汽车倒车测距仪的设计外文翻译

汽车倒车测距仪的设计目录摘要 (2)Abstract (2)第一章绪论 (3)1. 1 研究背景 (3)1. 2 发展概况和当前存在的问题 (4)1. 2. 1 发展概况 (4)1. 2. 2 当前存在的问题 (4)1. 3 本设计的主要内容和目的 (5)第二章系统方案相关理论 (6)2. 1 汽车倒车超声波测距系统主要功能的概述 (6)2. 2 汽车倒车超声波测距系统的原理 (7)2. 3 超声波测距系统的主要技术指标 (9)第三章硬件设计及调试 (10)3. 1 系统装置的硬件组成 (10)3. 1. 1 单片机控制系统 (10)3. 1. 2 超声波发射电路 (11)3. 1. 3 超声波接受电路 (11)3. 1. 4 LED液晶显示电路 (13)3. 2 焊接 (14)3. 3 调试过程及方法 (14)第四章软件设计及调试 (16)4. 1 系统软件设计整体介绍 (16)4. 2 系统的程序 (17)4. 3 软件调试简介 (24)第五章总结 (25)致谢 (26)参考文献 (27)汽车倒车测距仪摘要随着科学技术的快速发展，超声波在传感器中的应用也越来越广。

但就目前技术水平来说，人们可以具体利用的传感技术还十分有限，因此，这是一个正在蓬勃发展而又有无限前景的技术及产业领域。

而本文介绍的是一种可应用于倒车测距仪的超声波测距系统。

本系统采用STC89C52单片机为核心，结合发射和接受模块以及液晶显示构成整个的测距系统，该系统能够在汽车以较低的速度进行倒车的过程中，识别出车后部的障碍物，并能够测量车与障碍物之间的距离，在车辆与障碍物发生碰撞前，发出声光报警，提醒司机刹车。

倒车测距仪是用来探测车身和周围的障碍物并显示其距离，以帮助驾驶员安全倒车或停车的辅助电子设备，对驾驶员倒车的安全起到了很大作用。

因此本系统的设计具有广泛的运用价值和意义。

关键词：传感技术超声波测距运用价值AbstractWith the rapid development of science and technology, in the application of ultrasonic sensors is more and more widely. But so far the technical level, the specific use range finder technology is limited, so, it is a vigorous development and infinite prospect areas of technology and industry. And this paper is a kind of can be applied to reverse the ranger ultrasonic ranging system. The system uses the STC89C52 microcontroller as the core, combining the launch and accept modules and liquid crystal display constitute the whole range finder system, This system can be identify obstacles at the back of the car and able to measure the distance between the car and the obstacles,and before the car run into obstacles,it can give out sound and light alarm signal, remind the driver brakes,when the car reversing with a low speed ,.Reverse rangefinder is an assist electronic equipment what can used to detect the body and the surrounding obstacles and show the distance, to help the driver safety reversing or parking,It plays a large role when the drive reversing So the design of system hasbroad application value and meaning.Keyword：sensor technology ultrasonic ranging use Value第一章绪论1. 1 研究背景信息高度发达、生活快节奏的现代社会中，电子信息技术的应用随处可见，在生活中已投入使用的有：电视机、手机、电脑、先进的工业控制系统、通信雷达系统和卫星遥感系统，甚至是汽车倒车、无人侦查飞机等无一例外的不使用到电子信息技术。

题目：汽车倒车测距仪目录1、课程设计目的及内容要求----------------32、设计思路及原理----------------------------33、电路设计原理图----------------------------44、程序清单及流程图-------------------------95、问题分析及解决方法----------------------146、心得体会-------------------------------------15一、设计内容及要求1、设计一个微机控制的汽车倒车测距仪，能测量并显示车辆后部障碍物离车辆的距离，同时用间歇的“嘟嘟”声发出警报，“嘟嘟”声间隙随障碍物距离缩短而缩短，驾驶员不但可以直接观察到检测的距离，还可以凭听觉判断车后障碍物离车辆距离的远近；①开机后先显示“———”，并有开机指示灯。

