British literature

英国文学用英语怎么说英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。

在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。

那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着店铺来学习一下吧。

英国文学的英语说法1：English literature英国文学的英语说法2：British literature英国文学相关英语表达：英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature英国文学的英语例句：1. He secured the appointment of professor of English literature in the university.他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授.2. The work is one of the great monuments of English literature.此作品是英国文学的不朽名作之一.3. That was the high summer of English literature.那是英国文学的黄金时代.4. Are you majoring in English Literature?你是在专修英国文学吗 ?5. His speciality is English literature.他的专业是英国文学.6. Dickens'novels have enriched English literature.狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学.7. He has a formidable knowledge of English literature.他有丰富的英国文学知识.8. His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。

英国文学英语作文British Literature。

British literature is one of the most celebratedliterary traditions in the world. It has given us some of the most iconic works of literature, such as Shakespeare's plays, Dickens' novels, and Austen's novels. The literature of Britain has had a profound impact on the world, and continues to influence contemporary writers to this day.The earliest works of British literature date back to the Anglo-Saxon period, with the epic poem Beowulf being one of the most famous examples. This was followed by the Middle English period, which saw the emergence of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. The Renaissance period saw the emergence of Shakespeare, who is widely considered to be the greatest playwright in the English language. His plays, such as Hamlet, Macbeth, and Romeo and Juliet, are still performed around the world today.The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the emergence of the novel as a popular form of literature,with writers such as Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and the Bronte sisters producing some of the most enduring works of British literature. Austen's novels, such as Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, are celebrated fortheir wit, social commentary, and memorable characters. Dickens' novels, such as Oliver Twist and Great Expectations, are known for their vivid depictions of Victorian London and their social criticism.The twentieth century saw the emergence of modernist writers such as Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and T.S. Eliot. Woolf's novels, such as Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse, are celebrated for their innovative narrative techniquesand their exploration of the inner lives of their characters. Joyce's novel Ulysses is considered to be oneof the most important works of modernist literature, while Eliot's poem The Waste Land is a landmark of modernist poetry.Contemporary British literature continues to be vibrantand diverse, with writers such as Zadie Smith, Kazuo Ishiguro, and Salman Rushdie producing works that reflect the changing face of Britain and the world. Smith's novels, such as White Teeth and On Beauty, explore issues of race, identity, and multiculturalism in contemporary Britain. Ishiguro's novels, such as The Remains of the Day and Never Let Me Go, are known for their subtle explorations of memory, identity, and the human condition. Rushdie's novels, such as Midnight's Children and The Satanic Verses, are celebrated for their imaginative storytelling and their exploration of themes such as identity, religion, and politics.In conclusion, British literature is a rich and diverse tradition that has had a profound impact on the world. From the epic poems of the Anglo-Saxon period to the contemporary novels of Zadie Smith and Salman Rushdie, British literature continues to inspire and challenge readers around the world.。

A survey OfBritish LiteratureI. What is British literatureBritish literature refers to literature associated with the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, Channel Island s, as well as to literature from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, prior to the formation of the UK. By far the largest part of British literature is written in the English language, but there are bodies of written works in Latin, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Scots, Cornish, Manx and other languages. Northern Ireland has a literary tradition in English, Ulster Scots and Irish. Irish writers have also played an important part in the development of English-language literature.Ulster ['ʌlstə] n. 乌尔斯特, 原为爱尔兰一地区, 今为北爱尔兰及爱尔兰共和国所分割II. Early Celtic literatureFor a comparatively small country, Ireland has made a large contribution to world literature in all its branches. The Irish literature that is best known outside the country is in English, but the Irish language also has the most significant body of written literature, both ancient and recent, in any Celtic language, in addition to a strong oral tradition of legends and poetry.The Ulster Cycle written in the 12th century, is a body of medieval Irish heroic legends and sagas[ˈsɑ:gə] (n.英雄传奇) of the traditional heroes of the Ulaid in what is now eastern Ulster and northern Leinster, particularly counties Armagh, Down and Louth. The stories are written in Old and Middle Irish, mostly in prose, interspersed [ˈintəˈspə:s](v.