t p o听力学科分类及部分单词总结(含词根)Conversation课程学业：1.课程与作业：1-2，5-2，6-2，8-2，9-1，10-1，12-1，15-2，16-2，17-1，19-1，22-2，25-1，26-1，27-1，27-2，28-1，29-1，30-1，30-2，32-1，33-1，33-2，34-22.选课与换课：14-2，21-2，23-2，24-2，28-23.研究项目：2-1，4-2，13-1，20-2校园生活：1.图书馆与书店：1-1，4-1，7-2，9-2，10-2，13-2，14-1，20-1，24-1，26-2，31-2，34-12.校内工作：3-2，7-1，11-2，12-2，15-1，17-2，18-1，18-2，25-23.住宿与餐饮：19-2，32-24.问询：3-1，5-1，8-1，21-1，31-15.社团与活动：2-2，6-1，11-1，16-1，22-1，23-1，29-2TPO lecture 学科背景分类（1-34）1.Physical Science（38）Astronomy2-4（Bode’s Law）3-4（Spectroscopy）5-2（Moon Landing）13-4（Meteorites）14-3（Seafarers and Stars）18-1（Sunspots）19-2（Difficulties in Astronomy）21-1（Geocentric Theory）22-2（Faint Young Sun Paradox）24-4（Shield Volcano on Venus）26-3（Comets）29-4（Carbon Nanotubes）30-3（Jarosite）Ecology & Environmental Science9-2（Shrubs in Tundra）10-3（Phosphorus Cycle）11-3（Landscape & Climate）12-4（Solar Energy）13-2（Interrelationships）17-2（Milankovitsh Hypothesis）20-2（Interglacial Periods）23-2（Earth Radiation Budgets）29-1（Pedodiversity Plant）32-2（Relationships among Species）33-2（Colorado’s Water）34-2（ASP Digestion）Geology1-2（Uranium-Lead Dating）4-2（Moving Rocks）6-4（Climate Change in Sahara Desert）7-4（Glacial Movement）9-3（Desert Lakes）15-2（Geologic Time Periods）16-1（Lechuguilla Cave）30-2（Oviraptor）31-2（Plate Drift）32-3（The Copper Basin）Chemistry5-3（Spectroscopy）8-4（The Periodic Table of Elements）Computer Science21-2（Software Development）2.Social ScienceArcheology1-3（Catalhoyuk）14-4（Passage Graves）23-1（Antikythera Mechanism）24-3（Megafauna）28-4（Gonur-depe）29-3（Clovis People & Caches）32-1（Ancient Bananas）33-1（The Great Pyramid）History4-4（Government Support for Arts）8-3（Vision Correction）10-2（American Food Crops）17-3（Ancient Egyptian Calendar）18-3（Spices）25-3（Egyptian Hieroglyphs）Economics & Business6-1（Boom and Bust）11-4（Advertising）12-2（Managing by Wandering Around）26-1（Green Marketing）34-4（The Life of Innovation）Psychology2-1（Behaviorism）10-4（Childhood Amnesia）14-1（Cognition）15-1（Distraction）30-1（Metacognition）Anthropology7-3（Iroquois People & Birch Tree）22-1（State Formation）31-4（The Botai Culture）Linguistics9-4（Features of Human Language）19-1（Family Tree Model）20-1（Gricean Maxims）Philosophy2-3（Aristotle）28-1（Foundationalism）Sociology5-1（Meme）3.Life ScienceAnimal7-2（Bat’s Use of Ultrasound）10-1（Whales）14-2（Microclimate）17-4（Octopus）18-4（North American Wood Frog）20-4（Snowshoe Hare）21-3（Evolution Theory）22-3（Pleistocene Rewilding）23-3（Dolphin’s Navigation）24-1（Crocodile Vocalization）27-1（Coral Reefs Marine）27-3（Sauropod）31-3（Decline of Coral Reefs）33-3（Notothenioids）12-1（Cell Division）15-4（Biology Community）26-2（Carbon Cycling）Animal Behavior1-4（Marmots）3-1（Humming Birds）4-1（Displacement Activity）8-1（Active Habitat Selection）11-1（Distraction Display）16-3（Foraging Behavior Among Beavers）25-1（Assisted Migration Conservation）25-4（Play）28-2（Mirror Self-Recognition）Botany2-2（Manila Hemp）6-2（Nightcap Oak）19-3（Plants in Salt Mashes）28-3（Plant s’ Photoreceptor）34-3（Plants and Pollinators）4.ArtArt History3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）Music12-3（Opera）16-2（Piano）22-4（Musicians & Film Industry）25-2（Bela Bartok）27-2（Cremonese Violin）30-4（Electric Guitar）31-1（Music in Ancient Greece）Literature4-2（Emerson’s Self－reliance）5-4（Folk Tales and Fairy Tales）6-3（Character Sketch）13-3（Medieval Poetry）20-3（Folk Tales）Architecture11-2（Cape Cod House）13-1（Pedestrian Malls）29-2（Reverberation）32-4（Harriet Morrison Irwin）33-4（The Renaissance Gardens）Dance History23-4（Screen Dance）24-2（Modern Dance）Theater History7-1（The Well－made Play）9-1（Philippe Jacques De Loutherbourg）Film History3-2（Jean Painleve）astronomy2-4asteroid beltMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranus (天神，乌拉诺斯)NeptunePlutoAstronomical unitPatternCeresobjectGravitation gravity，grav=heavy重，或悲伤Grave 严肃的，庄重的，坟墓Aggra－vation 加重，恶化You can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8 spot was skipped Validity3-4bloom 花，开花期 n. 