②CPU发射超声波1ms，然后显示60ms；即1ms+60ms为一个工作周期，等待回波，在次周期内完成一次探测。

③根据距离远近发出报警声并显示距离。

障碍物距离小于1m，距离值变化5cm更换显示，否则不更换；距离在1m以上，新值与原显示值之差大于10cm更换，否则不更换。

④用三LED位数码管显示障碍物距离2、硬件电路原理图和软件框图；3 编写控制程序，写出设计任务书（总结报告）。

4设计任务：（1）、选用8088和适当的存储器及接口芯片完成相应的功能。

（2）、用LED显示器显示电子锁的当前状态。

（3）、画出详细的硬件连接图。

（4）、给出程序设计思路、画出软件流程图。

（5）、给出地址分配表。

（6）、给出所有程序清单并加上必要注释。

（7）、完成设计说明书（列出参考文献，所用器件型号）。

二、设计原理超声波测距原理：利用发射超声波的装置向着某一方向发射一束超声波，再利用计时器计算超声波发出以及遇到障碍物反射回来的时间差来测量距离。

由声音在空气中的传播速度v=340m/s及匀速运动位移关系式：s=vt可计得声音往返距离s，则s/2就是单程距离。

毕业设计论文外文文献翻译超声波测距中英文对照The Circuit Design of UltrasonicRanging System超声波测距系统的电路设计Ultrasonic Distance Meter超声波测距仪姓名:专业: 测控技术与仪器学号: 2007071071指导教师姓名,职称,:The Circuit Design of Ultrasonic Ranging SystemThis article described the three directions (before, left, right) ultrasonic ranging system is to understand the front of the robot, left and right environment to provide a movement away from the information. (Similar to GPS Positioning System)A principle of ultrasonic distance measurement1, the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generatorPiezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectriccrystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator, the internal structure as shown in Figure 1, it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When it's two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibrationresonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, if the two are notinter-electrode voltage, when the board received ultrasonic resonance,it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it becomes the ultrasonic receiver.2, the principle of ultrasonic distance measurementUltrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound, in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, obstacles on his way to return immediately, the ultrasonic reflected wave received by the receiver immediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m / s, according to the timer records the time t, we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barrier (s), that is: s = 340t / 2 Ultrasonic Ranging System for the Second Circuit DesignSystem is characterized by single-chip microcomputer to control the use of ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time, single-chip selection of 8751, economic-to-use, and the chip has 4K of ROM, to facilitate programming. Circuit schematic diagram shown in Figure 2. Draw only the front range of the circuit wiring diagram, left and right in front of Ranging circuits and the same circuit, it is omitted.1,40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launchRanging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric ceramic sensors UCM40, its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz, whichby the single-chip implementation of the following procedures to generate.puzel: mov 14h, # 12h; ultrasonic firing continued 200mshere: cpl p1.0; output 40kHz square wavenop;nop;nop;djnz 14h, here;retRanging in front of single-chip termination circuit P1.0 input port, single chip implementation of the above procedure, the P1.0 port in a40kHz pulse output signal, after amplification transistor T, the drive to launch the first ultrasonic UCM40T, issued 40kHz ultrasonic pulse, and the continued launch of 200ms. Ranging the right and the left side of the circuit, respectively, then input port P1.1 and P1.2, the working principle and circuit in front of the same location.2, reception and processing of ultrasonicUsed to receive the first launch of the first pair UCM40R, the ultrasonic pulse modulation signal into an alternating voltage, the op-amp amplification IC1A and after polarization IC1B to IC2. IC2 is locked loop with audio decoder chip LM567, internal voltage-controlledoscillator center frequency of f0 = 1/1.1R8C3, capacitor C4 determine their target bandwidth. R8-conditioning in the launch of the carrier frequency on the LM567 input signal is greater than 25mV, the outputfrom the high jump 8 feet into a low-level, as interrupt request signals to the single-chip processing.Ranging in front of single-chip termination circuit output port INT0 interrupt the highest priority, right or left location of the output circuit with output gate IC3A access INT1 port single-chip, whilesingle-chip P1.3 and P1. 4 received input IC3A, interrupted by the process to identify the source of inquiry to deal with, interruptpriority level for the first left right after. Part of the source codeis as follows:receive1: push pswpush accclr ex1; related external interrupt 1jnb p1.1, right; P1.1 pin to 0, ranging from right to interrupt service routine circuitjnb p1.2, left; P1.2 pin to 0, to the left ranging circuit interrupt service routinereturn: SETB EX1; open external interrupt 1pop accpop pswretiright: ...; right location entrance circuit interrupt serviceroutineAjmp Returnleft: ...; left Ranging entrance circuit interrupt service routineAjmp Return4, the calculation of ultrasonic propagation timeWhen you start firing at the same time start the single-chipcircuitry within the timer T0, the use of timer counting function records the time and the launch of ultrasonic reflected wave received time. When you receive the ultrasonic reflected wave, the receivercircuit outputs a negative jump in the end of INT0 or INT1 interrupt request generates a signal, single-chip microcomputer in response to external interrupt request, the implementation of the external interrupt service subroutine, read the time difference, calculating the distance . Some of its source code is as follows:RECEIVE0: PUSH PSWPUSH ACCCLR EX0; related external interrupt 0MOV R7, TH0; read the time valueMOV R6, TL0?CLR CMOV A, R6SUBB A, # 0BBH; calculate the time differenceMOV 31H, A; storage resultsMOV A, R7SUBB A, # 3CHMOV 30H, ASETB EX0; open external interrupt 0POP ACCPOP PSWRETIFourth, the ultrasonic ranging system software designSoftware is divided into two parts, the main program and interrupt service routine, shown in Figure 3 (a) (b) (c) below. Completion of the work of the main program is initialized, each sequence of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving control.Interrupt service routines from time to time to complete three ofthe rotation direction of ultrasonic launch, the main external interrupt service subroutine to read the value of completion time, distance calculation, the results of the output and so on.V. CONCLUSIONSRequired measuring range of 30cm ~ 200cm objects inside the plane to do a number of measurements found that the maximum error is 0.5cm, and good reproducibility. Single-chip design can be seen on the ultrasonic ranging system has a hardware structure is simple, reliable, small features such as measurement error. Therefore, it can be used not only for mobile robot can be used in other detection systems.Thoughts: As for why the receiver do not have the transistoramplifier circuit, because the magnification well, CX20106 integrated amplifier, but also with automatic gain control level, magnification to 76dB, the center frequency is 38k to 40k, is exactly resonant ultrasonic sensors frequency.超声波测距系统的电路设计本文所介绍的三方向(前、左、右)超声波测距系统，就是为机器人了解其前方、左侧和右侧的环境而提供一个运动距离信息。

郑州科技学院本科毕业设计(论文)题目汽车检测站设计姓名专业09交通运输学号指导教师郑州科技学院机械工程学院二O一三年五月原文一2.1 Common System ConfigurationsAll chassis dynamometers have several key features in common. Most importantly, a means of absorbing the power output from the test vehicle’s engine is needed to allow different loads to be applied for a variety of testing procedures. Energy is transmitted to this power absorber via a direct connection to the vehicle’s wheel hubs, or through a set of rollers, which are rotated by the wheels of the test vehicle. Flywheels and/or a motoring capability may also be included if vehicle inertia is to be simulated. Descriptions of inertia simulation and the modelling of various vehicle forces are included in Chapter 3. Systems that incorporate a set of large rollers (one roller for each driven wheel) are more common in applications requiring long term running of the vehicle, in which tyre overheating can occur. Hub dynamometers are best suited to engine tuning applications which demand rapid response and minimal set-up time between tests. A common and versatile dynamometer layout consists of a single DC or AC machine mounted outside the rollers and on the same axis, as shown in Figure 2.1..Output power is most commonly absorbed by hydraulic or electric machines—also known as dynamometers—which dissipate power either as heat or electrical energy.A single unit that can perform both motoring (power output) and generating (power absorption) functions is a common feature in commercially available chassis dynamometers.All but the simplest of garage tuning dynamometers include the capacity to measure the equivalent road speed and tractive force applied at the vehicle’s wheels. Chassis dynamometers for in-depth driving cycle and vehicle mapping tests customarily incorporate many different measuring devices, which are sampled and recorded by a computer-controlled data acquisition system. Common features of interest during a dynamometer test include the exhaust emissions (such as CO, CO2, NOX and unburnt hydrocarbons), vehicle cooling water and oil temperatures, and of course tractive force and power output. Fuel consumption and air inlet flowrates may also be recorded for combustion powered vehicles, and these often require adjustment to the standard engine intake equipment. Where the system is controlled by a computer, processing power and user interfaces vary greatly. The simplest forms may consist only of a data logging function which saves information for later viewing, while more sophisticated systems incorporate digital control of the dynamometer, prompts and feedback to the operator, as well as the recording and graphical display of data. Rates of screen update, data sampling, and control signal output are dependent mostly upon the processing speed of the control computer and its associated electronics.译文一2.1常用的系统配置所有的底盘测功机有几个关键的共同特点。

石家庄铁道大学毕业设计汽车倒车测距仪的设计与实现The Design of Auto Reverse Rangefinder完成日期 2012 年 05 月 25 日毕业设计成绩单毕业设计任务书题目汽车倒车测距仪设计和实现一、主要内容单片机STC89系列利用超声波测距模块对障碍物距离检测,对超过阈值的距离报警动作。

二、基本要求1．单片机完成超声波测距。

2．实现根据不同的距离信息进行不同样式的报警。

3．使用Keil C编程,实现相关逻辑控制。

4．电路原理图设计，Protel印刷电路图设计。

5．提出系统设计框图，提出相应的解决方案。

三、主要技术指标（或研究方法）1．电压直流5V，工作电流小于500mA。

2．完成主要功能。

3．电路原理图。

4．使用说明书撰写。

四、应收集的资料及参考文献C语言开发。

关于STC89系列相关单片机开发文档。

相关传感和显示器件使用手册和接口电路。

五、进度计划第1周：开题，并完成开题报告。

第2-8 周：资料收集，文献阅读，系统设计，电路实现，程序仿真。

第9-14周：系统综合调试完成，撰写设计说明书。

第15-16周：准备参加答辩。

教研室主任签字时间年月日毕业设计开题报告题目汽车倒车测距仪设计和实现一、背景和意义安全是围绕汽车的永恒主题。

随着公路交通特别是高速公路交通的飞速发展，交通事故特别是恶性交通事故呈不断上升趋势，交通安全越来越受到广泛关注，因此世界各国在研究只能车辆自主导航技术的同时，投入大量的人力物力，致力于提高汽车行驶安全性。

