirst, indirect and short quotations are often used to make the news fit for listening habit, but it can be very flexible in using quotations when writing a newspaper news. The second difference should bethe difference in the placement of source attribution. In most case, source attributions follow the information in newspaper reporting, because what is said is more important than who said it, but it is different in broadcasting news, attribution should be placed before the information considering the listening habit.30. Difference between news reporting and news translating[/b] There are different audiences at home and abroad in culture, language, political system and life style. Readers’ interest should be carefully considered before translating Chinese news into English news.Communication effect is the most important aspect when translating Chinese news into English news. Make sure that foreign English reporting is not literally translated from Chinese news.The translation of Chinese news to English news should be accurate and understandable. Proper explanation can appear in the news if it is necessary.Try to pay attention to:One should offer necessary background in a flexible way. Focus should be placed on the most important factors of the news. Do not treat the background as the main fact of the news. Considering the readers’ attention/interest abroad do not mean that one can not report the news with accurate trait, our purpose of English news reporting is to show a real China to the world, so reporting with some kind of culture trait is necessary to some extent.31. Ways of using punctuations in the headlineEnglish headlines are known forits terse structure, and punctuations are used in much rarer cases than in the text. Punctuations only appear in the head for two reasons. First, they are used to save space. Second, they are used to show the relation between two groups of words. There are three ways of using punctuations.Using comma instead of “and”A dash is used to connect a quotation and its attribution. Colon is used to substitute “be”, or instead of “say” to show the quotation.32. The disadvantages of the news just with objectivity only? First, it pays too much attention to the clarity without considering the readers’ comprehension ability. Second, it neglects the journalists’ initiative.So, reporters often use interpretative way of writing which will make up all those disadvantages.33. The features of Political News First, it has a distinctive political flavor.Second, political news has the priority of the first page, which shows the importance of the news. Third, it should be reported in a much more timely way. Fourth, the journalist who would report the political news should be ready-witted, and what’s more, every details of doing the report should be elaborately planed.34. How to write news about laws and ethicsStick to the principle of objectiveness and fairnessDeal with each case on its merits of laws and ethics news of home and abroad.Know some professional knowledge in the fields of laws and ethics, and explaining them in an understandable way while doing some reporting.Add some example of cases in order to make the news more understandable. You can use quotations to add objectivenessand fairness or explain legalese in an understandable way.35. The features of financial news reportingFirst, it has a preference for short but strong words to lively express the story in a way of contrast in order to ad objectivity and credibility to the news.Besides using the word “increase”, words like “go up” “jump” are frequently used.Using abundant quantities of word s like “dip” “drop” “fall” to express the meaning of “decrease”. Second, use various ways of expressing to show the trend of economic development. Thus, it perfectly combined the dull figures and the useful information in a more attractive way.Make full use of comparative degrees and superlative degrees to provide the info.Use adjectives and adverbs to show the development levels in a proper way.Third, explaining the dull figures in a much more flexible way which makes the dull numbers more understandable.Use small data instead of large data.Use ways of contrast or comparison.Explain in an understandable way or use various figures of speech. Use approximate numbers in a flexible.Forth, proper using of idioms in order to meet the deadline of reporting,36. Qualifications of a good reporterAs it given by the Christian Science Monitor, a good reporter should be self-operating, productive, caring, versatile, exemplary, authoritative, expansive, supportive, visionary, sensitive, considerate, confident, distinctive, intuitive, teachable, selfless, responsible, active, paced and fully impelled. More accurately, given reasonable intelligence, most of the attributes of a successful reporter are acquired not inherited.A good reporter should:Aside from desire and ability to write for print——he should have insatiable curiosity.A flexible and social personality A nature that relishes a variety of experiencesA temperament to work under the pressure of deadlineA tolerance permitting