开花，使植物繁盛，大量出现v.spectroscopy spectroscopicspectraspectral linesspectrum 光谱，波普，范围，系列spectral graphemitchemical compositioncrystal prismbeamoptical radiationexposeuranium 以Uranus 为依据命名heliumbleed intomagnify 放大，赞美randomlycompileflamefingerprintextensivecircumspect 小心谨慎的circum周围+spect看→看周围→小心2perspective 透视的per全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了的→透视的3prospective 预期的prospect前景+ive……的→adj.预期的4respectable 可敬的;人格高尚的respect尊敬+able可以……的→adj.可敬的;人格高尚的5respectful 恭敬的,尊重的respect尊敬,尊重+ful有……的→adj.恭敬的,尊重的6respective 各自的,各个的re回+spect看+ive……的→回头看[自己]→各自的7retrospective 追想的,回顾的retrospect[v.回顾,回想]+ive……的→adj.追想的,回顾的8spectacular 壮观的,引人注目的spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出Badv.1respectively 分别地, 各个地respective[adj.各自的,各个的]+ly表副词→adv.分别地, 各个地Cn.1prospect 景象,前景pro前面+spect看→向前看→前景2aspect 样子, 外表, 面貌, [问题等的]方面a加强意义+spect看→看的东西→外表,容貌3circumspection 细心,慎重circumspect[adj.小心谨慎的]+ion表名词→n.细心,慎重4inspector 检查员, 巡视员inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+or人→n.检查员, 巡视员5inspection 检查,审查;检阅inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+ion表名词→n.检查,审查;检阅6prospectus 章程,内容简介;创办计划pro前+spect看+u s→向前看的东西7respect 敬意,问候,关系,方面re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬8spectacle [spect看+acle东西→看的东西→景象;眼镜9spectacular 壮观的演出spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出10spectator 观众,旁观者spect看+ator人→看的人11spectrum 系列，范围；光谱spect看+rum→可以看的范围Dn.&v.1respect 尊敬,尊重re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬Ev.1expect 预期;期望,指望ex出+pect=spect看→看出去,看外面→期待2inspect 检查,调查,视察in内,里面+spect看→看里面→检查3retrospect 回顾,回想retro向后+spect看→向后看4speculate 思索;推测spec=spect看+ulate→看准了→思考,投机5suspect 怀疑sus下面+spect看→在下面看一看,斜眼看→怀疑前缀: per- 1. 表示"贯穿,自始至终;全部"; 2. 表示"假,坏"Aadj.1perennial 全年的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+enn年+ial的→全年的2permanent 永久的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+man拿住+ent……的→永久拿住→永恒的3pernicious 有害的,有毒的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+nic毒+ious……的→有毒的4perplexed 困惑的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+plex重叠+ed……的→重叠在一起→困惑的5perspective 透视的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了→透视的6perspicacious 独具慧眼的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spic看+acious多……的→全部看到→独具慧眼7perverse 刚愎自用的,故意作对的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vers转+e→一直和别人拧着转8perfunctory 草率的per假,坏+funct作用+ory……的→没起好作用→草率的Bn.1percussion 敲打;碰击; 冲突per贯穿,自始至终;全部+cuss摇动,敲打+ion表名词→一直敲打2peroxide 过氧化物per贯穿,自始至终;全部+oxide氧化物→贯穿的氧化物→过氧化物3perturb 烦乱,扰乱per贯穿,自始至终;全部+turb搅→直搅乱→扰乱4perfidy 不忠,背叛per假,坏+fid相信+y状态→假相信→不忠诚5perjury 伪证,假誓per假,坏+jur发誓+y状态→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团Cv.1perforate 打洞per贯穿,自始至终;全部+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞2perfuse 使洒遍,横流per贯穿,自始至终;全部+fuse流→流遍3permeate 弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透per贯穿,自始至终;全部+me走+ate表动词→走过去→渗透过去4persist 坚持per贯穿,自始至终;全部+sist站→站到最后→坚持5perspire 出汗per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spir呼吸+e→全身呼吸→出汗6persuade 劝说per贯穿,自始至终;全部+suade劝→一直劝→劝说7peruse 细读per贯穿,自始至终;全部+use利用→[读书的时候]全部利用→细读8pervade 弥漫,普及per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vade走→走遍,遍及9perpetrate 做坏事;犯罪per假,坏+petr石+ate表动词→像石头一样顽固的做坏事→专横,做坏事10pervert 堕落,滥用per假,坏+vert转→转向坏→堕落1.you get the idea2.Anyone want to take a stab at the scientific term for visible light? And I’m sure all of you know thisbecause you all did the reading for today3.before we get into that, it’s probably a good thing to back up a bit4.what happens if the sunlight’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn’t do the reading. Well,here’s what you’d see.5.I’m sure all of you know it. OK. Let’s