随着我国经济飞速发展，越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车，同时由泊车和倒车所引发的事故也越来越多。

因此，有助于驾驶员泊车和倒车的倒车倒车测距仪应运而生。

二、课题研究内容单片机STC89系列利用超声波测距模块对障碍物距离检测。

对超过阈值的距离报警动作。

三、课题预期目的本研究包括超声波发射和接受、液晶显示和语音播报等模块，在倒车时，汽车在智能控制器的控制下，由车尾部的超声波发生器探头发送超声波信号，当遇到障碍物时，产生回波信号，探头接受到回波信号后井控制器进行数据处理并计算出车体与障碍物之间的实际距离，然后通过显示或语音设备提示给驾驶员。

外文翻译毕业设计题目：超声波倒车雷达预警原文1：DISTANCE MEASURING AND MONITORING DEVICE EQUIPPED AUTOMOBILE REVERSE RADAR译文1：距离测量和监控设备装备汽车反向雷达原文2：ULTRASONIC SENSOR ASSEMBLY FOR AVEHICLE REVERSING RADAR译文2DISTANCE MEASURING AND MONITORING DEVICE EQUIPPED AUTOMOBILE REVERSE RADAR(原文1)This design relates to an automobile commutating radar, an ultrasonic sensor comprising the radar. The ordinary car commutation radar is usually installed in the rear bumper of a car. The vehicle has a commutation radar sensor, a ceramic chip in the polarization electric field, due to the reverse piezoelectric vibration of the aluminum housing and transmitting an ultrasonic signal, and receiving the reflected ultrasonic signal into an effective distance. Therefore, a driver will know that this situation is reversed in the rear of the vehicle do not have to stop looking for the front of the vehicle.A good ultrasonic sensor ultrasonic signal should be sent to a central area, produced a strong reaction in order to achieve a sensitive detection. The distance along the line of its axis with reference to Figure 5, a conventional ultrasonic sensor sensitive areas, the reception sensitivity in a test has 250 cm, and a sensitive, including 60 degree angle in the above 2 (X) cm. Thus, the conventional sensor performance has a low accuracyIn some vehicles, the most traditional ultrasonic sensor mounted in the front and rear bumpers. Vehicles of a monitor in a dashboard display, ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle. However, with the conventional ultrasonic sensor has a sensitive wide angle, they must be installed in the end of the bumper to prevent the ultrasonic signals interfere with each other. However, the distance in each ultrasonic sensor is so large is still very low detection accuracy.In addition, when parking the vehicle, ultrasonic sensors often detect other vehicles parked next to the vehicle as an obstacle, so the driver may be a false alarm.Accordingly, the present design provides an improved ultrasonic sensors to reduce or eliminate the above problems.Summary of the designThe main purpose is to provide the design of an ultrasonic sensor sensitive to the radar has high precision long distance and a little sensitive to the angle of the car for. Other objectives, advantages and novel features of the design will become more apparent from the following detailed description together when an ultrasonic transducer assembly of the vehicle the commutation radar has an ultrasonic sensor and the two wires. A sleeve is received by the rubbermaterial and has a chamber sensor. A tapered opening that is defined in a front chamber. A wave guide cone is provided to open and close to the sensor in the center of the tapered. By using the sensor assembly, automotive radar there is a reversal of precision long detection distance in a concentrated area.The reference to the diagram, an ultrasonic sensor assembly for a car reversing radar, in accordance with the design consists of a sensor, a set, a guided wave cone, and a housing (ultrasonic sensor has a structure like traditional sensors, and two wires extending from sensors.Sleeve, usually made of rubber, there is one which is defined as the receiving sensor. A tapered shape of the opening is defined at the front and an opening formed on the lower side to prevent the ultrasonic signal reflected from the ground to cause false alarms. A flange formed on the rear of the sleeve.The definition channel for receiving signals. A rear cover is provided on the rear side of the space to encapsulate the sensor and the sleeve inside.In the assembled state shown in Figure 2, the guide wave cone installed you like bracket combination conical opening of the center of the casing and highlights. The heating wire extends the bracket backward and exit back cover. The sleeve is placed in the housing flange butt shoulder wires and heating wire extends from the back cover of the diaphragm. A pad, made of a resin or other soft material, is provided between the sleeve is An ci back cover, so the sleeve and the sensor housing can be stably received.Figure 4 illustrates a detector effect Contrast sensor and unguided wave cone, wherein the solid line illustrates the sensor wave guide cone, and the conflict lines described sensor without the guided wave taper. As shown in Figure 4, at a test frequency of about 40 kHz (35 kHz), gift of design of the sensor can be provided to an ultrasonic signal with a Federation higher than traditional sensors. Therefore, the design of detection better than traditional sensors作者：Joan Smith；Mike Howard ；国籍：USA出处：United States Patent距离测量和监控设备装备汽车反向雷达(译文1)本设计涉及一种汽车换向雷达,用一个超声波传感器组成该雷达。