散布，点缀) with occasional verse passages. The language of the earliest stories is dateable to the 8th century, and events and characters are referred to in poems dating to the 7th.III. Old English literature 449–1066The earliest form of English literature developed after the settlement of theSaxon s ['sæksn] and other Germanic [dʒə:'mænik] tribes in England after the withdrawal of the Romans and is known as Old English or Anglo-Saxon.Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known. Cædmon's only known surviving work is Cædmon's Hymn, probably dating from the late 7th century. The poem is one of the earliest attested examples of Old English and is, with the runic Ruthwell Cross and Franks Casket inscriptions, one of three candidates for the earliest attested example of Old English poetry. It is also one of the earliest recorded examples of sustained poetry in a Germanic language.The epic poem Beowulf is the most famous work in Old English. A hero of the Geats, Beowulf battles three antagonists [ænˈtægənist]（n.敌手，对手）: Grendel, Grendel's mother, and a Dragon. The only surviving manuscript is the Nowell Codex. The precise date of the manuscript is debated, but most estimates place it close to the year 1000.Chronicles contained a range of historical and literary accounts; one notable example is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which contains various heroic poems inserted throughout.The Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity after their arrival in England. A popular poem, The Dream of the Rood, was inscribed upon the Ruthwell Cross. Judith is a retelling of the story found in the Latin Bible's Book of Judith of the beheader of the Assyrian general Holofernes. The Old English Martyrology [.mɑ:tə'rɔlədʒi] (n. 殉教史) is a Mercian collection of hagiographies. Ælfric of Eynsham was a prolific 10th century writer of hagiographies and homilies.IV. Late medieval literatureThe linguistic diversity of the islands in the medieval period, with each of the languages producing literatures at various times which contributed to the rich variety of artistic production, made British literature distinctive and innovative( [ˈinəuveitiv] a.革新的，新颖的).Latin literature circulated among the educated classes. Gerald of Wales's most distinguished works are those dealing with Wales and Ireland, with his late 12th century two books in Latin on his beloved Wales the most important: Itinerarium Cambriae and Descriptio Cambriae which tell us much about Welsh history and geography.Following the Norman Conquest of 1066, the development of Anglo-Norman literature in the Anglo-Norman realm introduced literary trends from Continental Europe such as the chanson de geste. However, the indigenous（[inˈdidʒənəs]adj.本土的）development of Anglo-Norman literature was precocious in comparison to continental literature: Geoffrey Gaimar produced the earliest rhymed chronicle; Benedeit, the earliest adventure narrative inspired by Celtic sources; Jordan Fantosme, the earliesteyewitness historiography ([.histɔ:ri'ɔgrəfi] n. 编史, 史料编纂法); Philippe de Thaun, the earliest scientific literature.Religious literature continued to enjoy popularity. Hagiographies（/.hægi'ɔgrəfi/ n. 圣徒传, 圣徒言行录）continued to be written, adapted and translated: for example, The Life of Saint Audrey, Eadmer's contemporary biography of Anselm of Canterbury, and the South English Legendary.The Roman de Fergus was the earliest piece of non-Celtic vernacular([vəˈnækjulə] n.本国语，地方语) literature to come from Scotland. As the Norman nobles of Scotland assimilated to indigenous culture they commissioned Scots versions of popular continental romances, for example: Launcelot o the Laik and The Buik o Alexander.While chroniclers such as William of Malmesbury and Henry of Huntingdon attempted to weave such historical information they had access to into coherent narratives, other writers took more creative approaches to their material.Geoffrey of Monmouth was one of the major figures in the development of British history and the popularity for the tales of King Arthur. He is best known for his chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) of 1136, which spread Celtic motifs to a wider audience, including accounts of Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, wizard Merlin, and sword Caliburnus (named as Excalibur[eks'kælibə(r), n. 亚瑟王之神剑] in some manuscripts of Wace).Culhwch and Olwen is a Welsh tale about a hero connected with Arthur and his warriors, and is the longest of the surviving Welsh prose tales. It is perhaps the earliest extant Arthurian tale and one of Wales' earliest extant prose texts.Wace, the earliest known Jersey poet, developed the Arthurian legend and chronicled the Dukes of NormandyThe 12th century Jersey poet Wace is considered the founder of Jersey literature and contributed to the development of the Arthurian legend in British literature. His Brut showed the interest of Norman patrons in the mythologising of the new English territories of the Anglo-Norman realm by building on Geoffrey of Monmouth's History, and introduced King Arthur's Round Table to literature. His Roman de Rou placed the Dukes of Normandy within an epic context.The Prophecy of Merlin is a 12th-century poem written in Latin hexameters by John of Cornwall, which he claimed was based or revived from a lost manuscript in the Cornish language. Marginal notes on Cornish vocabulary are among the earliest known writings in the Cornish language.At the end of the 12th century, Layamon's Brut adapted Wace to make the first English language work to discuss the legends of Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable. It was also the first historiography