objective observations of people and events A successful reporter also needs ambition, drive, determination, and most certainly, self-discipline. Reporters need to know how to gather facts for a story as well as how to write in a clear, accurate, fair and coherent style, so that readers can immediately understand the story.Every reporter should be a voracious reader, a collector of information about everything that is going on.It is important for reporters to know as much about the complete operation of the newspaper as possible——not only its editorial policies, but its business, technical and mechanical divisions as well. Reporters must know the characteristics of journalism as it is practiced not only at his or her newspaper, but also in the profession in general.A reporter needs to understand the unique role of a newspaper in society。

一篇英语新闻稿的赏析英语新闻无论是从结构方面还是从语言方面与国内的新闻相比都其自身的特点。

力求在有限的时间和有限的篇幅内传播尽可能多的信息。

这就要求新闻英语的文章结构和语言组织要做到短小精悍，言简意赅，重点突出。

下面以一篇英语新闻稿为例，进行对英语新闻的赏析。

Hundreds of people have been killed in a massive earthquake in Japan that triggered a devastating tsunami. The quake -- the most powerful to hit Japan in more than 100 years -- caused massive damage and many people are missing and feared dead.The 8.9 magnitude quake struck Friday off Japan's eastern coast, and prompted tsunami warnings across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast. The Red Cross warned that the 10-meter high tidal wave could wash over some small islands entirely.In Japan, the tsunami swept away boats, cars and hundreds of houses in coastal areas north of Tokyo.The quake shook buildings in the Japanese capital and caused several fires. All train and subway traffic in Tokyo has been stopped, and thousands of people there were unable to get back home.Authorities ordered the evacuation of about 3,000 people from the area around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant north of Tokyo. No radiation leaks were detected, but officials are concerned the reactor's core may overheat due to a system malfunction. A fire was also reported earlier in the turbine building of the Onagawa nuclear plant in Miyagi.Addressing the nation, Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the government would do everything it can to minimize the effects of the disaster. And in Washington, President Barack Obama said the United States is ready to help the people of Japan. The U.S. military in Japan has opened up the Yokota Air Base to some commercial flights diverted from Japanese airports.英语新闻消息中的倒金宇塔结构。

新闻英语文体与范文评析第三版The third edition of the "Analysis of English News Writing Style and Sample Essays" provides a comprehensive overview of the key features and conventions of news writing in English. This valuable resource offers insights into the structure, language, and style employed in effective news reporting, equipping writers and aspiring journalists with the necessary skills to craft compelling and informative news articles.One of the defining characteristics of news writing is its concise and objective approach. The third edition emphasizes the importance of delivering the most essential information to readers in a clear and straightforward manner. The authors stress the need for news articles to be written in a concise and efficient style, with a focus on the who, what, where, when, why, and how of the story. This ensures that readers can quickly grasp the core details and understand the significance of the news event being reported.The book also delves into the language and tone employed in news writing. It highlights the importance of using simple, everydaylanguage that is accessible to a wide audience. News articles should avoid overly technical jargon or complex sentence structures, instead opting for a conversational and easy-to-read style. The authors encourage writers to adopt a neutral and impartial tone, refraining from personal opinions or subjective commentary. This objectivity helps to maintain the credibility and trustworthiness of the news source, allowing readers to form their own conclusions based on the facts presented.Another key aspect of news writing covered in the third edition is the structure and organization of news articles. The book emphasizes the inverted pyramid style, where the most important information is presented at the beginning of the article, followed by increasingly detailed and supporting details. This structure ensures that readers can quickly grasp the core of the story, even if they do not read the entire article. The authors also discuss the use of clear and concise headlines, subheadings, and lead paragraphs to capture the reader's attention and provide a clear overview of the news story.The third edition also delves into the importance of thorough research and fact-checking in news writing. The authors stress the need for journalists to verify the accuracy of their information from reliable sources, and to present a balanced and fair representation of the events being reported. This attention to detail and accuracy is crucial in maintaining the credibility and trustworthiness of