编号：审定成绩：设计（论文）题目：汽车倒车测距仪的设计摘要随着我国经济的飞速发展，汽车的需求量急剧增加，现在家家户户拥有汽车已经成为现实。

但是随着汽车数量的增加，其引发的事故也不断的在增加。

倒车引发的汽车事故也占不小的比重，而倒车时车尾存在的盲区是其主导因素，因此解决倒车盲区是安全驾驶必须要解决的问题。

本设计采用以STC89C52单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件设计方法。

整个电路采用模块化设计，由主程序、预置子程序、发射子程序、接收子程序、显示子程序等模块组成。

各探头的信号经单片机综合分析处理，实现超声波测距仪的各种功能。

在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。

相关部分附有硬件电路图、程序流程图。

该设计通过模块的组合和软件的控制，实现了设计要求的功能，本设计在使用上面方便，成本较低，可设置最小距离，不但完成了这些功能，还达到了汽车倒车的安全指标。

【关键词】STC89C52 超声波测距仪蜂鸣器LCDABSTRACTWith the rapid development of our economy,the demand for cars has increased dramatically, and now each and every family has a car has become a reality. But with the increasing number of cars, the accidents are increasing.Reversing rear blind spot is the dominant factor and finally solved reverse dead zones be safe driving have to resolve this problem.At the core of the design using STC89C52 low-cost, high accuracy, Micro figures show that the ultrasonic range finder hardware and software design methods. Modular de-sign of the whole circuit from the main program, pre subroutine fired subroutine receive subroutine. Display subroutine modules form. SCM comprehensive analysis of the probe signal processing, and the ultrasonic range finder function. The overall system design, hardware and software are presented.The design of the control modules and software, achieve the design requirements of function. The design is easy to use, low cost and feasible to set the minimum distance. These features are not only finished, also reached the Auto reverse safety indicators.【Key words】STC89C52 Ultrasonic rangefinder Buzzer LCD目录前言 (1)一、研究背景 (1)二、研究现状 (1)三、研究方法 (2)四、本研究的主要内容与论文组织结构 (2)五、本设计研究的意义 (4)第一章主要原器件介绍 (5)第一节STC89C52单片机 (5)第二节HY-SRF05超声波模块 (9)第三节LCD1602 (11)第四节其他的电子元件介绍 (14)第五节本章小结 (15)第二章倒车系统方案的设计 (16)第一节系统整体方案 (16)第二节最小系统的设计 (17)第三节显示报警模块的设计 (18)第四节超声波测距设计 (18)第五节本章小结 (19)第三章系统硬件设计 (20)第一节超声波测距模块 (20)第二节LCD1602显示模块设计 (22)第三节LED灯和蜂鸣器的硬件设计 (22)第四节本章小结 (23)第四章系统的软件设计 (24)第一节主程序设计 (24)第二节LCD1602显示程序的设计 (26)第三节蜂鸣器分段报警程序 (27)第四节本章小结 (29)第五章系统的调试 (30)第一节硬件的调试 (30)第二节软件的调试 (30)第三节本章小结 (31)结论 (32)致谢 (33)参考文献 (34)附录 (36)一、英文原文： (36)二、英文翻译: (40)三、工程电路图 (43)四、程序 (45)前言一、研究背景随着我国经济的建设、社会的进步、人们生活水平的提高，汽车已经与老百姓的生活密不可分，已不再是奢侈品。

数字超声波倒车测距仪设计摘要为了帮助汽车驾驶员实现安全倒车的目的，根据超声波测距的工作原理，采用51单片机系统及超传感器为硬件核心，声波采用单片机C语言编写程序，设计出一套具有实时超声波速度修正及可多方位进行检测扫描的超声波测距系统。

实现汽车在倒车过程中一旦接近有障碍物时，立刻自动报警并显示出汽车尾部到障碍物距离的功能。

关键词：数字超声波；测距仪；倒车AbstractIn order to help the car driver achieve the purpose of safe reversing, according to the working principle of ultrasonic ranging, 51 single-chip system and super sensor are used as the hardware core, and the sound wave is programmed by the single-chip C language, and a set of real-time ultrasonic speed correction and design can be designed. Ultrasonic ranging system for detecting scanning in azimuth. When the car is approaching an obstacle during the reversing process, it immediately alarms and displays the function of the rear end of the car to the obstacle. Key words: digital ultrasonic; range finder; reversing目录第一章引言 (2)1.1课题研究背景 (3)1.2 课题研究的意义 (3)第二章超声波测距仪系统总体设计 (4)2.1 超声波传感器简介 (4)2.2 超声波传感器的检测方式 (5)2.3 超声波传感器系统的构成 (7)2.4 超声波测距仪的基本工作原理 (7)第三章超声波仪硬件设计与实现 (8)3.1 超声波发射电路 (9)3.2 超声波检测接收电路 (10)3.3LCD显示电路 (10)3.4语音报警电路 (11)3.5超声波传感器 (11)3.6 时钟电路 (12)3.7 复位电路 (13)3.8 放大电路及参数设定 (13)3.9 电压比较电路及参数设计 (13)第四章超声波测距仪软件设计与实现 (14)4.1 软件功能分析及算法特点 (14)4.2 主程序流程图 (15)4.3 超声波接收发射软件设计 (16)4.4 超声波发生子程序和接收子程序 (16)第五章电路调试与误差分析 (17)第六章结论与展望 (19)参考文献 (19)第一章引言近年来, 随着人们生活水平的提高、市场的繁荣，私家车、运输车及各种车辆与日俱增，汽车也就成为各地经济发展的中枢纽带，逐渐走入每个家庭。