written in English since the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba is a short chronicle of the Kings of Alba. It was written in Hiberno-Latin but displays some knowledge of contemporary Middle Irish orthography and probably put together in the early 13th century by the man who wrote de Situ Albanie. The original text was without doubt written in Scotland, probably in the early 11th century, shortly after the reign of Kenneth II, the last reign it relates.Early English Jewish literature developed after the Norman Conquest with Jewish settlement in England. Berechiah ha-Nakdan is known chiefly as the author of a 13th century set of over a hundred fables, called Mishle Shualim, (Fox Fables), which are derived from both Berachyah's own inventions and some borrowed and reworked from Aesop's fables, the Talmud, and the Hindus.The collection also contains fables conveying the same plots and morals as those of Marie de France. The development of Jewish literature in mediaeval England ended with the Edict of Expulsion of 1290.Matthew Paris wrote a number of works in the 13th century. Some were written in Latin, some in Anglo-Norman or French verse. His Chronica Majora is an oft-cited historical source.In the later medieval period a new form of English now known as Middle English evolved. This is the earliest form which is comprehensible to modern readers and listeners, albeit not easily. Middle English Bible translations, notably Wyclif's Bible, helped to establish English as a literary language. Romances appear in English from the 13th century, with King Horn and Havelock the Dane, based on Anglo-Norman originals such as the Romance of Horn.William Langland's Piers Plowman is considered by many critics to be one of the early great works of English literature along with Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (most likely by the Pearl Poet) during the Middle Ages. It is also the first allusion to a literary tradition of the legendary English archer, swordsman, and outlaw Robin Hood.Geoffrey Chaucer, father of English literatureThe most significant Middle English author was Geoffrey Chaucer who was active in the late 14th century. Often regarded as the father of English literature, Chaucer is widely credited as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language, rather than French or Latin. The Canterbury Tales was Chaucer's magnum opus, and a towering achievement of Western culture. The first recorded association of Valentine's Day with romantic love is in Chaucer's Parlement of Foules 1382, and sending Valentine's Day cards became hugely popular in Britain in the late 18th century, a practice that has since spread to other nations.The multilingual audience for literature in the 14th century can be illustrated by the example of John Gower, who wrote in Latin, Middle English and Anglo-Norman.Women writers were also active, such as Marie de France in the 12th century and Julian of Norwich in the early 14th century. Julian's Revelations of Divine Love (circa 1393) is believed to be the first published book written by a woman in the English language, Margery Kempe (c. 1373 – after 1438) is known for writing The Book of Margery Kempe, a work considered by some to be the first autobiography in the English language, which chronicles, to some extent, her extensive pilgrimages to various holy sites in Europe and Asia.Dafydd ap Gwilym's main themes were love and nature. The influence of wider European ideas of courtly love, as exemplified in the troubadour poetry of Provençal, is seen as a significant influence on Dafydd's poetry. He was an innovative poet who was responsible for popularising the metre known as the "cywydd" and first to use it for praise. But perhaps his greatest innovation was to make himself the main focus of his poetry. By its very nature, most of the work of the traditional Welsh court poets kept their own personalities far from their poetry. Dafydd's work is full of his own feelings and experiences.Since at least the 14th century, poetry in English has been written in Ireland and by Irish writers abroad. The earliest poem in English by a Welsh poet dates from about 1470. The Latin and English poem Flen flyys written around 1475, is chiefly famous for containing in coded form the first known written usage in English of a particular profane term in the English language.Among the earliest Lowland Scots literature is Barbour's Brus (14th century). Whyntoun's Kronykil and Blind Harry's Wallace date from the (15th century). From the 13th century much literature based around the royal court in Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews was produced by writers such as Henrysoun, Dunbar, Douglas and Lyndsay. The works of Chaucer had an influence on Scottish writers.In the Cornish language Passhyon agan Arloedh ("The Passion of our Lord"), a poem of 259 eight-line verses written in 1375, is one of the earliest surviving works of Cornish literature. The most important work of literature surviving from the Middle Cornish period is An Ordinale Kernewek ("The Cornish Ordinalia"), a 9000-line religious drama composed around the year 1400. The longest single surviving work of Cornish literature is Bywnans Meriasek (The Life of Meriasek), a play dated 1504, but probably copied from an earlier manuscript.Le Morte d'Arthur, is Sir Thomas Malory's 15th century compilation of some French and English Arthurian romances, was among the earliest books printed in England, and was influential in the later revival of interest in the Arthurian