newssources, particularly in an era of misinformation and "fake news."Furthermore, the book explores the evolving landscape of news consumption and the impact of digital media on news writing. It acknowledges the growing importance of online and social media platforms, and the need for news articles to be optimized for digital readership. This includes considerations such as the use of multimedia elements, strategic formatting for mobile devices, and engaging storytelling techniques to capture the attention of modern readers.Throughout the third edition, the authors provide a wealth of sample news articles and essays, demonstrating the practical application of the principles and techniques discussed. These examples serve as valuable references for writers, helping them to identify and emulate the hallmarks of effective news writing. The diverse range of topics and writing styles covered in the sample essays also illustrates the versatility and adaptability of the news writing format.In conclusion, the third edition of "Analysis of English News Writing Style and Sample Essays" is an indispensable resource for anyone interested in the art of news writing. Its comprehensive coverage of the key elements of news writing, combined with the insightful analysis and practical examples, equips readers with the knowledge and skills necessary to craft engaging, informative, and credible newsarticles. Whether you are a seasoned journalist, an aspiring writer, or simply someone with a keen interest in the media, this book is a must-read for anyone seeking to master the craft of news writing in English.。

1.The function of headlines（标题的作用）A good headline is half the story.There are about four functions of headline.First,a good headline can better generalize the gist of a news story with the most specific,accurate,and concise words.With the guidance of terse headlines,readers who live a busy life can quickly get the news that attracts them.Second,sometimes the headline is used to make some comment and evaluation, exerting an effect of spin control.It is obliged to point out the real implication of news content based on summarization,and help the readers to comprehend and appreciate the contents in a valid way.Third,a good headline can be used to attract readers’eyeballs.Most time readers will choose to do selective skimming on the headlines—stop to finish what interests them and skip what looks wearisome.A marvelous headline is always eye-catching and fascinates readers deeply.Fourth,it beautifies the layout.A printed page filled with news articles without elaborate titles lacks unity and coherence.Delicate headlines,which appear in various form and typefaces,can make the whole layout more delightful and vigorous.Besides,headlines are also used to maintain the emotions containing in the news, set the tone for the whole article,suggest the importance of the news,enhance the appeal of newspapers and so on.2.Grammatical features of headlines/characteristics of headlinese（标题的语法特点）(1)Omission（省略）①WHY:Headlines were originally complete sentences.The reasons why omission is used in headlines can be summarized as two aspects.One is for the conciseness, terseness and briefness.The other is to stress the main points.②HOW:Some grammatical items and words,especially function words,are usually omitted in headlines.They might be omitted in the following ways.First,articles,such as“a”,“an”,and“the”are basically omitted in headlines.【2005简答题】E.g.China sees housing as(an)engine to drive(the)economy Second,the conjunction“and”is usually omitted and replaced with a comma.E.g.China,US warned of repeat of Cold War=China and US……Third,personal pronouns like“its”,“his”or“her”are always omitted in headlines.E.g.Volkswagen to increase(its)investment in ChinaFourth,linking verbs like“be”,“remain”or“appear”are usually omitted in headlines.E.g.Courses on practical skills(remains)popular with students Fifth,auxiliary verbs,such as“be”,“have”,“should”,etc.,are always omitted in headlines.E.g.Chinese civil servants(are)to be rotated to reduce graft③BUT:Sometimes,some of the above-mentioned grammatical components and function words are not omitted.Why?First,some idioms and phrase cannot be separated.E.g.TB on the rise again in LondonSecond,it is used to fill up the newspaper space so as to beatify the form of titles. For example,Four killed andfive hurtin a house fire(2)Tenses（时态）Aimed for conciseness,terseness and briefness,English headline has its own unique characteristics of tenses,which is different from that in the news body.There are three main verbal forms in English headlines.①The simple present tense.(E.g.Longevity star dies at110)In English headline writing,the present tense is used to describe past events.There are two reasons for that.First,it saves space.In headlines,how to economize the news hole is always a big concern.With the omission of“-ed”,which is the most common structure of past tense,the verb in the present tense is shorter in length than that in the past tense.Second,a present-tense headline emphasizes the timeliness of the news.It gives readers a sense of freshness and immediacy,as though they might feel that the event is happening right at this moment.BUT:The present tense can also be used to express something which is occurring or is about to occur.