高考考点英语状语用法

高考考点英语状语用法(一)概叙定义：英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。

状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情状,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语的分类：状语按其修饰的功能不同可分为九大类——时间状语，地点状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，结果状语，让步状语，比较状语和方式（伴随）状语。

状语的构成：状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。

状语的位置：状语一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

如果一个中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些.其中副词的位置较为灵活,副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

请看下面例句：1.副词一般在句子中做状语．He speaks English very well.2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。

I come specially to see you.3.介词短语My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.4.从句作状语When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.5.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

(现在分词)Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)另外要注意英语一般状语和句首状语的区别，状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称"句首状语"。

（二）详细讲解（1）状语从句的分类及其连接词的选择状语从句（Adverbial Clause）:状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语，它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

根据其作用可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。

从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。

状语从句的时态特点: 一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. If he comes back, please let me know.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。

现分别列举如下:1．时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until.特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2．地点状语从句(adverbial clause of place)常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere.Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。

【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。

You should have put the book where you found it. Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。

而wherever 本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.3．原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, for.特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 4．目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that.特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that ∕for the purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5．结果状语从句常用引导词：so … that, such … that,特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that.To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.6．条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless.特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if,providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7．让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though.特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever.Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.8．比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较).特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; justas …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B.Food is to men what oil is to machine.9．方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how.特殊引导词：the way.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.10. 状语从句的简化状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。

从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。

When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .另外，比较状语从句经常省略。

The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。

状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。

因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。

状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。

下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。

If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. (2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。

常用于以下几种情形:a.连词+形容词Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.b.连词+名词While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.c.连词+现在分词As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.d.连词+过去分词He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.e.连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.f. 连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。