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计算机结构 英文 PPT 教案 PART 1 第一部分

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计算机英语课件-p1.1

计算机英语课件-p1.1

原因状语从句
to modify than hardware. Computers are valuable because
定语从句
they are general-purpose machines that can solve many
状语
different kinds of problems, as opposed to special-purpose
定语从句
machines that can each solve only one kind of problem.
[1]
Different problems can be solved with the same hardware by supplying the system with a different set of instructions, that is, with different software.
NOTES ［1］长句。主要部分是because引导的原因状语从句，
该从句由as opposed to….分开的两部分组成，每 部分都有一个that引导的定语从句。 ［2］总线不仅仅是一组线缆，它还包括一些逻辑电 路。此处是一种形象说法，有关总线的概念请见 本章1.5节。本句中the flow of information被后面 的flows from…省略that的定语从句修饰；which引 导的是非限定性定语从句。 ［3］ because引导的是原因状语从句；句子后面的that 引导的是定语从句，修饰work。
components connected to each other by the bus, is common.
However, other configurations are possible as well.

计算机英语课件—Unit1WhatIsAComputer

计算机英语课件—Unit1WhatIsAComputer

目录
• Fundamentals of Computer Networks and Internet Applications
• Data storage, transmission, and processing technology
• Introduction to cutting edge technologies such as artistic intelligence and the Internet of Things
Clock speed
Measures the speed of the CPU, determining how fast it can process data and execute instructions
Storage
1 2 3
Hard disk drive
A non-volatile storage device that stores and retries digital information using magnetic storage technology
Characteristics
Computers are characterized by their ability to store and process large amounts of data quickly and accurately They can also be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks, from simple calculations to complex simulations and analyses
Examples
Operating systems, device drivers, servers, utilities, and more

计算机网络英文课件Chapter1

计算机网络英文课件Chapter1
Introduction 1-11
client/server model
r r
peer-peer model:
r r
Network edge: connection-oriented service
Goal: data transfer
between end systems handshaking: setup (prepare for) data transfer ahead of time
Introduction 1-2
Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
protocols control sending,
receiving of msgs
r
router server local ISP
workstation mobile
e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, PPP
Internet: “network of
networks”
r r
loosely hierarchical public Internet versus private intranet RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force

计算机英语第五版课件01

计算机英语第五版课件01
来处理数据的主意。 conceive：v. 构想出；想出；设想 ➢ It was the Wright brothers who first conceived the design of a successful motor-
powered plane. 是莱特兄弟最先构想出由发动机驱动并飞起来的飞机的图样的。 ➢ He conceived of the first truly portable computer in 1968. 他在1968年构想出第一台真
ENIAC was granted a patent, which was overturned decades later ENIAC被授予了专利， 但是数十年后该专利被废除了。
9
计算机概览·语言点聚焦
each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9：这是现在分词独立结构，具有解释性功能。现 在分词可有其独立的逻辑主语（常常是名词或代词主格），置于其前面，二者构成一种分词 独立结构。现在分词独立结构常用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，一般置于 句首或句末。过去分词也有此类用法，构成过去分词独立结构。 ➢ Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们明天进行比
3
计算机概览·内容提要
➢ Charles Babbage & Augusta Ada Byron：被许多历m tube > transistor > IC > LSI > VLSI ✓ vacuum tube：真空管，最早用于电子计算机 ✓ transistor：晶体管，20世纪50年代末开始使用 ✓ IC (integrated circuit) : 集成电路，20世纪60年代末采用 ✓ LSI (large-scale integrated circuit)：大规模集成电路，20世纪70年代中期采用 ✓ VLSI (very large-scale integrated circuit)：超大规模集成电路

计算机英语课件 - Unit 1

计算机英语课件 - Unit 1

中央处理单元 内存 输入设备 输出设备 真空管 晶体管 大型集成电路 超大型集成电路
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （1）

A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions(指令), or program(程序), and then carry out (执行) this program by performing calculations on numerical data(数据) or by manipulating other forms of information.
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （1）

A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子设备。它能接受一套指令或 程序,然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他 形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
Unit 1 My Computer
History （2） - Electronic computers – the ENIAC
- ? Why a stored program?