try something else. Any of you happened to be familiar withthe …?5-2compelling reasonspinpointimpact craterbasincolor-coated imagespacecraftlunarorbitequatortopographical 地形的elevation (low, high)diameterdepthplanetaryredistributecrustmantlepenetratecomposition, formationmeteor showerconcentration of hydrogencometmoleculeevaporationprimitiveoxygen and hydrogenrocket fuelmaybe a ways off: way off, 偏离轨道，错得厉害，有很大距离，（”I think you are way off base.）haul: to move something really big with a lot of effortsperpetually, eternally, perpetual motion (永动机), permanentgive or takecrude estimateby inference “You seemed to know about the book and by inference I though t you had read it.”13-4meteoroids 流星体meteorite：陨石meteor: 流星，大气现象，meteorology，气象学，mythologyinterplanetary spaceproportionterrestrial territory terr＝earth，土地；frighten，可怕，恐惧；extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的 Mediterranean，地中海的subterranean，地下的，subterrane，下层，洞穴，地下室cometasteroid (-oid, 希腊语，like， acidoid, 似酸的， asteroid，星状的，小行星，organoid，类器官debris uncountable noun 残骸，碎片，垃圾methanecarbon dioxide (monoxide) nitric oxide 一氧化氮particlenickelindistinguishableleft overanalogous: similar, “marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.”Analogy 类似，相似，比拟，“The teacher draw an analogy between the human heart and a pump.”Now I’m going a bit out of a boarder here.the thing is, what’s especially interesting about … is that…难句: they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originated on earth.It might help if you think of…remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition?14-3latitude 纬度longitudealtitude elevationorient v. 标定方向，使熟悉或适应，orient oneself orientation n.oriental 东方的seafarersnavigationalpartition v. 分割 partition the country 分裂国家symmetrical 对称的匀称的symmetric 对称性的historichistoricalidenticalcanoediscern 看出理解了解识别Vikingkeep track of seasonsecology9-2we are around the topicCelsiusVegetationShrubTundra: a flat land with very little vegetationPrecipitation, respirationThawPermafrostImpermeableNone of the plants that grow there can have deep roots, can they? No, and that’s one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the arctic Interfere withMicrobes microbialMicroscopic organismNitrogenPhosphorusInsulateRun-offSemiaridPrairie10-3scarce scarcitynitrogen, carbon, phosphorus硫，sulphur sulphuricbreak down erodeparticleweather v.mine v.fertilizerdecomposecompositionalgaeclogadverse adversitysediment depositsubstantial11-3citrusbout 发作 I was suffering with a bout of nerves一段时间，一阵（不愉快的事大量发生）The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty-four lives.Spell of frost 一阵（某种活动，天气等）Wetland swamp marsh 淹没，使陷入困境，忙的不可开交OverwhelmedSwampy marshy 泥泞的沼泽的marshmallowsugar coated hawsdrain 排水 v. 下水道n. drainage 废水，排水系统sewer 下水道阴沟divert 转道，转向－vert＝turnconvert convertible 可辩论的敞篷车ventilate 通风 ventilate the room ventilatorsubscribe 订阅 subscribe to 同意，支持Fahrenheit CelsiusPlumb v. plumberA drop in the bucket12-4alternative energy sourcediffused 含糊不清的难以理解的diffuse v. 传播四散普及 to diffuse new ideas fuse 融化融合保险丝引信 confusespur v. 策马前进鼓励激励加速推动 n. 马刺，刺激因素fall into two categoriespanel 专门小组仪表板solar energyplantmega13-2interrelationshipinterdependenceecosystem ecofriendlylogpondstanding stillmammalssponge songebob squarepantssoak up17-2circular a. ovalelliptical a. 