legends.Thomas More book Utopia, illustration of imaginary island, 1516Sir Thomas More coined the word "utopia", a name he gave to the ideal, imaginary island nation whose political system he described in Utopia, written in Latin and published in 1516.The landmark work in the reign of James IV of Scotland was Gavin Douglas's Eneados, the first complete translation of a major classical text in an Anglian language, finished in 1513. Its reception however was overshadowed by the Flodden defeat that same year, and the political instability that followed in the kingdom. Another major work, David Lyndsay's Ane Pleasant Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis, later in the century, is a surviving example of a dramatic tradition in the period that has otherwise largely been lost. At the end of the 16th century, James VI of Scotland founded the Castalian Band, a group of makars and musicians in the court, based on the model of thePléiade in France. The courtier and makar Alexander Montgomerie was a leading member. However this cultural centre was lost after the 1603 Union of the Crowns when James shifted his court to London. From 1603, London was the unrivalled cultural capital of the isles.V. Early Modern English literature: Elizabethan and Jacobean erasThe English Renaissance dated from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. The sonnet form and other Italian literary influences arrived in English literature. The sonnet was introduced into English by Thomas Wyatt in the early 16th century.In the later 16th century English poetry was characterised by elaboration of language and extensive allusion to classical myths. The most important poets of this period included Edmund Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney.English Renaissance theatre was among the most important literary achievements of the English Renaissance. William Shakespeare, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language, wrote over 35 plays in several genres, including tragedy, comedy and history. Other major playwrights of the time included Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe, and Thomas Kyd.John Milton, religious epic poem Paradise Lost published in 1667.At the Reformation, the translation of liturgy and Bible into vernacular languages provided new literary models. The Book of Common Prayer and the Authorized King James Version of the Bible have been hugely influential. The King James Bible as one of the biggest translation projects in the history of English up to this time, was started in 1604 and completed in 1611. It represents the culmination of a tradition of Bible translation into English from the original languages that began with the work of William Tyndale (previous translations into English had relied on the Vulgate). It became the standard Bible of the Church of England, and some consider it one of the greatest literary works of all time.Philosopher Sir Francis Bacon wrote the utopian novel New Atlantis, and coined the phrase "Knowledge is Power".The prolific Jacobean playwright and poet Thomas Middleton's The Revenger's Tragedy, is an early example of illegitimacy in fiction. Other Jacobean playwrights include John Fletcher and John Webster.English poets of the early 17th century are crudely classified by the division into Cavalier poets and metaphysical poets, the latter being much concerned with religion. The division is therefore along a line approximating to secular/religious. Major poets of the 17th century included John Donne, Andrew Marvell, and George Herbert. Thomas Carew was among poets who wrote country house poems. John Milton's 1644 Areopagitica, is an influential and impassioned philosophical defence of the principle of a right to freedom of speech, written in opposition to licensing and censorship, as an eloquent defence of press freedom. Milton's religious epic Paradise Lost was first published in 1667.VI. 19th century English language literatureRomanticismMajor political and social changes at the end of the 18th century, particularly the French Revolution, prompted a new breed of writing known as Romanticism. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge began the trend for bringing emotionalism and introspection to English literature, with a new concentration on the individual and the common man. The reaction to urbanism and industrialisation prompted poets to explore nature, for example the Lake Poets. The third major Lake poet, Robert Southey, enjoys lasting popularity, although perhaps his most enduring contribution to literary history is the immortal children's classic, The Story of the Three Bears, the basis of the original Goldilocks story.Around the same period, the iconoclastic printer William Blake, largely disconnected from the major streams of elite literature of the time, was constructing his own highly idiosyncratic poetic creations, while the Scottish nationalist poet Robert Burns was collecting and adapting the folk songs of Scotland into a body of national poetry for his homeland.The major "second generation" Romantic poets included George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron. They flouted social convention and often used poetry as a political voice. Amongst Lord Byron's best-known works are the brief poems She Walks in Beauty, When We Two Parted, and So, we'll go no more a roving, in addition to narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. Another key poet of the Romantic movement was John Keats, whose poems such as Ode to a Nightingale expound on his aesthetic theory of negative capability, and remain among the most celebrated byany author of the period. To Autumn is the final work in a collection of poems known as "Keats's 1819 odes". Percy Shelley, famous for his association with Keats and Byron, was the third major romantic poet of the second generation. Critically regarded as among the finest lyric poets in the English language, Shelley is most famous for such widely anthologized verse works as Ozymandias, and long visionary poems which include Prometheus Unbound. Shelley's groundbreaking poem The Masque of Anarchy calls for nonviolence in protest and political action. It is perhaps the first modern statement of the principle of nonviolent protest.