计算机网络(第四版)课后习题(英文)+习题答案(中英文)
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----- COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 8. A collection of five routers is to be conn ected in a poi nt-to-poi nt sub net.
Collected and Modified By Yan Zhe nXing, Mail To: Betwee n each pair of routers, the desig ners may put a high-speed line,
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Classify: E aEasy, M ^Middle, H Hard , DaDelete
Gree n: Importa nt Red: Master Blue: VI Others:Know Grey:
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ML V
Chapter 1 In troductio nProblems
2. An alter native to a LAN is simply a big timeshari ng system with termi nals for
all users. Give two adva ntages of a clie nt-server system using a LAN.(M)
使用局域网模型可以容易地增加节点。
如果局域网只是一条长的电缆,且不会因个别的失效而崩溃 ( 例如采用镜像
服务 -------------------------------------------
器)的情况下,使用局域网模型会更便宜。
使用局域网可提供更多的计算能力和更好交互式接口。
3. The performa nee of a clie nt-server system is in flue need by two n etwork factors:
the ban dwidth of the n etwork (how many bits/sec it can tra nsport) and the late ncy
(how many sec onds it takes for the first bit to get from the clie nt to the server). Give an example of a n etwork that exhibits high ban dwidth and high late ncy. Then give an
example of one with low ban dwidth and low late ncy.(E)
横贯大陆的光纤连接可以有很多千兆位 /秒带宽, 但是由于光速度传送要越过数
千公里,时延将也高。
相反,使用56 kbps调制解调器呼叫在同一大楼内的计算机则有低带宽和较低的
时延。
4. Besides ban dwidth and late ncy, what other parameter is n eeded to give a good
characterization of the quality of service offered by a network used for digitized
voice traffic?(M)
声音的传输需要相应的固定时间,因此网络时隙数量是很重要的。传输时间可以
用标准偏差方式表示。实际上,短延迟但是大变化性比更长的延迟和低变化性更
糟。 _____________ __________________________________________________________________________________
6. A clie nt-server system uses a satellite n etwork, with the satellite at a height of ______________________________________
40,000 km. What is the best-case delay in resp onse to a request?(E)
由于请求和应答都必须通过卫星,因此传输总路径长度为 160,000千米。在空气
和真空中的光速为 300,000 公里/秒, 因此最佳的传播延迟为
160,000/300,000 medium-speed line, a low-speed line, or no line. If it takes 100 ms of computer time 但 what is the principal differenee between connectionless communication and
to gen erate and in spect each topology, how long will it take to in spect all of connection-orie nted com muni cati on? (E) them?(E)
将路由器称为A , B, C, D 和E.
则有 10 条可能的线路;AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD, CE,和 DE
每条线路有4 种可能性(3 速度或者不是线路),拓扑的总数为
410 = 1,048,576。
检查每个拓扑需要 100 ms,全部检查总共需要 104,857. 6秒,或者稍微超过 29
个小时。
9. A group of 2 n - 1 routers are interconnected in a centralized binary tree, with a router at each tree no de. Router i com muni cates with router j by sending a message to the
root of the tree. The root the n sends the message back dow n to j. Derive an approximate expressi on for the mean nu mber of hops per message for large n, assuming that all
router pairs are equally likely.(H)
这意味着,从路由器到路由器的路径长度相当于路由器到根的两倍。 若在树
中,
根深度为1,深度为n,从根到第n层需要n-1跳,在该层的路由器为 0.50。
从根到n-1层的路径有router的0.25和n-2跳步。 因此,路径长度l
为:
l = 0.5*(n-1)+0.25*(n-2)+0.125*(n- 3)……
结果化简为l = n — 2,平均路由路径为 2n -4。
10. A disadva ntage of a broadcast sub net is the capacity wasted whe n multiple hosts attempt to access the cha nnel at the same time. As a simplistic example, suppose that
time is divided into discrete slots, with each of the n hosts attempting to use the cha nnel with probability p duri ng each slot. What fract ion of the slots are wasted due to collisi
on s?(H)
区分n-2事件。事件1到n由主机成功地、没有冲突地使用这条信道的事件组 成。 这些可能性的事件的概率为 p(1 — p)n-1。事件n+1是一个空闲的信道,其概率
为(1- p)n。事件n+2是一个冲突。由于事件 n+2互斥,它们可能发生的事件必须 统 一合计。冲突的可能性等于那些小部分的槽的浪费,只是
1— n p(1 — p广—(1 — p)n
11. What are two reasons for using layered protocols?(M)
通过协议分层可以把设计问题划分成较小的易于处理的片段
分层意味着某一层的协议的改变不会影响高层或低层的协议主要的区别有两条。
其一:面向连接通信分为三个阶段,第一是建立连接,在此阶段,发出一个建立 连接的请求。第二阶段,只有在连接成功建立之后,保持连接状态,才能开始数据 传输。第三阶段,当数据传输完毕,必须释放连接。而无连接通信没有这么多阶 段,
它直接进行数据传输。 其二:面向连接的通信具有数据的保序性, 而无连接的通信不能保证接收数据
的
顺序与发送数据的顺序一致。
17. In some n etworks, the data link layer han dies tra nsmissi on errors by request
ng damaged frames to be retra nsmitted. If the probability of a frame's bei ng14. Two n etworks each provide reliable conn ecti on-orie nted service. One of them offers a reliable byte stream and the other offers a reliable message stream. Are these ide
ntical? If so, why is the disti ncti on made? If not, give an example of how they differ.(E)
不相同。在报文流中,网络保持对报文边界的跟踪;而在字节流中,网络不做这 样的跟踪。例如,一个进程向一条连接写了 1024 字节,稍
后又写了另外1024 字节。
那么接收方共读了 2048 字节。对于报文流,接受方将得到两个报文。每个报
文 1024
字节。而对于字节流,报文边界不被识别。接收方把全部的 2048个字节当作一
个
整体,在此已经体现不出原先有两个报文的事实。
15. What does ''negotiation" mean when discussing network protocols? Give an
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