原文：Ultrasonic distance meterDocument Type and Number:United States Patent 5442592Abstract:An ultrasonic distance meter cancels out the effects of temperatureand humidity variations by including a measuring unit and a reference unit.In each of the units a repetitive series of pulses is generated each having arepetition rate directly related to the respective distance between anelectroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The pulse trainsare provided to respective counters and the ratio of the counter outputs isutilized to determine the distance being measured.Publication Date:08/15/1995Primary Examiner:Lobo, Ian J.A.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to apparatus for the measurement of distance andmore particularly to such apparatus which transmits ultrasonic wavesbetween two points.Precision machine tools must be calibrated. In the past this has beenaccomplished utilizing mechanical devices such as calipers micrometersand the like. However the use of such devices does not readily lend itself toautomation techniques. It is known that the distance between two points canbe determined by measuring the propagation time of a wave travellingbetween those two points. One such type of wave is an ultrasonic oracoustic wave. When an ultrasonic wave travels between two points thedistance between the two points can be measured by multiplying the transittime of the wave by the wave velocity in the medium separating the twopoints. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide apparatusutilizing ultrasonic waves to accurately measure the distance between twopoints.When the medium between the two points whose spacing is beingmeasured is air the sound velocity is dependent upon the temperature andhumidity of the air. It is therefore a further object of thepresent invention toprovide apparatus of the typedescribed which is independent of temperatureand humidity variations.B.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe foregoing and additional objects are attained in accordance with theprinciples of this invention by providing distance measuring apparatuswhich includes a reference unit and a measuring unit. The reference andmeasuring units are the same and each includes an electroacoustictransmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The spacing between thetransmitter and the receiver of the reference unit is a fixed reference distancewhereas the spacing between the transmitter and receiver of the measuringunit is the distance to be measured. In each of the units the transmitter andreceiver are coupled by a feedback loop which causes the transmitter togenerate an acoustic pulse which is received by the receiver and convertedinto an electrical pulse which is then fed back to the transmitter so that arepetitive series of pulses results. The repetition rate of the pulses isinversely related to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Ineach of the units the pulses are provided to a counter. Since the referencedistance is known the ratio of the counter outputs is utilized to determinethe desired distance to be measured. Since both counts are identicallyinfluenced by temperature and humidity variations by taking the ratio of thecounts the resultant measurement becomes insensitive to such variations.C.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONA.principle of ultrasonic distance measurement1.the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generatorPiezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator the internal structure as shown inFigure 1 it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When its twoplus pulse signal the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance and promote the development of plate vibration resonance ultrasound is generated. Conversely if the two are not inter-electrode voltage when the board received ultrasonic resonance it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals then it becomes the ultrasonic receiver.2.the principle of ultrasonic distance measurementUltrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time the spread of ultrasound in the air obstacles on his way to return immediately the ultrasonic reflectedwave received by the receiver immediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m / s according to the timer records the time t we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barriers that is: s=340t / 2B.Ultrasonic Ranging System for the Second Circuit DesignSystem is characterized by single-chip microcomputer to control the useof ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time single-chip selection of 8751 economic-to-use and the chip has 4Kof ROM to facilitate programming. Circuit schematic diagram shown in Figure 2. Draw only the front range of the circuit wiring diagram left and right in front of Ranging Ranging circuits and the same circuit it is omitted.1.40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launch.Ranging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric ceramic sensors UCM40 its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz which bythe single-chip implementation of the following procedures to generate.puzel: mov 14h 12h ultrasonic firing continued 200mshere: cpl p1.0 output 40kHz square wavenop;nop;nop;djnz 14h,here;retRanging in front of single-chip termination circuit P1.0 input port singlechip implementation of the above procedure the P1.0 port in a 40kHz puls eout put signal after amplification transistor T the drive to launch the first ultrasonic UCM40T issued40kHz ultrasonic pulse and the continued launch of 200ms. Ranging the right and the left side of the circuit respectively then input port P1.1 and P1.2 the working principle and circuitin front of the same location.2.reception and processing of ultrasonicUsed to receive the first launch of the first pair UCM40R the ultrasonicpulse modulation signal into an alternating voltage the op-ampamplification IC1A and after polarization IC1B to IC2. IC2 is locked loopwith audio decoder chip LM567 internal voltage-controlled oscillator centerfrequency of f0 1/1.1R8C3 capacitor C4 determine their target bandwidth.R8-conditioning in the launch of the carrier frequency on the LM567 inputsignal is greater than 25mV the output from the high jump 8 feet into alow-level as interrupt request signals to the single-chip processing.Ranging in front of single-chip termination circuit output port INT0interrupt the highest priority right or left location of the output circuit with output gate IC3A access INT1 port single-chip while single-chip P1.3 andP1. 4 received input IC3A interrupted by the process to identify the sourceof inquiry to deal with interrupt priority level for the first left right after.Part of the source code is as follows:receive1: push pswpush accclr ex1;related external interrupt 1jnb p1.1 right;P1.1 pin to 0,ranging from right to interrupt service routine circuitjnb p1.2 leftP1.2 pin to 0,to the left ranging circuitinterrupt service routinereturn: SETB EX1;open external interrupt 1pop?accpop?pswretiright: ...?;right location entrance circuit interrupt service routine?Ajmp Returnleft: ... left Ranging entrance circuit interrupt service routine?Ajmp ?Return3.the calculation of ultrasonic propagation timeWhen you start firing at the same time start the single-chip circuitrywithin the timer T0 the use of timer counting function records the time andthe launch of ultrasonic reflected wave received time. When you receive theultrasonic reflected wave the receiver circuit outputs a negative jump in theend of INT0 or INT1 interrupt request generates a signal single-chipmicrocomputer in response to external interrupt request the implementationof the external interrupt service subroutine read the time differencecalculating the distance . Some of its source code is as follows:RECEIVE0: PUSH PSWPUSH ACCCLR EX0;related external interrupt 0?MOV R7,TH0;read the time valueMOV R6 TL0?CLR CMOV A,R6SUBB A,#0BBH;calculate the time differenceMOV 31H,A;storage resultsMOV A,R7SUBB A,#3CHMOV 30H,A?SETB EX0;open external interrupt 0POP ACC?POP PSWRETID.Fourth the ultrasonic ranging system software designSoftware is divided into two parts the main program and interrupt serviceroutine shown in Figure 3 (a) (b) (c) below. Completion of the work of themain program is initialized each sequence of ultrasonic transmitting andreceiving control.Interrupt service routines from time to time to complete three of therotation direction of ultrasonic launch the main external interrupt servicesubroutine to read the value of completion time distance calculation theresults of the output and so on.E. CONCLUSIONSRequired measuring range of 30cm 200cm objects inside the plane to doa number of measurements found that the maximum error is 0.5cm andgood reproducibility. Single-chip design can be seen on the ultrasonicranging system has a hardware structure is simple reliable small featuressuch as measurement error. Therefore it can be used not only for mobilerobot can be used in other detection systems.Thoughts: As for why the receiver do not have the transistor amplifiercircuit because the magnification well CX20106 integrated amplifier butalso with automatic gain control level magnification to 76dB the centerfrequency is 38k to 40k is exactly resonant ultrasonic sensors frequency.翻译：超声波测距仪文件类型和数目：美国专利5442592摘要：提出了一种可以抵消温度的影响和湿度的变化的新型超声波测距仪，包括测量单元和参考标准。

基于单片机汽车倒车测距仪的设计班级专业所在系学号指导老师目录摘要 (1)Abstract (2)第一章绪论 (3)第二章超声波的介绍 (4)2.1超声波的发展史 (4)2.2 超声波的特点 (4)2.3超声效应 (5)2.4超声波的应用 (5)第三章单片机的介绍 (7)3.1 单片机的定义 (7)3.2 单片机的发展过程 (7)3.3 单片机的特点 (7)3.4 单片机的应用 (8)3.5 C8051F单片机的介绍 (8)第四章汽车倒车测距仪的硬件设计 (12)4.1 设计的思路 (12)4.2 设计的重点与难点 (12)4.3硬件设计的基本原理及原理图 (12)第五章超声波汽车倒车测距仪软件设计 (16)5.1 主程序编制及流程图 (16)5.2 中断服务程序的流程图及编制 (18)5.3 显示距离子程序和延时子程序 (18)5.4信号处理程序 (19)5.5程序中有关存储器，寄存器及标志位的内容及用途 (22)第六章总结............................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

参考文献 (23)致谢..................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

汽车倒车测距仪的设计摘要：本文利用超声波传输中距离与时间的关系采用C8051F单片机进行控制及数据处理设计出了能精确测量点间距离的超声波测距仪，利用所设计出的汽车倒车测距仪，能比较精确测量车后障碍物距离。

在分析国内外单片机汽车倒车测距仪相关技术的基础上，结合最新研究成果，对基于超声波测距的倒车测距系统的研制进行了深入探讨和研究。

开题报告通信工程汽车倒车测距仪设计一、课题研究意义及现状汽车倒车测距仪主要作用是在倒车时，驾驶员无需回头便可知车后有无障碍物，凭听觉判断车后障碍物离车辆距离的远近，使停车和倒车更容易，更安全。

该仪器成为驾驶员的好帮手，可有效的减少和避免那些视野不好的大型汽车的倒车交通事故，另外特别适用于夜间辅助倒车。

本设计性能优良，对提高我国汽车工业实际水平具有较大的意义。

随着经济条件的不断提升，人们的生活水平也不断提高。

基本上每家都会有一辆自己的小汽车，然而不是每家人都有很好的驾车技术。

这样交通事故发生的频率也在增加。

为了避免追尾事故，减少事故伤害，汽车自身必须有安装配置方面的设备。

随之，汽车后视系统也应运而生了。

大部分驾驶员都会希望自己倒车的时候后面有个后视眼。

这样就可以减少很多不必要的麻烦，使倒车停车显得更加方便。

近些年出现的汽车倒车测距仪都比较先进，融合了多种技术，例如：可视图像的添加可以使驾驶员更明确的看到汽车后部的状况，交通和事故记录功能的添加可以使驾驶员手动启动摄像头，记录下倒车全过程并且保存下来。