The instructions, like the data, were stored within a “memory”, freeing the computer from the speed limitation of the paper-tape reader during execution(执行) and permitting problems to be solved without rewiring the computer. 这些指令，跟数据一样，也存储在内存里。这样计算 机在执行时摆脱纸带阅读器的速度限制，使得不用给 计算机重新导线问题也可以得到解决。

计算机英语Unit1-Computer-and-Computer-SciencePPT课件

计算机英语Unit1-Computer-and-Computer-SciencePPT课件

2021/4/8
4
II. History
III.
The first adding machine, a precursor of
the digital computer, was devised in the 1642 by
the French scientist, mathematician, amputers
Analogue computer began to be built in the late 19th century. Early models calculated by means of rotating shafts and gears. Numerical approximations of equations too difficult to solve in any other way were evaluated with such machine. Lord Kelvin built a mechanical tide predictor that was a specialized analogue computer. During World War 1 and 2, mechanical and later, electrical analogue computing systems were used as torpedo course predictors in submarines and as bombsight controllers in aircraft. Another system was designed to predict spring floods in the Mississippi River basin.
also multiply.

计算机结构 英文 PPT 教案 PART 1 第一部分

计算机结构 英文 PPT 教案 PART 1 第一部分
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 7
Levels of Program Code

High-level language


Level of abstraction closer to problem domain Provides for productivity and portability

Байду номын сангаас

Input/output includes

Display, keyboard, mouse Hard disk, CD/DVD, flash For communicating with other computers

Storage devices


Network adapters

Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 9
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 18
Technology Trends

Electronics technology continues to evolve


Increased capacity and performance Reduced cost

Hardware representation

§1.3 Under the Covers
Components of a Computer
The BIG Picture

Same components for all kinds of computer

计算机英语PPT-Computer English 1-1

计算机英语PPT-Computer English 1-1

Hard disks, or fixed disks, can be either fixed in the mainframe as a part of the internal design of a microcomputer or separate, external units. Internal hard disks reside permanently within the microcomputer and are removed only for servicing or replacement. External hard disks can be purchased alone and the attached to the microcomputer with cables; they are used for backing up large amounts of data or for additional storage capacity. Hard disks provide tremendous storage capacities ranging from to hundreds of gigabytes. Severapical secondary storage medium of a microcomputer is the floppy and hard disks. A floppy disk, or diskette is a thin circular piece of flexible polyester coated with a magnetic material. The data are recorded on a series of concentric circles called tracks. The access mechanism steps from track to track, reading or writing one track at a time. A track is subdivided into sectors. To distinguish the sectors, they are sequentially addressed by natural numbers 0, 1, 2 and so on. A sector is a primitive access unit. Most microcomputers use floppy diskettes of 3.5 inches in diameter. The following figure shows a 3.5 inches floppy diskette.

计算机介绍英文版PPT课件

计算机介绍英文版PPT课件

可编辑课件
Next
17
Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
➢ Collection of computers and devices connected together
Communications Device
Enables a connection
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Internet below Chapter 1
p. 11 Fig. 1-9
可编辑课件
Next
21
Networks and the Internet
Define the term computer and identify its components
Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Identify the types of computer users
Discuss various computer applications in society
可编辑课件
Next
2
A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?
➢ Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

计算机组成与结构体系英文课件：Chapter 1 – Basic Structure of Com

计算机组成与结构体系英文课件：Chapter 1 – Basic Structure of Com

Functional Units (9)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Function
Execute arithmetic or logic operations
Most computer operations are executed in ALU of the processor.
Computer Organization & Architecture
Chapter 1 – Basic Structure of Computers
Content of this lecture
1.1 Computer Types 1.2 Functional Units 1.3 Basic Operational Concepts 1.6 Performance 1.7 Historical Perspective Summary
0
34
15
Opcode
Address
An Example Instruction Format
Fetch Cycle
Execute Cycle
Fetch
Execute
Start
Instruction
Instruction
Halt
Instruction Cycle
Basic Operational Concepts (3)
Secondary Storage Store many programs and large amounts of data,particularly for information that is accessed infrequently. Magnetic Disks and Tapes ▪ Hard disks ▪ Floppy disks Optical Disks ▪ CD-ROMs

计算机专业英语课件Unit01

计算机专业英语课件Unit01

1.2 Section B: The Internet of Things
• Words
• bidding[ˈbidiŋ] n. 吩咐，投标 • brew[bruː] v. 煮(咖啡)，酿制(啤酒)，沏(茶) • gadget[ˈgædʒit] n. 小装置，小器具 • downtime[ˈdauntaim] n. 停止运行时间 • crumble[ˈkrʌmbl] v. 坍塌，损坏 • impending[imˈpendiŋ] adj. 即将发生的，迫在眉
1. Public cloud is a cloud environment in which all cloud infrastructure and computing resources are dedicated to, and accessible by, one customer only. 2. The private cloud provider owns, manages, and assumes all responsibility for the data centers, hardware, and infrastructure 3. Multicloud is the use of two or more public clouds together with a private cloud environment. 4. Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private cloud environments. 5. SaaS is application software that's hosted in the cloud and that you access and use via a Web browser, a dedicated desktop client, or an API that integrates with your desktop or mobile operating system.

