英语语法中的主谓一致
- 格式:doc
- 大小:62.00 KB
- 文档页数:12
语法中的主谓一致原则详解主谓一致是语法中的一个重要原则,在句子结构中起到保持语法逻辑性和句子准确性的作用。
它要求主语和谓语在人称、数和人称上保持一致。
本文将详细解释主谓一致原则,并通过多个实例进行说明。
在英语语法中,主谓一致是一个基本准则。
它要求主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
具体来说,如果主语是单数,那么谓语也必须是单数形式;如果主语是复数,那么谓语也必须是复数形式。
这样做可以使句子更加清晰、准确,避免产生歧义。
下面是一些例子来解释主谓一致原则。
例子一:正确:The dog barks.在这个例子中,主语 "The dog" 是单数形式,而谓语 "barks" 也是单数形式,它们在人称和数上保持一致。
例子二:正确:The dogs bark.在这个例子中,主语 "The dogs" 是复数形式,而谓语 "bark" 也是复数形式,它们在人称和数上保持一致。
例子三:正确:He runs every morning.在这个例子中,主语 "He" 是单数形式,而谓语 "runs" 也是单数形式,它们在人称和数上保持一致。
例子四:正确:They run every morning.在这个例子中,主语 "They" 是复数形式,而谓语 "run" 也是复数形式,它们在人称和数上保持一致。
通过这些例子,我们可以看到主谓一致的原则运用在不同类型的句子中。
无论是肯定句、疑问句还是否定句,主谓一致原则都需要被遵守。
除了人称和数,还有其他因素也会影响主谓一致的运用,比如连接词和修饰词。
例子五:正确:Either the cat or the dog is responsible for the mess.在这个例子中,主语 "Either the cat or the dog" 是单数形式,而谓语"is" 也是单数形式,两者在人称和数上保持一致。
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
(1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致1.And(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every,each……and……each,no……and……no, many a……and……many a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.(5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数What he says and does do not agree.(言行不一致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。
英语语法总结主谓一致英语语法总结主谓一致总结就是对一个时期的学习、工作或其完成情况进行一次全面系统的回顾和分析的书面材料,它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力,让我们一起来学习写总结吧。
那么总结要注意有什么内容呢?下面是店铺整理的英语语法总结主谓一致,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
英语语法总结主谓一致11.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时,谓语动词用单数。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都来了。
Each of the boys has an apple.2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.3. 主语是:时间,距离,价格等名词,即使是复数形式,谓语动词只用单数。
Three years passes quickly.Two meters is not long enough.4.主语是:clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时,谓语动词用复数。
The trousers are not expensive.Your socks are over there.5.主语是:family, class, team, group等名词时,如果是作为整体,谓语动词用单数;如果作为其中一个个的成员,谓语动词用复数。
英语语法原则主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则是指形式一致原则,意义一致原则,临近一致原则,小编在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。
1. 形式一致的原则一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:如:(1) He likes skating in winter.他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如 boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
英语语法之主谓⼀致总结英语语法之主谓⼀致总结 总结就是把⼀个时段的学习、⼯作或其完成情况进⾏⼀次全⾯系统的总结,它能够使头脑更加清醒,⽬标更加明确,让我们好好写⼀份总结吧。
总结怎么写才不会千篇⼀律呢?下⾯是⼩编帮⼤家整理的英语语法之主谓⼀致总结,仅供参考,⼤家⼀起来看看吧。
英语语法之主谓⼀致总结1 1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语 谓语动词的数通常⽤单数(即遵循语法⼀致的原则): Many a child was playing there. 很多⼩孩在那⼉玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不⽌⼀个学⽣考试未及格。
2. each ⽤于复数名词后作同位语 此时谓语动词⽤复数: They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每⼈都有⼀本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻⼈个个背着⼀个⼤袋⼦。
3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词 其后的动词形式取决介词前主语: Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树⽊之外什么也看不见。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我⽗母外没⼈知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
4. means作主语 名词means(⽅法)单数与复数同形,⽤作主语时,其谓语的单复数要视具体含义⽽定(尤其注意其前的修饰语): These means are very good. 这些⽅法很好。
英语主谓一致一般说来,谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致,即主谓一致。
主谓一致涉及三个方面:语法上一致,意义上一致,就近一致。
一、语法上一致1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时,谓语通常用单数。
Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod one’s head means agreement. What they said is true.2 and连接主语时,注意以下几点:1)由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数,但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人,同一物,同一事,同一概念时谓语用单数。
Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。
Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village.3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时,谓语用复数。
Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.4) 不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时,谓语用单数。
Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain.5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词,谓语用复数,如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。
主谓一致语法总结主谓一致有三种一致原则,即:一. 语法一致;二. 概念一致(语言内容上一致);三. 相邻一致(就近原则)。
具体讲解:一. 语法一致;1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。
复数主语,用and 或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。
例如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。
2、当如下词或短语,如:as well as/with/along with/like/ together with/ rather than/except but/including/ accompanied by/ plus/besides/in addition to/no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的。
The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。
3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中做主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。
这类代词有:either,neither,each one, the other ,another,somebody ,someone,something,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,everybody,no one,nothing ,nobody;例如:Neither likes the friends of the other.两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。
什么是主谓一致?主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)是指在句子中,主语和谓语动词之间必须在人称和数上保持一致。
这意味着如果主语是单数,谓语动词也必须是单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词也必须是复数形式。
主谓一致的规则如下:1. 一般情况下,当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it)时,谓语动词要加上-s或-es。
- He likes to play soccer.(他喜欢踢足球。
)- She sings beautifully.(她唱得很好听。
)- The cat sleeps on the couch.(猫在沙发上睡觉。
)2. 当主语是非第三人称单数(I、you、we、they)时,谓语动词保持原形。
- I like to read books.(我喜欢读书。
)- You are my best friend.(你是我最好的朋友。
)- We play soccer every Sunday.(我们每个星期天踢足球。
)3. 当主语是复数形式时,谓语动词保持原形。
- The students study hard for the exam.(学生们为了考试努力学习。
)- Dogs bark loudly.(狗叫得很大声。
)需要注意的是,有些特殊情况需要特殊处理:1. 当主语是由单数名词短语组成时,谓语动词的形式与名词短语中的主要名词保持一致。
- The book on the table belongs to me.(桌子上的书是我的。
)- The girl with the red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。
)2. 当主语是由复数名词短语组成时,谓语动词的形式与名词短语中的主要名词保持一致。
- The books on the table belong to me.(桌子上的书是我的。
)- The girls with the red dresses are my sisters.(穿红裙子的那些女孩是我的姐妹。
主谓一致的规则与注意点在英语语法中,主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上相互匹配的规则。
正确的主谓一致可以使句子更加通顺,准确地传达出所要表达的意思。
本文将介绍主谓一致的规则和注意点,并给出一些相关的例子。
一、一般情况下的主谓一致规则1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词一致:- The dog barks loudly.(这只狗吠叫得很大声。
)- My friend likes to read books.(我的朋友喜欢读书。
)2. 复数主语与复数谓语动词一致:- The birds fly south for the winter.(鸟儿们为了过冬飞向南方。
) - My parents are doctors.(我父母是医生。
)3. 不可数名词作为主语时,用单数谓语动词:- Physics is an interesting subject.(物理是一门有趣的科目。
)- Sugar tastes sweet.(糖的味道甜。
)4. 使用there is/are句型时,谓语动词与后面的主语一致:- There is a cat on the roof.(屋顶上有一只猫。
)- There are many books on the shelf.(书架上有很多书。
)二、特殊情况下的主谓一致规则1. 当主语由“each”, “every”, “either”, “neither”等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式:- Each student needs to bring their own pen.(每个学生都需要带上自己的钢笔。
)- Neither of them is available tomorrow.(他们中的任何一个明天都不可用。
)2. 当主语由“either...or”, “neither...nor”, “not only...but also”等连接时,谓语动词与最靠近的主语一致:- Either the cat or the dogs are sleeping.(要么猫要么狗正在睡觉。
英语语法中的主谓一致问题第二讲英语中的一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性、时等方面保持一致的协调关系。
1。
人称一致:1)主语与谓语动词之间:除动词be有不同的人称形式以及have有特殊的单数第三人称现在时has外,其他动词只有单数第三人称现在时加-s/-es,其余的人称在动词形式上并无特殊的标记。
2)名词或代词与用以代替这个名词或代词的代词之间,如:The boy is here and he is a pupil.She did this herself.2。
数的一致:1)主语和谓语之间,如:The girl sings.The girls sing.2) 名词或代词与用以代替这个名词或代词的代词之间, 如:The boy has lost his own toy.We love our motherland.3)名词与它的限定词之间,如:one boy, this boy, these boys, many boys…4)主语与主语补足语之间,如:He is a bright pupil.They are Englishmen.5)宾语与宾语补足语之间,如:I consider my child an angel.I consider my children angels.3。
性的一致:这种形式的一致主要存在于名词或代词与第三人称的人称代词或物主代词之间,如:The boy is here. He is a student, but his father is an engineer.4。
时的一致:这主要是指主从复合句中主句谓语动词的时与作为宾语从句的间接引语中谓语动词的时的一致。
如:He says he understands us.He said he understood us.数的一致人称、格、性的一致比较简单,重点注意数的一致。
数的一致涉及到三个基本的指导原则:1)语法一致Grammatical concord,指谓语动词和主语在单复数形式上的一致。