还有很多这样的先进功能使驾驶员在倒车的时候更加安全。

超声波汽车倒车探测器，种类繁多，应用广泛，目前在市场上呈现了一种各种档次并存，高低搭配的局面。

因为它实用性强，技术成熟，所以发展很快。

从第一代经过短短几年时间便发展到第五代，从纯电路模式到使用高速处理器；从单纯轰鸣器报警到显示器显示，语音报警。

另外安装使用更加方便，精度及稳定性也有极大提高。

在现实生活中的作用越来越大。

本课题所设计的汽车倒车测距仪是利用单片机作为控制和协调的中心，结合超声波测距仪的原理实现。

通过这一次的设计，可以使我所学的知识能得到综合应用，具有学以致用的作用，对于提高自身能力具有很好的意义。

二、课题研究的主要内容和预期目标本课题研究的主要内容是设计汽车倒车测距仪。

该倒车测距仪的基本工作原理是利用C8051F控制器起到数据处理，控制中心和协调作用，结合超声波测距仪的原理实现。

基于单片机汽车倒车测距仪的设计AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of an ultrasonic-based car reversing distance measuring system using a microcontroller. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance between the car and the obstacles behind it. The measured distance is displayed on a digital display and an audible alarm is triggered when the car is too close to the obstacle. The proposed system is designed to provide accurate and efficient car reversing assistance. The hardware and software design of the system are explained in this paper. Experimental results show that the system is reliable and accurate.IntroductionReversing a car is a challenging task for many drivers, especially when parking in tight spaces or in areas with poor visibility. Many accidents occur during car reversing, which can lead to damage to vehicles, property or even cause injuries to people. Car reversing distance measuring systems are designed to assist drivers to reverse their cars safely and avoid accidents. These systems use sensors to measure the distance between the car and obstacles behind it. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an ultrasonic-based car reversing distance measuring system using a microcontroller.Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used in car reversing systems due to their accuracy and reliability. They work on the principle of measuring the time taken for ultrasonicwaves to bounce off obstacles and return to the sensors. The measured time is proportional to the distance between the car and the obstacle. The system proposed in this paper uses four ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance between the carand obstacles in four directions.The microcontroller used in the system is the ATmega328P, which is commonly used in embedded systems. It is a low-power, high-performance microcontroller with a wide range of peripherals. The software for the system is written in C language and is compiled using the AVR-GCC compiler.Hardware DesignThe hardware design of the system is shown in Figure 1. The system consists of four ultrasonic sensors, a microcontroller, a digital display, and an audible alarm. The ultrasonic sensors are placed at the rear and sides of thecar to measure the distance between the car and obstacles in four directions. The microcontroller processes the sensordata and displays the distance on the digital display. The audible alarm is triggered when the car is too close to the obstacle.The ultrasonic sensors used in the system are HC-SR04 sensors. They have a range of 2 to 400 cm and an accuracy of 0.3 cm. They work at a frequency of 40 kHz and use four pins: VCC, GND, Trigger, and Echo. The Trigger pin is used to send ultrasonic waves, and the Echo pin is used to receive the waves. The distance between the car and the obstacle is calculated using the time taken for the wave to travel and return.The microcontroller is connected to the sensors and the display using GPIO pins. The digital display used in the system is a 4-digit, 7-segment display. It displays thedistance in centimeters. The audible alarm is a piezoelectric buzzer that is triggered when the distance between the car and the obstacle is less than a predefined threshold.Software DesignThe software for the system is written in C language and is compiled using the AVR-GCC compiler. The software is responsible for reading the sensor data, processing it, and displaying the distance on the digital display. The algorithm used in the software is as follows:1. Send a trigger signal to the ultrasonic sensor.2. Wait for the echo signal.3. Calculate the distance using the speed of sound and the time taken for the wave to travel and return.4. Display the distance on the digital display.5. If the distance is less than the predefined threshold, trigger the audible alarm.The software also includes a calibration function thatis used to calibrate the system for different car models and parking scenarios. The user can adjust the threshold distance and the sensitivity of the sensors through the calibration function.Experimental ResultsThe system was tested in a parking lot using a car model. The car was driven in reverse towards a wall, and thedistance between the car and the wall was measured using the system. The distance was displayed on the digital display and the audible alarm was triggered when the car was too close to the wall.The experimental results show that the system isreliable and accurate. The measured distance was within 5% error of the actual distance. The audible alarm was triggeredwhen the car was less than 30 cm away from the wall, which is a safe stopping distance.ConclusionIn this paper, we presented the design and implementation of an ultrasonic-based car reversing distance measuring system using a microcontroller. The system uses four ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance between the car and obstacles in four directions. The distance is displayed on a digital display, and an audible alarm is triggered when the car is too close to the obstacle. The proposed system is reliable and accurate and can assist drivers to reverse their cars safely. Future work can focus on enhancing the system's functionality, such as adding a camera to provide visual assistance to drivers.。

汽车倒车测距仪外文文献及翻译(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 汽车倒车测距仪的设计摘要本文介绍了汽车倒车测距仪的功能确定、测距原理、设计方法及技术实现,介绍了汽车与障碍物间距离测量的信号处理方法。

论述了如何有效地测出并实时地显示出汽车与障碍物的距离,规定了各种不同的报警类型,对于相关类测量系统设计有一定的参考意义。

关键词超声单片机测距信号调理随着汽车产业的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,汽车的数量逐年增加,例如1999 年,我国的汽车年产量已突破了180 万辆,造成公路、街道、停车场、车库等越来越拥挤不堪。

汽车驾驶员越来越为车的安全担心了,其中倒车就是一个典型,在繁忙、拥挤、狭窄的地方倒车时,驾驶员即得“瞻前”,又要“顾后”,往往一不小心,就会与汽车尾部障碍物发生碰撞事件。

经过调查,对绝大部分非职业汽车驾驶员都希望有一种能发现汽车尾部障碍物的“后视眼”———倒车测距仪,因此我们设计了一种经济实惠的汽车倒车测距仪,可以解决驾驶员的“后顾之忧”。

1 汽车倒车测距仪的功能指标确定经过对许多汽车驾驶员的调查,确定主要功能指标如下:(1) 最大测距5. 00 米,最小测距0. 35 米,实时数字显示测得距离,显示分辨率0. 01 米;(2) 超过5. 00 米为溢出,仅显示小数点,当距离小于0. 35 米时,显示为0. 00 ,表示很危险;(3) 灯光报警:当距离小于0. 60 米时,报警指示灯亮;(4) 声音报警:当距离小于1. 20 米时蜂鸣器发出间隔频率为1 Hz 的Bi ⋯Bi ⋯声,当距离小于0. 90米时蜂鸣器发出间隔频率为2 Hz 的Bi ⋯Bi ⋯声,当距离小于0. 60 米时蜂鸣器发出间隔频率为5 Hz 的Bi ⋯Bi ⋯声,当距离小于0. 35 米时蜂鸣器连续发出BiBiBi 声。

2 测距原理根据声音传播过程中遇到障碍物会发生反射这一原理可以测量距离,超声波测距也是这个原理,即用超声脉冲发射和接收其回波之间的时间差来计算距离,计算公式如下:V = 331. 5 + 0. 607 T式中:V ———超声波在空气中传播速度,其单位为米/ 秒,T ———环境温度,单位为℃。