第一章计算机组成结构(英文)

第一章计算机组成结构(英文)
• The individually owned desktop computer replaced time-sharing and led to the rise of servers（服务 器）—computers that provided larger-scale services such as reliable, longterm file storage and access, larger memory, and more computing power（计算能 力）.
• In the 1960s, the dominant form of computing was on large mainframes— machines costing millions of dollars and stored in computer rooms with multiple operators overseeing their support. Typical applications included business data processing and large-scale scientific computing(大规模科学计算).
Introduction
The Changing Face of Computing and the Task of the Computer Designer
• The 1990s saw the emergence of the Internet and the World Wide Web, the first successful handheld computing devices (personal digital assistants or PDAs), and the emergence of high-performance digital consumer electronics, from video games to set-top boxes（机顶盒）.

计算机英语 讲课教程unit.ppt

计算机英语 讲课教程unit.ppt
Monitor
Sizes Quality Design
Benefits
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计算机英语教程 unit-1 by mkc
2-1-17
Sound Card
MP3:
MPEG audio layer3
MPEG: Moving Pict Nhomakorabeare Experts Group
WAV: Wave WMA: Windows Media Audio MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface
2-1-10
Hard Drive
There are three primary considerations when choosing hard drives.
Storage capacity
存储容量
Rotational speed Interface
转速 接口
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计算机英语教程 unit-1 by mkc
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计算机英语教程 unit-1 by mkc
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Memory
RAM ------random access memory 随机存储器 ROM------？
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计算机英语教程 unit-1 by mkc
2-1-9
Hard Drive
exit
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计算机英语教程 unit-1 by mkc
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计算机英语教程 unit-1
2-1-15
by mkc
The director often sat with the 3D artist to try out ideas, making changes to high-resolution images on the fly.

计算机组成与体系结构英文版教学设计

计算机组成与体系结构英文版教学设计

Computer Organization and Architecture Course Design IntroductionThis course is designed to introduce the students to the fundamentals of computer organization and architecture. It focuses on the internal structure of computers and how they process data. The course will cover topics such as digital logic, assembly language programming, memory hierarchy, instruction set architectures, and operating systems. This course is suitable for students who have a basic understanding of programming and want to deepen their knowledge of how computers work.Course Objectives•Develop an understanding of the internal workings of a computer and its components.•Learn the principles of digital logic and how it is used in computer design.•Gn the skills to read and write assembly language programs.•Understand the memory hierarchy and how it affects program performance.•Learn about different instruction set architectures and their advantages and disadvantages.•Gn an understanding of operating systems and their roles in computer systems.Course OutlineUnit 1: Digital Logic and Computer Design•Introduction to digital logic and Boolean algebra•Combinational and sequential logic circuits•Introduction to the basics of computer design and organization•Data representation and binary arithmetic•Performance measurement and benchmarkingUnit 2: Assembly Language Programming•Introduction to assembly language programming•Basic arithmetic and logical operations•Data transfer instructions•Branching and looping instructions•Introduction to subroutine calls and return instructions Unit 3: Memory Hierarchy and Cache Design•The memory hierarchy and its performance characteristics •The concept of locality and its impact on program performance•The different types of memory in a computer system•The design of cache memory and its impact on program performanceUnit 4: Instruction Set Architectures•The different types of instruction set architectures•The advantages and disadvantages of different instruction set architectures•Introduction to pipelining and its impact on program performanceUnit 5: Operating Systems•Introduction to operating systems•The role of the operating system in a computer system•Memory management•Process management and scheduling•Input/output managementCourse DeliveryThis course will be delivered through a combination of lectures, tutorials, and practical labs. The lectures will cover the theoretical concepts, while tutorials will provide an opportunity for students toask questions and clarify their understanding. The practical labs will give students the opportunity to apply their knowledge to real-world problems and gn hands-on experience with programming and computer hardware.AssessmentAssessment for this course will be based on the following components: •Assignments: 30%•Mid-term Exam: 30%•Final Exam: 40%ConclusionThis course provides a comprehensive introduction to computer organization and architecture, covering topics such as digital logic, assembly language programming, memory hierarchy, instruction set architectures, and operating systems. By the end of the course, students will have a deep understanding of how computers work and the skills to write efficient and effective programs. The course will provide a solid foundation for further study in computer science and related fields.。

计算机系统结构(英文课件)

计算机系统结构(英文课件)

The control unit fetches and decodes instructions from memory, and then directs the other parts of the computer to perform the required operations.
The arithmetic and logic unit performs arithmetic and logical operations on data stored in the memory.
Bus
A bus is a shared communication channel that allows different components of the computer system to communicate with each other. There are different types of buses, such as address bus, data bus, and control bus.