②The simple future tense.(E.g.Japan to help elderly jobless)When describe future happenings or possibilities,the form“be to do”is used more frequently than the future tense form“will do”.Usually,the“be”is often omitted to save space.Therefore,in English headlines,Verb+Infinitive can be used to indicate future actions directly.③The present continuous tense.(E.g.China’s tax collectors inching for inheritance tax)When some actions or events are ongoing,the form“be+V-ing”is adopted in headlines.However,the“be”is often omitted and the left“V-ing”is indication the event which is happening right now.(3)Voices（语态）①HOW:In a headline,the word“be”or“by”in the passive voice structure is often omitted,and the past participle is often used to express passivity directly.E.g.(the) Identities of hijack suspects(are)released②Why active voice is much more used than passive voice in headline writing? There are three reasons for that.First,active voice is considered more colorful and appealing in rhetoric and more forward and powerful in conveying meaning than passive voice.Second,it puts readers into action and gives them a sense of authenticity. Furthermore,it adds readability to the news headline and makes it catchy.Third,it saves space since the word“be”or“by”is omitted.③When to use passive voices in headlines?First,the passive voice is used when the action receiver is more important than the action executor.For example,the casualties of a plane crash or a fire disaster aremuch more urgent than the cause of it,thus passive voice can be used in these cases.Second,it is sometimes used to attract readers’attention,because the very beginning of the news headline coming into readers’recognition span draws more attention than the words hidden latter in the sentence.That is,the passive voice gives prominence to the action receiver to grab readers’eyes.(4)Punctuations（标点）①WHY:The reasons why punctuations are used in headlines can be summarized as two aspects.First,it is used to show the sense-group relations between different sentence components.For example,a dash is used to connect a quotation and its attribution.Second,it aims to further save space.For example,it is common practice to substitute a comma for“and”to fit the news hole.②Three kinds of common-used punctuations in headlines:A comma is always replaced by the conjunction word“and”.A dash is often placed behind quotations without quotation mark to introduce the attribution.E.g.Little anti-US feeling—diplomatA colon is often used in two conditions:First,it is used before a quotation,which is equivalent to the word“say”.E.g. Bush:US Vows to Cure Recessionary WoesSecond,it can be used as a substitute for linking verb“be”.E.g.Chinese acrobats:masters of stunts3.The language features of headline（标题的措辞特点）Aimed at summarizing the whole article with fewest words,a headline would prefer words which are clear in meaning and economical in space.There are seven respects:(1)Short words are abundantly used.①In English headlines,Anglo-Saxon monosyllables are often used to substitute long and big words.These midget words feature short length,single syllable,and broad implication.For example,“hit”,“harm”,“hurt”,“ruin”and“wreck”are more frequently chosen than“damage”.②WHY short words are abundantly used in headlines?There are three reasons for that.First,the more short words are used,the more understandable the headlines will be.They are called“synonyms of all work”for their vividness and liveliness.Second,short words can further save space since the news hole is a big concern in headline making.Third,these short words can spread widely and become exclusive in meanings when used in headlines.That will strengthen the communication effect.(2)Initials or acronyms of organizations,commonplace,professions and positions areoften met in headlines to better save space and enliven the ually,readers can find the details of these initials in the lead to catch the meaning.E.g.WTO, TOFEL,DINKS(3)Shortened words or abbreviations which can be recognized easily by readers areused a lot in headlines as well as in news bodies in order to save space.E.g.ad, biz,expo…(4)Journalistic coinages【2006简答题】which contain originality are used flexibly tosave time and space.In news writing,linguistic deviation and coining can make up the defects that regular words cannot express the specific meaning of certain information.Journalistic coinage mainly includes two forms,which are lexical deviation（词汇变异）and spelling deviation（拼写变异）.Generally,two or more words leaving out several syllables are often combined into one word in practice to impress readers.E.g.stagflation,smog…(Merits of journalistic coinage:time& space-saving;impressive and catchy;original)(5)Foreign words or loanwords are adopted,as appropriate,to meet the psychologicalneeds of readers,especially young readers to seek something new and special. (6)The wording of English headlines,which includes the denotation,the color,thetheme and rhyme of headlines,often reflect the editor’s stand and attitude as well as his subjective consciousness to certain news event.