汽车倒车测距仪的研究Design for the Car Parking Sensor摘要随着社会经济的发展，交通运输业日益兴旺，汽车的数量在大幅攀升，交通拥挤状况也日趋严重，撞车事件屡屡发生，造成了不可避免的人身伤亡和经济损失，针对这种情况，设计一种响应快，可靠性高且较为经济的汽车防撞预警系统势在必行。

本文介绍了一种基于80C51单片机控制的汽车倒车测距仪。

采用超声波测距技术与单片机技术相结合，利用超声波传输中距离和时间的关系运算，80C51单片机计算出车后的障碍物与汽车尾部的距离，并通过数码显示车后的障碍物与汽车尾部的距离远近，实时发出报警信号，使驾驶员能时刻了解倒车时车后的环境并采取积极有效措施，从而大大提高了驾驶的安全性。

文章对总体设计思想进行了论述，分析了系统主要功能并以系统硬件设计框图的形式体现，进行了方案选择与方案论证。

完成了硬件电路的设计，描述了各模块电路的组成，其中包括超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、显示电路、蜂鸣器报警电路等，分析了电路中所用芯片的主要功能及各部分电路的工作原理。

本设计通过对各模块的硬件和软件的设计，基本能够达到设计要求，满足汽车倒车安全指标。

关键词：超声波；单片机；测距IAbstractWith the development of social economy, transportation industry is booming. The number of cars climbed sharply, traffic congestion has become more and more serious. Crash ongoing caused the inevitable personal casualty and economic loss. In this kind of situation, design a kind of fast response, high reliability and more economical car crash warning system is imperative.This paper introduces a kind of Car Parking Sensor based on 80C51 single chip microcomputer. Using ultrasonic transmission distance and time relationship operations, along with the ultrasonic ranging technology and single chip microcomputer combined, 80C51 single chip computer calculate the distance between the obstacles and the rear of the car, showing the distance with Digital tube and sending real-time warning signal. This made the driver can always know the environment reverse of the car and take positive and effective measures, which greatly improve the driving safety.It discusses the overall design thought, analyses the main function and show the hardware design of the system with a diagram, and give the plan selection and scheme comparison. Completed the design of the hardware circuit, described the module of the circuit component, which include the ultrasonic transmitter circuit, ultrasonic receiver circuit, display circuit, the buzzer warning circuit. Analysis of the main function of the chip used in the circuit and the works for various parts of the circuit.Through the design for the software and hardware of each module, it can basically meet the design requirements and the reversing safety indicators.Keywords: ultrasonic; single chip microcomputer; rangingII目录摘要 (I)Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I I 第1章绪论 .. (1)1.1 课题研究的意义和背景 (1)1.2 国内外发展现状 (1)1.3 研究内容及论文构成 (2)第2章设计思想及方案论证 (4)2.1 方案选择 (4)2.1.1 测距传感器模块 (4)2.1.2 显示模块 (5)2.1.3 报警模块 (5)2.2 系统总体设计思想 (5)2.3 本章小结 (6)第3章硬件电路设计 (7)3.1 超声波发射及接收电路设计 (7)3.1.1 超声波的介绍 (7)3.1.2 超声波的特点 (7)3.1.3 超声波的应用 (7)3.1.4 超声波传感器 (8)3.1.5 超声波测距原理 (8)3.1.6 超声波发射电路设计 (10)3.1.7 超声波接收电路设计 (10)3.1.8 HC-SR04超声波测距模块 (11)3.2 显示模块设计 (14)3.3 报警电路设计 (15)3.4 单片机控制电路设计 (16)3.4.1 主控芯片STC12C56 (16)3.4.2 时钟电路 (17)3.4.3 复位电路 (18)3.5 本章小结 (19)I第4章系统的软件设计 (20)4.1 系统的主程序设计 (20)4.2 系统的子程序设计 (22)4.2.1 中断处理程序 (22)4.2.2 蜂鸣器分段报警程序 (23)4.3 本章小结 (24)第5章硬件组装及调试 (25)5.1 硬件组装及调试 (25)5.2 误差原因分析 (26)5.3 本章小结 (27)第6章结论 (28)参考文献 (29)致谢 (1)附录1 单片机整体电路原理图 (2)附录2 超声波测距模块原理图 (3)附录3 程序清单 (4)II第1章绪论1.1 课题研究的意义和背景随着我国经济的飞速发展，交通运输车辆的不断增多，由此产生的交通问题越来越为人们所关注。

倒车雷达的设计你的动机和设想倒车雷达（car reversing aid system）全称叫“倒车防撞雷达”，也叫“泊车辅助装置”，是汽车泊车安全辅助装置，能以声音或者更为直观的显示告知贺驶员周围障碍物的情况，解除了驾驶员泊车和起动车辆时前后左右探视所引起的困扰，并帮助驾驶员扫除了视野死角和视线模糊的缺陷，提高驾驶的安全性。

随着汽车工业的不断发展和汽车普及率的日益提高，汽车运输这种方便、快捷的运输方式越来越多的表现出了它的弊端——危险性。

越来越多的汽车使有限的道路变的涌堵，交通事故日益增多，群众的生命财产安全造成了很大的威胁。

为此，西方各发达国家和日本均提出了通过将现代高新技术应用于公路交通的各个领域，实现汽车和道路的智能化，提高公路交通安全和交通效率的开发计划。

雷达技术是应用于公路交通领域的高新技术中的重要内容。

随着社会的发展。

各种雷达技术和设备不断成熟。

使其在公路交通运输的各个环节上得到了越来越广泛的应用，使公路交通运输系统的操作、管理、安全性能得到了很大程度的提升。

汽车的安全性能对人类生命和财产安全的影响是不言而喻的。

雷达技术是应用于公路交通领域的高新技术中的重要内容。

随着社会的发展。

各种雷达技术和设备不断成熟。

使其在公路交通运输的各个环节上得到了越来越广泛的应用，使公路交通运输系统的操作、管理、安全性能得到了很大程度的提升。

随着现代电子工业、雷达技术和汽车制造技术的不断发展，使雷达在汽车上得到了广泛的应用。

不仅提高了汽车的驾驶性能。

而且使人员和货物的安全得到了有效保障。

雷达技术在汽车中的典型应用主要表现在测速、防撞、侧视等旨在提高汽车的安全性和可操作性的各个方面。

如何实现这个设想超声波测距超声波—般指频率在20kHz 以上的机械波．超声波测距的原理是利用测量超声波发射脉冲和接收脉冲的时间差，再结合超声波在空气中传输的速度来计算距离。