隐晦的，间接的hemisphere sphere 势力范围圈子，阶层This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US Glacier 冰川Rotation rotateAxis 轴 symmetry axisScopeSkeptical 怀疑性的TiltPrecessionGeology16-1permeablepermeate the smell of roast beef permeated the airlimestonesulfuric acidbacteriadiagram,let’s draw a diagramwater table 地下水位fissure deep crack in something, especially in rock.Carbonic acidDissolveSolubleSolutionSolv: loosen 溶解，解决，松开Dry as a boneBone dry: the river bed is bone dry.Residue: 残余，残渣，remainsPesticide residue：农药残留Homicide: 凶杀， suicide: 自杀Cide: cut, kill; homi: 人DecideGypsumDormant: 潜伏的，休眠的，静止的Dormant volcanoElaborate: 复杂的，精心制作的，精巧的Labor; 劳动Collaborate: 合作，协作15-2gravelgrav=heavy, 沉重的，悲伤的grave，aggravationgravity, gravitationgravitateepoch: 纪元，时期erosion and weatheringremnants: 残存物CE: common eraBCE: before common era 公元纪年AD: Anno Domini, in the year of our lord, 主的纪年BC: before ChristLivestock; 牲畜9-3Arabian PeninsulaBarren: 贫瘠的，荒原Monsoon: 季风，季风季节，季风雨Dot, spotButte: 孤山，独立的山丘Butt，buttonSand duneTorrential: torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities. Clay siltChop up 切开，割断 chopstick lamb chopHollow: 坑，洞，山谷 a hollow tree, 空心的树Ridge: 背脊，山脉，田埂，隆起Hollows and ridges: 沟壑3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）3-3cave paintingslides 幻灯片diagram，picturedepictprimitivedating techniquecharcoalPaleolithicNeolithic8-2canny，canny valleypremiereBiology12-1renew 更新，延长有效期tissuechromosomespringcoil up 盘绕，卷成一圈，coil：线圈，卷tongue in cheek 开玩笑的，不是认真的，风凉话，说说而已sequence，repetitiouslacethreadravel: 使纠缠，变得错综复杂，磨损，unravel，解开，阐明1-3settlementinhabitantNeolithicPaleolithicHatchway hatch孵化HearthPlaster 灰泥Lung ribSootBurial sitesAncestor 祖先词根 cess go 行走前进accessibleexcessive 过分的过度的successive suc 随后连续的继承的 successor 继承人继任者 heir heritor process 过程处理concession 让步迁就speculateexcavationcav holelife science12-1be programmed to do 预先设定好了要nerve cellsgene genetic informationchromosome (练习听开头猜测chromosome定义)springcoil 盘绕卷成圈线圈 coil upbreak off 分离脱离停止enzyme 酶immortal 不死的，永恒的，不朽的mortal 致命的，不共戴天的，终有一死的，极度的凡人人类mort ＝ death15-4inorganicphotosynthesisphoton光子microbe。
托福TPO1-24听力题目汇总听力考察的三大层面听到1.问…主旨2.问为什么要对话或者讲座3.问说到了….(事情) 听懂1. 问speaker 态度2. 再听一遍，为什么要说这句话听会1. 问表述的结构2. 问…和…的联系3. 问….可以推理出听力时候要注意的出题点1 转折：转折后面为重点，后面的重点信息的出现。
2.观点和例子：例子支持观点，所以观点是重点（要记录），例子理解为主3.时间：表示时间点的，新时间点后内容更加重要4.分类：出现了two points，three levels，注意听各个point 序数词5.同位语：如果很多名词之间没有and，as well as 的连接词，听懂一个就可以6.差异：凡是与大众观点不同的，有difference、special、interesting 之类信号词，为重点7.比较：对比（unlike）和类比（similar to）需要理解 8.回答：提问后回答为要点、不直接问答，兜圈的地方，容易出现态度考察。
9.建议：建议和意见为重点，解决问题的最终方法为重点，与教授的约定为重点，建议不被接纳的原因为重点10.因果：原因和结果的区分，都有可能成为重点，但作为抽象归纳的一方，更容易成为重点。
11.转换内容重点：作者从一个讲课对象，转移到另外一个转移对象，在每个对象中都容易出现考点。
TPO-1 Section 11.Why does the student go to see the librarian? ", To sign up for aseminar on using electronic sources for research ", To report that a journalis missing from the reference area ", To find out the procedure for checkingout journal articles ", To ask about how to look for resources for a class paper 2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals andarticles in the library? ", They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserve", Most of them are accessible in an electronic format ", Most of them can be checked out for three weeks ", Printed versions from the past three yearsare located in the reference section.3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time? ", Choose an easier research topic ", Concentrate on five journals ", Read the summaries of the articles first ", Install a new program on her home computer4.What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the computer in the library? ", She thinks she might need additional help from the man ", She does not have a computer at home ", She has to hand in her assignment by the end of the day ", She will be meeting a friend in the library later on5.Why does the woman say this() ", She had forgotten about the information ", She is surprised she was not aware of the information ", She is annoyed that the information was published only recently ", She is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect information6.What is the purpose of the lecture? ", To explain the difference between two artistic styles ", To describe a new art gallery to the class ", To introduce an artist's work