(7)Sometimes witticism and puns are used in headlines to entertain readers.E.g.Onlyhalf of Poles go to polls4.Different styles/forms of typefaces（标题的字体形式）America/Canada:Capitalize the first alphabet of every notional word.England:Capitalize the first alphabet of the first word in a headline.The Commonwealth and Hong Kong adopt this style.China Daily adopts it too. Exception:New York Times—capitalize every alphabet to beautify the edition.5.Different forms/patterns/format/layout of headlines（标题的编排形式）【2009简答题】(1)Multi-deck headA multi-deck head includes a main head,an eyebrow head or kicker,and a deck. The New York Times adopts this type of headline,which is more effort-exerting and time-consuming.(2)One-deck headOne-deck head refers to the pattern that a main head without eyebrow head (kicker)or deck.One-deck head is much more used than multi-deck head,because it is much easier and faster to make,as well as save space for more news.There are eight common styles of one-deck head.①Flush-left head（左侧齐列式）It is the most common form in modern newspaper.In this style,every line of the headline is aligned along the left margin or gutter without considering the margin on the right.There is no stringent limit in the word number of headlines so that it is easier and faster to design.E.g.50th PearlHarbouranniversaryobserved②Dropline head/Indented head（阶梯式）This kind of headline is always made up of two or three lines with the top line flush-left and succeeding lines indented to the right.It has stringent criteria in the length of every line,which is quite effort-exerting and time-consuming.E.g.Dying man hitin liquor fight,police believe③Crossline/Keyline（单行式）It is the most traditional headline form which is arranged in one single line.Since it saves time and effort,it is popular in modern newspaper.However,it is usually used for short and less important news.E.g.Writers lose‘iron rice bowl’④Centred head（中心式）Centred head often consists of three lines,with the first and the third line equal in length,and the middle line in the centre.E.g.Twin babiesdieof pneumonia⑤Inverted pyramid form（倒金字塔式）It usually consists of three to four lines with each line shortened in length from top to the bottom.It is pleasant in viewing but time/effort-consuming so that a few newspapers would adopt it.E.g.Birth control plansfor worldurged⑥Banner head/Streamer（通栏标题）It runs across the whole printed page and all columns to strengthen the most important news event.It is usually one line with words in black and bold typefaces so as to catch readers’eyes.E.g.Reunification’s new milestone⑦Jump head（转页标题）Sometimes news stories are written on two pages.In this case,another headline should be added to continue the unfinished article in the other news page.⑧Boxed head（加框标题）It refers to a pattern that adding printed square or rectangle around headlines. E.g.Earthquake kills hundreds in Iran6.The main differences between Chinese headlines and English headlines.（中英文标题的主要区别）There are five main differences.(1)First,Chinese headlines usually provide more information than English heads.①Chinese headlines often adopt multi-deck heads,and if the main head cannot provide all facts that are needed,the deck will do the job.②Chinese characters take up equal and little space,while English letters don’t.As a result,Chinese heads tend to be like mini-stories in capsule form that stress the “totality”,while English heads accentuate on certain important factors of news.(2)Second,they are different in wording.①English heads hardly begin a headline with a verb while Chinese heads prefer to do so.②There are abundant use of short words in English headlines in order to save space. Chinese editors need not to follow that rule because every Chinese character takes up equal space.③Sticking to the ABC principle(accuracy,brevity and clarity),the press seldom use adjectives or adverbs in English heads in order to obtain terseness and objectiveness. However,one can easily grasp a piece of Chinese news with adjectives and adverbs in the headline.(3)Third,they differ in tenses.English heads often use present tense,which has been called“historical present tense”, to present past events,avoiding time-indicating words like“yesterday”or“last night”. However,without tense variation,Chinese heads prefer to use them to indicate the temporal relations.(4)Fourth,they are also dissimilar in word layout.English headlines are hardly laid in vertical form but there is not such limit in Chinese headlines.Generally,English headlines can only be laid in horizontal form.(5)Last,there are a few differences in punctuations.For instance,people use single quotation marks in English headlines but double quotation marks in Chinese headlines.In brief,the differences between Chinese heads and English heads mainly come from profound culture backgrounds and linguistic characteristics of two entirely different languages.7.News value determiners/determinants（新闻价值的要素）【2008、2011简答】(1)Timeliness and freshness（时效性和新鲜感）Timeliness and freshness strengthen a news story.News of the latest happenings is reported;news is the report of latest happenings.The more recent the event or situation is,the more likely it is to be newsworthy.Filled up with stale news/old lore,a publication will lose its readership.