超声波测距原理简单，成本低、制作方便。

超声波的特点是对雨、雾、雪的穿透性较强、衰减小。

毕业设计论文外文文献翻译超声波测距中英文对照The Circuit Design of UltrasonicRanging System超声波测距系统的电路设计Ultrasonic Distance Meter超声波测距仪姓名:专业: 测控技术与仪器学号: 2007071071指导教师姓名,职称,:The Circuit Design of Ultrasonic Ranging SystemThis article described the three directions (before, left, right) ultrasonic ranging system is to understand the front of the robot, left and right environment to provide a movement away from the information. (Similar to GPS Positioning System)A principle of ultrasonic distance measurement1, the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generatorPiezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectriccrystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator, the internal structure as shown in Figure 1, it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When it's two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibrationresonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, if the two are notinter-electrode voltage, when the board received ultrasonic resonance,it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it becomes the ultrasonic receiver.2, the principle of ultrasonic distance measurementUltrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound, in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, obstacles on his way to return immediately, the ultrasonic reflected wave received by the receiver immediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m / s, according to the timer records the time t, we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barrier (s), that is: s = 340t / 2 Ultrasonic Ranging System for the Second Circuit DesignSystem is characterized by single-chip microcomputer to control the use of ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time, single-chip selection of 8751, economic-to-use, and the chip has 4K of ROM, to facilitate programming. Circuit schematic diagram shown in Figure 2. Draw only the front range of the circuit wiring diagram, left and right in front of Ranging circuits and the same circuit, it is omitted.1,40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launchRanging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric ceramic sensors UCM40, its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz, whichby the single-chip implementation of the following procedures to generate.puzel: mov 14h, # 12h; ultrasonic firing continued 200mshere: cpl p1.0; output 40kHz square wavenop;nop;nop;djnz 14h, here;retRanging in front of single-chip termination circuit P1.0 input port, single chip implementation of the above procedure, the P1.0 port in a40kHz pulse output signal, after amplification transistor T, the drive to launch the first ultrasonic UCM40T, issued 40kHz ultrasonic pulse, and the continued launch of 200ms. Ranging the right and the left side of the circuit, respectively, then input port P1.1 and P1.2, the working principle and circuit in front of the same location.2, reception and processing of ultrasonicUsed to receive the first launch of the first pair UCM40R, the ultrasonic pulse modulation signal into an alternating voltage, the op-amp amplification IC1A and after polarization IC1B to IC2. IC2 is locked loop with audio decoder chip LM567, internal voltage-controlledoscillator center frequency of f0 = 1/1.1R8C3, capacitor C4 determine their target bandwidth. R8-conditioning in the launch of the carrier frequency on the LM567 input signal is greater than 25mV, the outputfrom the high jump 8 feet into a low-level, as interrupt request signals to the single-chip processing.Ranging in front of single-chip termination circuit output port INT0 interrupt the highest priority, right or left location of the output circuit with output gate IC3A access INT1 port single-chip, whilesingle-chip P1.3 and P1. 4 received input IC3A, interrupted by the process to identify the source of inquiry to deal with, interruptpriority level for the first left right after. Part of the source codeis as follows:receive1: push pswpush accclr ex1; related external interrupt 1jnb p1.1, right; P1.1 pin to 0, ranging from right to interrupt service routine circuitjnb p1.2, left; P1.2 pin to 0, to the left ranging circuit interrupt service routinereturn: SETB EX1; open external interrupt 1pop accpop pswretiright: ...; right location entrance circuit interrupt serviceroutineAjmp Returnleft: ...; left Ranging entrance circuit interrupt service routineAjmp Return4, the calculation of ultrasonic propagation timeWhen you start firing at the same time start the single-chipcircuitry within the timer T0, the use of timer counting function records the time and the launch of ultrasonic reflected wave received time. When you receive the ultrasonic reflected wave, the receivercircuit outputs a negative jump in the end of INT0 or INT1 interrupt request generates a signal, single-chip microcomputer in response to external interrupt request, the implementation of the external interrupt service subroutine, read the time difference, calculating the distance . Some of its source code is as follows:RECEIVE0: PUSH PSWPUSH ACCCLR EX0; related external interrupt 0MOV R7, TH0; read the time valueMOV R6, TL0?CLR CMOV A, R6SUBB A, # 0BBH; calculate the time differenceMOV 31H, A; storage resultsMOV A, R7SUBB A, # 3CHMOV 30H, ASETB EX0; open external interrupt 0POP ACCPOP PSWRETIFourth, the ultrasonic ranging system software designSoftware is divided into two parts, the main program and interrupt service routine, shown in Figure 3 (a) (b) (c) below. Completion of the work of the main program is initialized, each sequence of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving control.Interrupt service routines from time to time to complete three ofthe rotation direction of ultrasonic launch, the main external interrupt service subroutine to read the value of completion time, distance calculation, the results of the output and so on.V. CONCLUSIONSRequired measuring range of 30cm ~ 200cm objects inside the plane to do a number of measurements found that the maximum error is 0.5cm, and good reproducibility. Single-chip design can be seen on the ultrasonic ranging system has a hardware structure is simple, reliable, small features such as measurement error. Therefore, it can be used not only for mobile robot can be used in other detection systems.Thoughts: As for why the receiver do not have the transistoramplifier circuit, because the magnification well, CX20106 integrated amplifier, but also with automatic gain control level, magnification to 76dB, the center frequency is 38k to 40k, is exactly resonant ultrasonic sensors frequency.超声波测距系统的电路设计本文所介绍的三方向(前、左、右)超声波测距系统，就是为机器人了解其前方、左侧和右侧的环境而提供一个运动距离信息。

学士学位论文汽车倒车报警系统的设计目录摘要 (I)1 前言 (1)1.1论文设计的目的及意义 (1)1.2国内外的发展概况及存在的问题 (1)1.3论文的主导思想 (2)1.4系统设计中要解决的问题 (2)2 设计方案 (3)2.1 方案设计与论证 (3)2.1.1 控制芯片的选择 (3)2.1.2 测距传感器选择 (3)2.1.3 距离显示系统的设计 (4)2.1.4 声音报警设计 (4)2.2 系统的总体结构 (4)3 硬件电路设计 (5)3.1 主控单元设计 (5)3.1.1 主控芯片介绍 (5)3.1.2 最小系统 (7)3.1.2.1 复位电路 (7)3.1.2.2 晶振电路 (8)3.2 超声波测距单元设计 (9)3.2.1 超声波测距原理 (9)3.2.2 超声波发射电路 (10)3.2.3 超声波接收电路 (11)3.3 LED 距离显示器 (12)3.4 声光报警电路 (14)3.5 性能优化及改进 (15)4 软件程序设计 (17)4.1 主程序的设计 (17)4.2 中断处理程序设计程序 (17)4.2.1 定时中断程序 (17)4.2.2 外部中断程序 (19)5 结论 (21)5.1 设计成果 (21)5.2 展望 (21)参考文献 (22)致谢 (23)附录 (24)I汽车倒车报警系统的设计摘要：论文的内容是基于AT89C51单片机倒车防撞系统的设计，主要是利用超声波的特点和优势，将超声波测距系统和AT89C51单片机结合于一体，设计出一种基于AT89C51单片机的倒车防撞报警系统。

该系统采用软、硬件结合的方法，具有模块化和多用化的特点。

论文概述了超声波检测的基本原理，阐述了超声波传感器的原理及特性。

对于系统的一些主要参数进行了讨论，并且在介绍超声波测距系统功能的基础上，提出了系统的总体构成。

通过多种发射接收电路设计方案比较，得出了最佳设计方案，并对系统各个设计单元的原理进行了介绍。