[23]Mahatma Gandhi's passive resistance was influenced and inspired by Shelley's verse, and Gandhi would often quote the poem to vast audiences.[23][24]The 19th century novelAt the same time, Jane Austen was writing highly polished novels about the life of the landed gentry, seen from a woman's point of view, and wryly focused on practical social issues, especially marriage and money. Austen's Pride and Prejudice 1813, is often considered the epitome of the romance genre, and some of her other most notable works include Sense and Sensibility, Mansfield Park, Persuasion and Emma.Walter Scott's novel-writing career was launched in 1814 with Waverley, often called the first historical novel, and was followed by Ivanhoe. His popularity in England and further abroad did much to form the modern stereotype of Scottish culture. Other novels by Scott which contributed to the image of him as a Scottish patriot include Rob Roy. Scott was the highest earning and most popular author up to that time.Mary Shelley is best known for her novel Frankenstein 1818, infusing elements of the Gothic novel and Romantic movement. Frankenstein's chilling tale suggests modern organ transplants, tissue regeneration, that remind readers of the moral issues raised by today's medicine. Shelley's 1826 novel The Last Man is often identified as the first work of modern apocalyptic fiction.John William Polidori wrote The Vampyre 1819, creating the literary vampire genre. His short story was inspired by the life of Lord Byron and his poem The Giaour. Another major influence on vampire fiction is Varney the Vampire 1845, where many standard Vampire features originated — Varney has fangs, leaves two puncture wounds on the neck of his victims, has hypnotic powers, superhuman strength, and was also the first example of the "sympathetic vampire", who loathes his condition but is a slave to it.From the mid-1820s until the 1840s, fashionable novels depicting the lives of the upper class in an indiscreet manner, identifying the real people whom the characters were based, dominated the market. It was in the Victorian era (1837–1901) that the novel became the leading form of literature in English. Most writers were now more concerned to meet the tastes of a large middle-class reading public than to please aristocratic patrons. The 1830s saw a resurgence of the social novel, where sensationalized accounts and stories of the working class poor were directed towardmiddle class audiences to incite sympathy and action towards pushing for legal and moral change. Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South contrasts the lifestyle in the industrial north of England with the wealthier south.Sir John Barrow's descriptive 1831 account of the Mutiny on the Bounty immortalised the Royal Navy ship HMS Bounty and her people. The legend of Dick Turpin was popularized when the 18th century English highwayman's exploits appeared in the novel Rookwood in 1834.Charles Dickens emerged on the literary scene in the 1830s, confirming the trend for serial publication. Dickens wrote vividly about London life and struggles of the poor, often, as in Oliver Twist, employing a popular style which would prove accessible to readers of all classes. The festive tale A Christmas Carol he called his "little Christmas book". Great Expectations is a quest for maturity. A Tale of Two Cities is set in London and Paris. Dickens early works are masterpieces of comedy, such as The Pickwick Papers. Later his works became darker, without losing his genius for caricature.The emotionally powerful works of the Brontë sisters: Charlotte's Jane Eyre, Emily's Wuthering Heights and Anne's Agnes Grey were released in 1847 after their search to secure publishers. William Makepeace Thackeray's satirised British society in Vanity Fair 1847, while Anthony Trollope's novels portrayed the lives of the landowning and professional classes of early Victorian England.Although pre-dated by John Ruskin's The King of the Golden River in 1841, the history of the modern fantasy genre is generally said to begin with George MacDonald, influential author of The Princess and the Goblin and Phantastes 1858. William Morris was a popular English poet who wrote several fantasy novels during the latter part of the 19th century.Literature for children was published during the Victorian period, some of which has become globally well-known, such as the works of Lewis Carroll, notably Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, while Anna Sewell wrote the classic animal novel Black Beauty.Wilkie Collins epistolary novel The Moonstone 1868, is often considered the first detective novel in the English language.