英语一般过去时
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一般过去式The past Indefinite tense
1.概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;
2.时间状语:
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year, night,
month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a
time(很久以前), etc.
3.基本结构:
be动词;行为动词的过去式
4.否定形式:
was/were+not ; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:
She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
一般过去时表示
(1)过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
句式:主语+过去动词+其他
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。
(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.
他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。
(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in
1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
一般过去时的基本用法
1 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the
old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
Did you have a party the other day? 前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
雷锋是个好战士。
注意:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
2 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时
这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作
常与always,never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
比较
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.
彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
He used to drink.
他过去喝酒。(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
比较:
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作)
5 有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时
I didn't know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.) I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
主动:
肯定① be 分为was, were ② v+ed
否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v
疑问① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
时间状语:
1. yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening)
2. the day before yesterday
3. last night (week, Sunday, weekend, month, winter, year, century 世纪)
4. ago
5.in 1980 (过去年份)
6.this morning/afternoon/evening
7.when引导的状语从句 (过去)
8.in the past
9.just now
10.the other day -- a few days ago
11.at the age of 10 (过去年龄段)
12.in the old days
动词过去式规则变化
1 直接+ed eg :work worked ,
2 以不发音的e结尾的,+d eg:live lived ,
3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+ed eg:study stuied ,
4 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed eg: stop stopped ,
不规则变化
例如相等 eg:cut cut read read sit sat
句型结构
1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑问句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型 There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night?
一般过去时口诀
一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。
动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。
一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。
一般过去时的练习
I.用所给的动词的适当形式填空。
⒈He _____(visit) the Great Wall last year.
2.We________(have) a good time yesterday.
3.We often _______(go) to school by bus last year.
4.I ________(live)in the village when I was a child.
5.Mike______(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.
6.Sam_____ (do) the housework yesterday.
7.______(do) you _______(enjoy) yourself yesterday?
8.______(do)you _________(play) the violin in the artroom yesterday?
No, I didn't. I_____(draw)some pictures there.
9.. I ______ (eat) a big pizza yesterday.
10.There____ (be) many sheep on the farm last year.
11. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
12. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
13. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
14. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
15. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
II.选择填空
( ) 1. She watered the flowers ________.
A tomorrow B sometimes C yesterday morning