to the class ", To show how artists' styles can evolve over time7.What does the professor say about Frantzen's painting of a farm scene? ", It resembles a photograph ", It may be Frantzen's best known painting ", Itwas painted in the Impressionist style ", It was painted while Frantzen lived abroad 8.Why did Frantzen go to the Sales Barn? ", To study human form and movement ", To earn money by painting portraits ", To paint farm animals in an outdoor setting ", To meet people who could model for her paining9.What does the professor imply about the painting of the young womansurrounded by pumpkins? ", It was painted at an art fair ", It combines Impressionism with Realism ", It convinced Frantzen that she was a good illustrator ", It was originally meant to be used in an advertisement10.Why does the professor discuss Frantzen's difficulties as a young painter? ", He wants to point out mistakes that young artists commonly make ", He thinks her example can inspire the students in their own lives ", Her difficulties remind him of the difficulties he himself experienced as a younggirl ", Her difficulties are the subject of some of the paintings in the gallery that the students will visit11.What does the professor imply when he says this() ", The students can understand Frantzen's art without knowing about her life ", The students should pay very close attention to what he is going to say ", Some of his students are already familiar with Frantzen's life story ", Some of his students may not appreciate Frantzen's work 12.What does the professor mainly discuss? ", The difference in age among American mountain ranges ", The importance of a technique used for dating geological materials ", The recent discovery of an ancient canyon ", A comparison of various minerals used for dating13.Before the use of uranium-lead analysis, where did most geologiststhinkthe Grand Canyon sandstone came from? ", An ancient lake located in the American Southwest ", A desert that once connected two continents ", Sands carried by a river from the Appalachian Mountains ", A nearby mountain range that had flattened out over time14.In the talk, the professor describes the sequence of uranium-lead dating.Summarize the sequence by putting the events in the correct order.Drag your answer choices to spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on itZircon in the sandstone is matched to the zircon in a particular mountain range.The amount of lead in sandstone zircon is measured The age of zircon in a sandstone sample is determined 1 2 3 15.According to the professor, what change has caused uranium-lead dating to gain popularity recently? ", It can be performed outside a laboratory ", It can now be done more efficiently ", It no longer involves radioactive elements ", It can be used in fields other than geology16.Why does the professor talk about the breaking apart of Earth's continents? ", To give another example of how uranium-lead dating might be useful ", To explain how the Grand Canyon was formed ", To demonstrate howdifficult uranium-lead dating is ", To disprove a theory about the age ofEarth's first mountain ranges17.What does the professor imply when he says this() ", The class iseasier than other geology classes ", The class has already studied the information he is discussing ", Some students should take a course ingeological dating techniques ", He will discuss the topic later in the class Section 2.1.What is the conversation mainly about ", A lesson Matthew prepared forhis students ", A class Matthew has been observing ", A term paper that Matthew has written ", A problem in Matthew's classroom2.What is Matthew's opinion about observing Mr.Grabell's third-grade class? ", It will help him become a more effective teacher ", It could help improvehis study habits ", It has improved his public-speaking skills ", It may bethe most difficult assignment he has had 3.Why does Matthew mention Greek and Roman mythology? ", To identify a topic frequently discussed in third grade ", To get the professor's opinion about a lesson he taught ", To make asuggestion to improve the class he is taking ", To illustrate a technique used to teach a third-grade class 4.What important skills did Mr.Grabell introduceto his third-grade class? Click on 3 answers ", Reviewing other student's reports ", Using books in the library ", Interviewing their classmates ", Speaking in public ", Writing reports5.What will Matthew probably do in next Wednesday'sclass? ", Hand in his assignment early ", Try to start a study group ", Make a presentation to the class ", Choose a topic for his paper 6.What is the lecture mainly about? ", Art in the Neolithic period ", The site of aNeolithic town ", Methods of making stone tools ", The domestication of plants and animals by early farmers7.What does the professor imply about the tools used by the people of Catalhoyuk? ", They were made of stone that came from Catalhoyuk ", They were among the sharpest tools available at the time ", They were often used in religious rituals ", They were used primarily for agriculture8.What does the professor say about the entrances to the houses in Catalhoyuk?Click on 2 answers ", They were in the roof ", They were usually kept closed ", They allowed smoke to escape from the house ", They stood opposite one another across narrow streets 9.What does the professor say about Catalhoyuk graves? ", The graves contained precious stones ", Many people were buried in each grave ", The grave were located under the house floors ", The graves contained ashes rather than bones 10.What does the professor think of the idea that the inhabitants ofCatalhoyuk deliberately arranged their house so that they could live near their ancestors' graves? ", She thinks it is a good guess, but only a guess ", She thinks some evidence supports it, but other evidence contradicts it. ", She thinks that further excavations will soon disprove it ", She thinks thatit is not appropriate to make such guesses about the distant past11.What are three things the professor says about the artwork of Catalhoyuk? Click on 3 answers ", It was clearly important to the Catalhoyuk religion ", It became covered with soot ", It often shows farmers at work ", Its significance is unknown", It contains many hunting scenes 12.What is the main topic of thelecture ", The types of habitats marmots prefer ", Methods of observing marmot behavior ", Feeding habits of some marmot species ", Differences in behavior between marmot species13.According to the case study, why are marmots ideal for observation ", They do not hide from humans ", They reside in many regions throughout North America ", They are active in open areas during the day ", Their burrows are easy to locate14.Drag the appropriate description of each marmot species' behavior to thebox below the marmot's nameClick on a phrase. Then drag it to the space where it belongs.One of the phrases will not be used Displays aggressive tendencies is family orientedstays active during the winter Olympic Marmot Eastern Marmot15.What reason does the professor give for the difference in marmotbehaviour patterns? ", Type of food available ", The size of the population ", Interaction with other marmot species ", Adaptations to the climate16.Why does the professor say this() ", To inform the student that his definition is incorrect ", To suggest that the student did not do the reading ", To encourage the student to try again ", To change the topic of discussion 17.Why does the professor say this() ", To