[27]The Woman in White is regarded as one of the finest sensation novels.The novels of George Eliot, such as Middlemarch, were a milestone of literary realism, and combine high Victorian literary detail with an intellectual breadth that removes them from the narrow confines they often depict. Novels of Thomas Hardy and others, dealt with the changing social and economic situation of the countryside.Penny dreadful publications were an alternative to mainstream works, and were aimed at working class adolescents, introducing the infamous Sweeney Todd. The premier ghost story writer of the 19th century was Sheridan Le Fanu. His worksinclude the macabre mystery novel Uncle Silas 1865, and his Gothic novella Carmilla 1872, tells the story of a young woman's susceptibility to the attentions of a female vampire. Bram Stoker, author of seminal horror work Dracula, featured as its primary antagonist the vampire Count Dracula, with the vampire hunter Abraham Van Helsing his arch-enemy. Dracula has been attributed to a number of literary genres including vampire literature, horror fiction, gothic novel and invasion literature.H. G. Wells, who alongside Jules Verne, is referred to as "The Father of Science Fiction", invented a number of themes that are now classic in the science fiction genre. The War of the Worlds 1898, describing an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry, is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. The Time Machine is generally credited with the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The term "time machine" coined by Wells, is now universally used to refer to such a vehicle.Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Scotland of Irish parents but his Sherlock Holmes stories have typified a fog-filled London for readers worldwideSir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes is a brilliant London-based "consulting detective", famous for his intellectual prowess, skillful use of astute observation, deductive reasoning and forensic skills to solve difficult cases. Holmes' archenemy Professor Moriarty, is widely considered to be the first true example of a supervillain, while Sherlock Holmes has become a by-word for a detective. Conan Doyle wrote four novels and fifty-six short stories featuring Holmes, from 1880 up to 1907, with a final case in 1914. All but four Conan Doyle stories are narrated by Holmes' friend, assistant, and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson.The Lost World literary genre was inspired by real stories of archaeological discoveries by imperial adventurers. H. Rider Haggard wrote one of the earliest examples, King Solomon's Mines in 1885. Contemporary European politics and diplomatic manoeuvrings informed Anthony Hope's swashbuckling Ruritanian adventure novels The Prisoner of Zenda 1894, and Rupert of Hentzau, 1898.F. Anstey's comic novel Vice Versa 1882, sees a father and son magically switch bodies. Satirist Jerome K. Jerome's Three Men in a Boat 1889, is a humorous account of a boating holiday on the river Thames. Grossmith brothers George & Weedon's Diary of a Nobody 1892, is also considered a classic work of humour.In the latter years of the 19th century, precursors of the modern picture book were illustrated books of poems and short stories produced by English illustrators Randolph Caldecott, Walter Crane, and Kate Greenaway. These had a larger proportion of pictures to words than earlier books, and many of their pictures were in colour. Some British artists made their living illustrating novels and children's books, include Arthur Rackham, Cicely Mary Barker, W. Heath Robinson, Henry J. Ford, John Leech, and。

英国文学新编郭英群全文翻译"British Literature: A New Compilation" by Guo Yingqun Full Text TranslationIntroduction:British literature holds a prominent place in the world literary canon, with numerous classic works that have influenced and shaped the literary landscape. In this collection, we have endeavored to present a comprehensive selection of British literary masterpieces, spanning different genres, periods, and styles. Through the translation of these texts, readers can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the rich cultural heritage of British literature.Chapter 1: The Romantic Age1.1 "Lyrical Ballads" by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge1.2 "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen1.3 "Frankenstein" by Mary ShelleyChapter 2: The Victorian Era2.1 "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Brontë2.2 "Wuthering Heights" by Emily Brontë2.3 "Great Expectations" by Charles DickensChapter 3: The Modernist Movement3.1 "Ulysses" by James Joyce3.2 "Mrs. Dalloway" by Virginia Woolf3.3 "The Waste Land" by T.S. EliotChapter 4: Post-War Literature4.1 "1984" by George Orwell4.2 "To the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf4.3 "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. SalingerChapter 5: Contemporary Voices5.1 "The Remains of the Day" by Kazuo Ishiguro5.2 "The Handmaid's Tale" by Margaret Atwood5.3 "Never Let Me Go" by Kazuo IshiguroConclusion:By delving into this compilation of British literature, readers can explore the diverse themes, innovative writing styles, and profound messages that have characterized British literary tradition throughout history. It is our hope that this translation will serve as a bridge between cultures, allowing readers to immerse themselves in the beauty and brilliance of British literature.。