The girl speaks English.2)意义一致Notional concord,即谓语动词的单数或复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面的语法标记。
如:My family are well.3)邻近原则Principle of proximity,即指谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。
关系从句中的谓语动词1.在“one of +名词(复数)+关系从句”中的单复数, 关系从句中的谓语动词常采用复数形式。
通常依照语法一致原则【例如】She is one of the students who have passed Band Six.This is one of the best books that have been published recently.【例如】She is the only one of the girls who is chosen as the member of student union.He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.This is the one of the books on the subject that has ever been written in Chinese.2.[注]在“代词+定语从句”中,从句中的谓语人称,性,数要与被修饰的代词保持一致Each one of us who are for the proposal is supported to come here tomorrow.I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.谓语动词常用单数的情况1)名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
【例如】T o finish the work in advance is what he wants.Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your healthWhat seems easy in theory is difficult in practice.What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 但是,what引导名词从句作主语时,其表语是复数形式时,系动词也可以是复数形式。
【例如】What we badly need here are qualified teachers.2)当主语是单数,后面跟着由as well as, no less than ,rather than, more than, but, except, including,besides,with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, instead of ,plus, combined with, accompanied by, as much as,等连接的短语时,谓语动词用单数。
【例如】Mary as well as her sister likes listening to music.Doctor Richards, together with his wife and three children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight.My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.3) many a…或many a …and…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
【例如】Many a student doesn't like to do their homework.(many a student=many students)More than one person was involved in the case.Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.4)##### and所连接的两个单数名词作主语,指同一人、同一件事或同一概念时,其谓语动词用单数。
例如:My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.Bread, butter and eggs is typical American Breakfast .If law and rule is not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.如果不能维持治安,公民和他的财产都不安全。
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.常用的该类短语:a cart and horse马车a cup and saucer一套杯碟cause and effect因果a wheel and axle轮轴law and order法律与秩序the needle and thread针线5)####and所连接的两个单数名词作主语,指不同一人、不同一件事或不同一概念时,其谓语动词用复数。
例如:The teacher and his pupils are invited to the English corner.The bread and the butter are on sale.6)当and连接的名词前有each ,every修饰时,谓语动词用单数6).1当主语是each…and(each)…,every…and (every)…, no…and (no)…,结构时,谓语动词用单数。
In our country every boy and girl has right to receive education.No teacher and no student is present.6) .2[注]但并列主语后加each(在此处作同位语),谓语仍用复数,Mary and T om each have their own bedroom.玛和汤都有各自的寝室。
7)当不定代词all (of), most (of),some (of),any (of)以及“分数+of”等做主语时,谓语动词要根据代词所表达的意思而定,如果它们后跟名词复数谓语动词用复数形式,若跟不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式A variety of students are busy doing their exercises in the reading room.Three-tenths of the earthwork is moved by machinery.Most of the information on the report is correct.Some of the rice ______ .[a] has been spoiled [b]were spoiled[c]have been spoiled [d ]are spoiled8)事件、公司机构、国名、书名、剧名、报刊名的复名词等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
带有复数词尾的学科名称等在意义是表示单数概念,用单数动词。
【例如】The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark T wain and it is an interesting book. The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace.The Daily News says it is going to rain tomorrow.谓语动词用复数的情况1) both, some, few, many等用作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数。
2)“the +形容词”作主语,在表示一类人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。
【例如】 the young; the sick; the dumb; the deaf;the blind; the weak;The young are full of vigor.The aged are well taken care of by the government.The poor are often looked down upon by the rich.[注]但当定冠词“The+形容词或分词”表示抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。