(2)Importance/Consequence/Impact/Significance（重要性）Something which has great effect on current social life may arouse readers’interest and attract people’s attention.(3)Prominence/Eminence（显著性）Names make news.In a piece of news,if well-known people or places are involved,the news will be more newsworthy.The more famous the newsmakers, spots and events are,the more attractive the piece of news will be.(4)Nearness/Proximity/Locality（接近性）Things happen nearby are usually more newsworthy than those happen elsewhere.Events close to home are naturally of interest to the news media.The news should be relevant to local readers,both geographically and psychologically.(5)Unusualness/Bizarreness/Oddity/Novelty（奇异性）Bizarreness strengthens the readability to news and arouses readers’interest.“When a dog bites a man,that’s not news;but when a man bites a dog,that’s news.”However,the yellow journalism should not be abused in news reporting.(6)Human interest（趣味性/人情味）①Human interest stories often have universal appeal to the emotion of readers, pulling them into the lives of others or into subjects of broad concern.②Human interest includes something relevant to some of these facts:crime, morals and ethics,population,life,marriage,family,money,sex,friendship,love and emotion.③Some journalistic scholars claim that human interest is the touchstone of news value.But aside of the things the public are interested in,the interest should reflect the truth,kindness and beautifulness.(7)Conflict（冲突性）Stories which involve people,governmental bodies or sports teams are often considered newsworthy.8.News classification（新闻分类）News report can be classified by six criteria.(1)By media（传播工具）newspaper coverage,magazine coverage,picture/photo news,radio news,TV news, cable(TV)news,dispatches,Internet/web news(2)By regions where events happened（事发地域）world news,home news,local news(3)By news content（报道内容）political news,economic news,technological news,cultural and entertainment news, military news,sports news,legal news,violence and crime news,disaster news, weather news(4)By the nature of news（事件性质）hard news/pure news/spot news/straight news&soft news(5)By the happening state（事发状态）follow-up news,breaking news,general news,round-up news(6)By types of news（新闻体裁）news reporting,feature articles,commentaries and columns,interpretive reporting, investigative reporting,new journalism/literary journalism,skit/essay,picture news 9.Hard news&soft news(1)Definition:①Hard news is also called“spot news”or“straight news”.It refers to events that are timely and are reported almost automatically by news media.With serious and objective subjects,they are considered immediately important to a wide range of audiences.It is marked by the timeliness and freshness.It adds no analysis on the news and has much of the character of factualness.Hard news stories usually begin with a summary lead—a terse opening paragraph that provides the gist of the story and invites readers inside.A speech by a ranking official or a report of a fire rage is example.②Soft news refers to events that are usually considered not immediately important or timely to a wide audiences.However,these events still contain elements of news that merit coverage,so the media often report them.Soft news has much of the character of entertainment and appeals to emotions of readers.Their subjects may seem obsolete or of no importance,but with great human interest.A car wash by fourth-graders to raise money for a classmate with cancer might be covered as soft news,for instance.(2)Differences:【2008简答题】First,their subjects are not the same.Hard news is usually objective reports of facts with serious subjects,while soft news is kind of social news report,whose subjects may seem obsolete,or of no importance but with great human interest.Second,hard news presents the six primary elements of an event to the readers, while soft news usually interprets an occurrence,a trend or a personality.Third,hard news is written in a simple,straight-forward way while soft news depicts the person or thing in a light and lively style with narrative.Fourth,hard news often adopts inverted pyramid form while soft news is often composed in pyramid style.10.Basic structures of news reporting（消息的基本结构）(1)Inverted pyramid form【2013年初试简答题，2007、2010年复试笔试题】①Definition:Inverted pyramid style is a traditional writing form in which the key facts of the story are put in the opening paragraph,and then the news is stacked/arranged in the following paragraphs in order of descending importance.