express a similar concern ", To encourage the student to explain what she means ", To address the student's concern ", To agree with the student TPO-2 Section 11.Why does the man go to see his professor To borrow some charts and graphs from her To ask her to explain some statistical procedures To talk about report he is writing To discuss a grade he got on a paper2.What information will the man include in his report? Click in thecorrect box for each phraseInclude in report Not include in report Climate charts Interviews with meteorologists Journals notes Statistical tests3.Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at thedoctor's office?To demonstrate a way of remembering things To explain why she needs to leave soonTo illustrate a point that appears in his report To emphasize the importance of good health 4.What does the professor offer to do for the man Help him collect more data in other areas of the state Submit his research findings for publication Give him the doctor's telephone number Review thefirst version of his report 5.Why does the professor say this() To question the length of the paper To offer encouragement To dispute the data sources To explain a theory6.What is the professor mainly discussing The development of motor skills in childrenHow psychologists measure muscle activity in the throat A theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinkingA study on deaf people's problem-solving techniques 7.Why does the professor say this() To give an example of a laryngeal habit To explain the meaning of a termTo explain why he is discussing laryngeal habitsTo remind students of a point he had discussed previously 8.Why does the professor say about people who use sign languageIt is not possible to study their thinking habits They exhibit laryngeal habitsThe muscles in their hands move when they solve problemsThey do not exhibit ideomotor action9.What point does the professor make when he refers to the university libraryA study on problem solving took place thereStudents should go there to read more about behaviorism Students' eyeswill turn toward it if they think about it He learned about William James' concept of thinking there 10.The professor describes a magic trick to the class,what does the magic trick demonstrate?An action people make that they are not aware of That behaviorists are not really scientists How psychologists study children A method for remembering locations11.What is the professor's opinion of the motor theory of thinkingMost of the evidence he has collected contradicts it It explains adult behavior better than it explains child behaviorIt is the most valid theory of thinking at the present time It cannot be completely proved or disproved12.What aspect of Manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly discuss in the lectureSimilarities between cotton fibers and manila hemp fibers Various types of manila hemp fibersThe economic importance of Manila hemp fibers A use of Manila hemp fibers13.Why does the professor mention going away for the weekend?To tell the class a jokeTo apologize for not completing some work To introduce the topic of the lectureTo encourage students to ask about her trip14.What does the professor imply about the name Manila hempIt is a commercial brand name Part of the name is inappropriate The name has recently changedThe name was first used in the 1940's15.Why does the professor mention the Golden Gate Bridge?To demonstrate a disadvantage of steel cables To give an example of the creative use of colorTo show that steel cables are able to resist salt water To give an example of a use of Manila hemp16.According to the professor, what was the main reason that many ships usedManila hemp ropes instead of steel cables? Manila