英国文学英语作文British literature is a rich and diverse field, with a long history of producing some of the world's most celebrated works. From the timeless classics of William Shakespeare to the modern masterpieces of authors like J.K. Rowling, British literature has something to offer forevery reader.One of the most famous periods in British literature is the Romantic era, which produced iconic works such as Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and William Wordsworth's poetry. This period was characterized by a focus on emotion, nature, and the individual, and its influence can still be seen in literature today.In addition to the Romantic era, British literature has also seen the rise of important movements such as Modernism and Postmodernism. These movements brought about new waysof thinking about literature and art, and their impact can be felt in the work of authors like Virginia Woolf andSalman Rushdie.Of course, it's impossible to talk about British literature without mentioning the impact of the British Empire. The literature of this period often reflects the experiences of colonialism and its effects on both the colonizers and the colonized. Authors like Joseph Conrad and Rudyard Kipling grappled with these themes in their work, creating powerful and thought-provoking literature.In more recent years, British literature has continued to evolve and change, with authors from diverse backgrounds bringing new perspectives and voices to the literary scene. Writers like Zadie Smith and Kazuo Ishiguro have received international acclaim for their work, and their contributions have helped to shape the future of British literature.Overall, British literature is a vibrant and dynamic field that has had a profound impact on the world of literature. From its classic works to its contemporaryvoices, British literature continues to inspire and captivate readers around the globe.。

了解英国文学的英语作文British literature is a treasure trove of literary masterpieces that have captivated readers for centuries. From the works of William Shakespeare to the modern-day novels of J.K. Rowling, British literature encompasses a wide range of genres and styles. The richness and diversity of British literature are evident in the various themes and characters portrayed in these literary works.One of the most prominent features of Britishliterature is its exploration of human emotions and the complexities of human nature. Characters in British literature often grapple with inner conflicts and struggle to find their place in the world. This exploration of the human psyche adds depth and realism to the stories, making them relatable to readers from all walks of life.Another characteristic of British literature is its keen observation of society and its critique of social norms and conventions. Many British authors have used theirworks as a platform to comment on the political and social issues of their time. From George Orwell's dystopian novel "1984" to Charles Dickens' portrayal of the harsh realities of Victorian society in "Oliver Twist," British literature has served as a mirror to society, reflecting its flaws and inspiring change.British literature is also known for its wit and humor. From the witty banter of Shakespeare's comedies to the satirical novels of Jane Austen, British authors have a knack for using humor to entertain and engage readers. This light-heartedness provides a welcome respite from the sometimes heavy themes explored in these works.In addition to its exploration of human nature,critique of society, and use of humor, British literatureis also characterized by its rich language and poetic imagery. British authors have a way with words, using vivid descriptions and powerful metaphors to create a sensory experience for readers. Whether it's the haunting beauty of the moors in Emily Bronte's "Wuthering Heights" or the enchanting world of Narnia in C.S. Lewis' "The Chroniclesof Narnia," British literature transports readers todifferent worlds through its evocative language.In conclusion, British literature is a vibrant and diverse body of work that continues to captivate readers around the world. Its exploration of human emotions,critique of society, use of humor, and rich language makeit a treasure trove of literary gems. Whether you're a fanof classic literature or contemporary novels, British literature offers something for everyone. So pick up a book, immerse yourself in the world of British literature, andlet your imagination soar.。

British LiteratureAnnual Booker Prize is televised as an important national event, causing a great deal of discussion. The rich variety of theatre performance available in London is one of literature attractions to visitors.Early Writing: much early British writing was concerned with Christianity: Anglo-Saxons produced beautifully illustrated. Few people in this period were literate, because the English language was so different that make native English people give up reading. One of the oldest of these early “Old English”literary works is a long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf that tells a story of 6th century Swedish warrior Beowulf. British entered the Middle Ages (1066-1485) in 1066 with Norman Conquest; French became the language of royal court, but The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) who wrote the first poet in English. It is also notable for its diversity, both in the range of social types amongst the 31 pilgrims, and the range in style of the stories they tell. The legend of King Arthur established in literary form with the publication in 1138 of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the King of British, though calling itself a work of history, invented material to fill the broad gaps in