②Structure:The lead summarized the most essential elements telling who,what,when,where, why and how of the story.The second paragraph and each succeeding paragraph contain secondary or supporting details in order of descending significance.All the paragraphs in the story contain newsworthy information,but each paragraph is less vital than the one before it.Inverted pyramid form puts the climax of a story at the beginning,in the lead, and so it is different from a form often used for novels,short stories and drama—and for some news features—in which an author begins with background and works to a climax.③Advantages/Functions:First,it is convenient for journalists to write news.With this form,journalists can distribute news dispatches at any time without missing any of the principle items to meet the deadline.Second,it is convenient for editors to select manuscripts and make headlines. Since the climax is put at the beginning,editors can trim the news from the bottom to fit it to the tight news hole and not sacrifice any key elements.Third,this form makes it easy for readers to follow.Readers can grasp news of the day conveniently by skimming the lead paragraphs if they don’t have much time for the details.It allows readers to decide whether they want to continue reading a story or leaves it after any of its paragraphs.④Disadvantages:First,it repeats the key points of a news story from the lead paragraphs to the body part,which may make readers bored of reading on.Second,the writing is not tightly organized and fully deployed.It prevents the news story from flowing smoothly and developing chronologically.Readers have to leap their minds incessantly from paragraph to paragraph.Third,there is a lack of“suspense interest”in this form.It’s seldom used in soft news because it is less competitive to hold readers’curiosity till the end.Fourth,this form is ill-timed for present needs.Confronted with electronic media, timeliness and freshness are no longer the strong points of newspaper—readers can get them easily from broadcast,television and Internet.It is better for reporters to adopt pyramid form or hourglass form when the materials are complex and have deep human touch so as to add readability and suspense interest.(2)Pyramid form(Chronological style)①Definition:Pyramid form is a kind of news reporting structure in which the story is arranged in chronological order.It is usually composed of three parts,which are beginning, body and ending.To write a piece of news in pyramid form,a beginning is given first and events are written in time sequence.Generally,the beginning of pyramid form is not considered as a“lead”,because it doesn’t contain much important facts.②Advantages:First,it keeps the story as a whole and integrated one so that the story flows smoothly and naturally to the climax.Second,it adds“suspense interest”to the story and makes the following story intriguing.Writers can take advantages of narrative and descriptive writing so that the story might flow better and keeps readers involved.That makes pyramid style a preference to soft news reporting.③Disadvantages:The pyramid form is not suitable for hard news writing since its story is loosely organized.(3)Hourglass form/style(Mixed form of inverted pyramid and pyramid style)①Definition:Hourglass form is a kind of structures in which the writer begins the story with a summary lead or provides the major news in the first few paragraphs of the story.The paragraphs are written in order of descending importance,as in an inverted pyramid. Then the writer uses a turn,a transitional paragraph to introduce a chronology of the events of the story.After the turn,the rest of the details of the story are told in chronological order.Generally,hourglass form is often adopted in a story that has a succession of events,such as a trial,a meeting or a police or fire story.②Advantages:First,it has advantages of both inverted pyramid form and pyramid form. Important news facts are presented high in the story.Readers can digest it easily because the most important information is repeated in the narrative way.Second,unlike the top-heavy inverted pyramid form,it has a balanced structure with a beginning of a summary lead and an intriguing end.It keeps the readers’interests,leading up to a real conclusion.Third,it discourages the editors from slashing the body from the bottom.In sum,hourglass is a way of reconciling two essential values for the writer.That is,getting the news high up and not wasting the readers’time,and telling a good story in a narrative style.(4)List technique①Definition:The list technique is often adopted when faced with news which contains more than one fact,neither successively or synchronously.This form is especially pertinent for report on government conferences or event which contains great significance,such as the Olympic Games and international summit.②Structure:Writers often begin their stories with a summary lead,and then insert some supporting materials to supplement the lead,and finally make the key facts detailed by listing them in sequence.Journalists of investigative reporting prefer using this form to make a detailed list of their investigation results.③BUT:A news report should contain less than five lists.What’s more,every list item should be formed as a single paragraph except the last one,which can be made a little longer.