hemp was cheaperManila hemp was easier to produceManila hemp is more resistant to salt water Manila hemp is lighter in weight17.According to the lecture, what are two ways to increase the strength or ropemade from Manila hemp fibers? Click on 2 answersCoat the fibers with zinc-based paintCombine the fibers into bundles Soak bundles of fibers in salt water Twist bundles of fibers Section 21.What are the students mainly discussing? Click on 2 answersTheir courses for next semester Their plans for the weekend A poetry clubA class assignment2.What does the man plan to do at the end of the month Register for classesFinish writing his master's thesis Leave his job at the coffee shop Take a short vacation3.Why does the man talk to the woman about the \Kitchen\To find out how often the club meetsTo inform her that the date of the next meeting has changedTo complain that not enough people are reading their poemsTo encourage her to attend4.What is the woman's attitude toward participating in the poetry club?She is looking forward to hearing her professor's poetry She is interested in attending but she has no timeShe thinks the poetry that is read there is not very good She used to participate but did not enjoy it 5.What will the students do in the summer They will both take coursesThey will both have full-time jobs They will travel to England together They will teach a class together6.What is the main purpose of the lecture? To illustrate the importance of extrinsic valuesTo explain Aristotle's views about the importance of teachingTo explain why people change what they value To discuss Aristotle's views about human happiness 7.The professor gives examples of things that have value for her. Indicate foreach example what type of value it has for her.Click in the correct box. This question is worth 2 points. Only extrinsic valueOnly intrinsic valueBoth extrinsic and intrinsic value Teaching Exercise healthPlaying a musical instrument8.Why is happiness central to Aristotle's theory? Because it is sodifficult for people to attainBecause it is valued for its own sake by all people Because it is a means to a productive lifeBecause most people agree about what happiness is9.According to the professor, why does Aristotle think that fame cannotprovide true happiness?Fame cannot be obtained without help from other people Fame cannot be obtained by all people Fame does not last foreverPeople cannot share their fame with other people10.What does the professor mean when she says this() Teaching is not a highly valued profession in society She may change professions in order to earn more money The reason she is a teacher has little to do with her salary More people would become teachers if the salary were higher11.What is Bode's law? A law of gravitationAn estimate of the distance between Mars and Jupiter A prediction of how many asteroids there are A pattern in the spacing of the planets12.Why does the professor explain Bode's Law to the class?To describe the size of the asteroidsTo explain who the asteroids belt was discoveredTo explain how gravitational forces influence the planets To describe the impact of telescopes on astronomy 13.How does the professor introduce Bode's Law? By demonstrating how it is derived mathematically By describing the discovery of UranusBy drawing attention to the inaccuracy of a certain pattern By telling the names of several of the asteroids 14.According to the professor, what twofactors contributed to the discovery of the asteroid Ceres? Click on 2 answers Improved telescopesAdvances in mathematics The discovery of a new starThe position of Uranus in a pattern感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动V olcano, volcanic 火山，火山的V olcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