Types of Buses
Address bus, data bus, control bus are the main types of buses in a computer system. Address bus is used to send address information to identify memory locations or I/O devices; data bus is used to transfer data between components; control bus is used to send control signals to coordinate the operation of different components.

计算机英语课件Unit1_Computer_and_Computer_Science

计算机英语课件Unit1_Computer_and_Computer_Science

ENIAC contained 18000 vacuum tubes and had a speed of several hundred multiplications per minute, but originally its program was wired into the processor and had to be manually altered. Later machines were built with program storage, based on the ideas of the Hungarian-American mathematician john von Neumann. The instructions, like the data, were stored within a ―memory‖, freeing the computer from the speed limitations of the paper-tape reader during execution and permitting problems to be solved without rewiring the computer.
The modern world of high technology could not have come about except for the development of the computer. Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household accounts. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing through the techniques of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.

计算机系统结构英PPT课件

计算机系统结构英PPT课件
an error or a user request.
An operating system is interrupt driven.
.
5
Interrupt Handling
The operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter.
to be queried by CPU (status register)
Identifying the address of each device
.
4
Common Functions of Interrupts
Interrupts transfers control to the interrupt service routine
generally, through the interrupt vector, which contains the
addresses of all the service routines.
通常中断通过中断向量把控制传给中断服务程序
Interrupt architecture must save the address of the interrupted instruction.
.
8
I/O Structure
1. No channel (IOP): CPU-Oriented
polling
CPU
System Bus
C
C
C
…
C
RAM Disk Drive Printer
Device
.
9
I/O Structure
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Programming language, compiler, architecture


Processor and memory system


I/O system (including OS)

Determines how fast I/O operations are executed
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 6

Non-volatile secondary memory


Magnetic disk Flash memory Optical disk (CDROM, DVD)
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 17
Networks

Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 12
Opening the Box
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 13
Inside theMarket
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 4
What You Will Learn

How programs are translated into the machine language

And how the hardware executes them


System software


Handling input/output Managing memory and storage Scheduling tasks & sharing resources

Hardware

Processor, memory, I/O controllers
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 18
Technology Trends

Electronics technology continues to evolve


Increased capacity and performance Reduced cost

The hardware/software interface What determines program performance

And how it can be improved


How hardware designers improve performance What is parallel processing
Technology Vacuum tube Transistor Integrated circuit (IC) Very large scale IC (VLSI) Ultra large scale IC
DRAM capacity
Year 1951 1965 1975 1995 2005
Relative performance/cost 1 35 900 2,400,000 6,200,000,000

Makes novel applications feasible


Computers are pervasive
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 2
Classes of Computers

Desktop computers

Hardware representation

§1.3 Under the Covers
Components of a Computer
The BIG Picture

Same components for all kinds of computer

Desktop, server, embedded User-interface devices
Inside the Processor

AMD Barcelona: 4 processor cores
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 15
Abstractions
The BIG Picture

Abstraction helps us deal with complexity
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 19
§1.4 Performance
Defining Performance

Which airplane has the best performance?
Boeing 777 Boeing 747 BAC/Sud Concorde Douglas DC-8-50 0 100 200 300 400 500 Boeing 777 Boeing 747 BAC/Sud Concorde Douglas DC8-50 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Hide lower-level detail The hardware/software interface

Instruction set architecture (ISA)


Application binary interface

The ISA plus system software interface The details underlying and interface

General purpose, variety of software Subject to cost/performance tradeoff Network based High capacity, performance, reliability Range from small servers to building sized
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 5
Understanding Performance

Algorithm

Determines number of operations executed Determine number of machine instructions executed per operation Determine how fast instructions are executed

Datapath: performs operations on data Control: sequences datapath, memory, ... Cache memory

Small fast SRAM memory for immediate access to data
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 14
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 11
Through the Looking Glass

LCD screen: picture elements (pixels)

Mirrors content of frame buffer memory


LED illuminates desktop Small low-res camera Basic image processor

Looks for x, y movement

Buttons & wheel

Supersedes roller-ball mechanical mouse


Input/output includes

Display, keyboard, mouse Hard disk, CD/DVD, flash For communicating with other computers

Storage devices


Network adapters

Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 9

Assembly language

Textual representation of instructions
Binary digits (bits) Encoded instructions and data
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 8
§1.2 Below Your Program
Below Your Program

Application software

Written in high-level language Compiler: translates HLL code to machine code Operating System: service code
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 16

Implementation