(5)Wall Street journal formulaIn terms of writing structure,this form consists of four parts.First,it focuses on individual.The story of newsmaker is brought up at the beginning.Second,transition from newsmaker to news is adopted to present the real news in front of readers.Third,development on news revolving around the subject/topic is unfolded before readers’eyes intensively and gradually.Fourth,returning to opening focus to reveal the deep relations between newsmaker and news topic so that it echoes the beginning.(6)Circle style①Definition:It is another popular writing form,particularly for feature stories,which writers call it “writing in a circle”or“coming full circle.”In this form,a writer begins with a scene built around an event or key source.Descriptive writing draws readers into the story.②Advantages:Writing in a circle is an effective alternative to the inverted pyramid because it helps simplify a complex story for readers and makes it human.Other advantages include:·The writer can use narrative and descriptive writing.·Readers can attach to a key source and feel as though the story is about the source as well as a broader topic.·The style is not top heavy like an inverted pyramid.·The story flows better and keeps readers involved.·The circle is more effective storytelling and can keep readers interested until the end.·Editors cannot slash the story from the bottom.11.Main forms of news reporting（消息的报道形式）(1)Single event coverage（单一事件报道）①Definition:Singe event coverage is the most basic and common form that concentrates on certain news event or newsmaker.The length of single event coverage varies according to the actual necessity.It can be as short as one hundred words,which is called“briefs”,or as long as several thousand words.In general,it is often a news report of approximately300words.②Advantages:First,it is terse and concise so that the key facts can be apprehended by readers at a glance.As a result,it is popular with readers who don’t have much time to do close reading.Second,it broadens the coverage with the short length but various report angles. What’s more,the contributions can be taken full advantages of in this form.Third,it enlivens the whole layout when tied in with some big news.Fourth,it stresses the timeliness so that readers can get the latest happenings from home and abroad.③Disadvantages:Even with a big capacity of reporting,it cannot reflect the overall situation,the backgrounds,and every aspect of a news event.(2)Roundups（综合报道）①Definition:Aimed at reflecting the overall situation on certain period,event or issue,a roundup combines side stories and materials of certain news event and put the newsmaker into perspective from all respects.The subjects of roundups tend to be some important event that has a large scope of influence,or an intricate and complex plot.The form of roundups is so various that it can be presented flexibly both in types and layouts on newspapers.②Basic features/characteristics:First,it reports not only one event in one certain place,but also consists of different facts that may happen in different time or place but with the same content.Second,it is less timely and urgent than single news coverage except the roundups on emergency incidents.Third,it can add visual punch to the report and make it convenient for modern people’s reading habit so as to make English newspapers more attractive for readers.Fourth,unlike breaking news stories,roundups require sufficient materials and thorough investigations to better organize a news story.Fifth,when organizing a roundup,journalists with different qualities can exercise their talents and make full use of press personnel resources.Sixth,it is an indispensible way for editors to synthesize the contributions, broaden the coverage,and increase the utilization of manuscripts.③Classification:·horizontal roundups（横向性综合报道）It refers to a form in which events with a certain subject are placed together though they may happen at different time and spot.Roundups of traffic accidents with a certain period or overview on world circumstance of this year belong to this kind.·vertical roundups（纵向性综合报道）It reports one significant event with materials from different but relevant sources so as to give readers a panorama of the event.④Writing features/Characteristics:First,the news contents that a roundup is about should have the same topic,that is,they should have similarities to some degrees.Second,the balance issue of news contents should be considered when organizing the story.The opinions presented in the news are not necessarily to be identical,so reporters should organize their stories from different aspects and angles.Third,the news contents should be as abundant as possible so that more information can be provided to attract readers.⑤Advantages&Disadvantages:Aimed at reflecting the overall situation,it covers a wide range of relative events which provides readers an integrated impression on certain problem.However,it lacks timeliness and freshness.⑥ATTENTION:The information carried in each paragraph should not overlap with each other.。