the historical records. Le Morte D’Arthur(Death of Aththur) that as the best-known version was completed by Thomas Malory.Elizabethan Drama: drama is the most successful in British culture.The notable playwrights included Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare. Marlowe(1564-1616) was the earliest of this great trio. The Tragical History of Dr Faustus is his famous play, the story is a man who sold his soul to the devil in return for power. William Shakespeare(1564-1616) is the best-known literary figure in the world., his plays fall into categories, or classes. Such as tragedies including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello; comedies including The taming of the shrew, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, history plays including Richard III, Richard II etc.The 17th century: literature cannot be divided into exact period, thus the late Elizabethans are also Jacobeans. A permanent monument of English literature style commemorates James’ name because of translation of the Holy Scriptures know as the King James Bible(1611), it exerted a greater influence on style and standards of taste than any other single work in English for many generations. The Essays of Francis Bacon (1561-1626) who was a public figure and statesman of important under both Elizabeth and James, but a scandal ended his public service. The Novum Organum(1620),The New Atlantis(1627) were his popular works. John Milton (1608-74) whose literary talents showed themselves in early works. Religious and political disputes also interested Milton, he wrote many pamphlets on these subjects, such as Areopagitica, the epic Paradise Lost, its sequel, Paradise Regained, and peotic tragedy SamsonAgonistes.The 18th century: 18th-century English literature is marked by a rather large shift from the mood and tone of 17th-century literature. For one thing, a second great political disturbance took place in the late 17th century. Wit used in the intellectual activity sets the 18th century apart. The first important dictionary of the language was produced. The novel as a powerful medium was found in the century.Gulliver’s Travels was wrote by Jonathan Swift(1667-1745). Scotland produced a much-loved poet, such as Robert Burns whose poems including Holy Willie’s Prayer, To a Mouse,To a Louse, and songs including Auld Lang Syne, Comin’thro’the Rye. Robinson Crusoe was a famous tale of shipwreck and solitary survival in all literature that was wrote by Daniel Defoe (1660-1731).The Romantic Period: roughly the first of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period, the Industrial Revolution had changed England into a nation of factories. Two poets of offered what had been called romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence”. The long autobiographical poem The Prelude and such shorten poems as “My Heart Leaps up When I Behold”were wrote by William Wordsworth, even if the poems style was complex, his friend Coleridge distinguished this. George Gordon Lord Byron(1788-1824), John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley brought the Romantic Movement.The 19th century: this spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein(1818). Sir Walter Scott whose voice has a worldwide influence and popularity, his romantic novels including Waverley, Rob Roy, The Heart of Midlothian. Jane Austen, who excelled at this form of writings, is indeed one of the greatest of all English novelists. Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma were her famous works. Perhaps the most famous literary family in British history are the Bronte sisters (Charlotte, Emily, Ann), Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily’s Wuthering Heights being the most successful. Their good friend Elizabeth Gaskell whose novel was North and South was supported in her work by the greatest British storyteller of the 19th century, Charles Dickens whose novel including Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield. The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was the most famous novel by Robert Louis Stevenson. Thomas Hardy’s better-known novels are The Return of the Native (1878), Tess of the D’Urbervi lles (1891), Jude the Obscure (1896), as a prose writer he is the last of the 19th century, as a poet he belongs to the 20th century.20th Century Literature: summary of complex 20th century is difficult, for the 20th century marked the end of the British Empire, which was replaced by the Commonwealth of Native. It can divide into two stylistic periods: Modernism and Postmodernism. One of the most famous of English Modernist writers is Joseph Conrad whose famous novel is TheHeart of Darkness(1902).Virginia Woolf was part of the intellectual “Bloomsbury group”, her work was concerned with the individual consciousness, especially the female consciousness.Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse(1927), Orlando(1928) are her best-known books, she sometimes used “stream of consciousness”, such as A Room of One’s Own. Moving into the post-war period, one of the most famous novels in English appeared: George Orwell’s 1948, The French Lieutenant’s Woman(1968) was written by John Fowles. But not all writers can be squeezed into the definitions of Modern or Postmodern. Such as Graham Greene whose John Le Carre. Ian Fleming’s fantastic Jane Bond stories are even better known. Among the newer novelists are William Golding, John Braine, and Kingsley Amis.According to those, British literature continues to reflect that complexity.。