肿瘤学词汇

Oncology肿瘤学 (zhong liu xue)

Aden/o gland 腺 (xian) Adenoma 腺瘤 (xian liu)

Lip/o Fat 脂肪 (zhi fang) Lipoma 脂肪瘤 (zhi fang liu)

My/o Muscle 肌肉 (ji rou) Myoma 肌瘤 (ji liu)

Carcin/o Malignant恶性的 (e xing de) Carcinoma 癌科 (ai ke

Osteo/o Bone Osteoma 骨瘤 (gu liu)

Osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤 (gu rou liu)

Lymph/o lymph tissue 淋巴组织（lin be zu zhi） Lymphoma 淋巴瘤 (lin ba liu)

–oma a swelling Adding the Suffix –oma (a

swelling) to an organ or tissue Word

Roots makes it a tumor瘤 (Liu).

Oncologist 肿瘤科医师 (zhong liu ke yi shi)

A physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer.

Carcinoma癌 (ai)，癌瘤 (ai liu)

Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. This cancer develops from epithelia上皮细胞 (shang pi xi bao) (sheets

of cells that cover a surface, such a the skin, or line a body cavity, such as the glandular lining of stomach). Some names for

tumors of this type would be:

Carcinoma of the prostate 前列腺 癌科 (qian lie xian liu ke)

Adenocarcinoma of the lung肺腺癌 (fei xian ai) 肺病 (fei bing)

Hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞癌 (gan xi bao ai)

Sarcoma肉瘤 (rou liu), 恶性毒瘤 (er xing du liu)

A rare form of cancer that arises from connective and supportive tissues, such as that seen in the

bone marrow 骨髓 (gu sui) , muscle, and lymphatics淋巴系统. (lin ba xi tong) Osteosarcoma (malignancy of bone) 骨肉瘤 (gu rou liu), multiple myeloma (malignancy of bone marrow) 骨髓瘤 (gu rou liu) are two examples. The term sarcoma

does not always appear in the name as in the second example.

Malignant恶性的 (e xing de) vs. Benign 良性的 (liang xing de)

Literally, the Malignant vs. Benign expression means “evil” versus “good”. Malignant is the term used when a cancer or a

medical condition has the potentioal to become life threating or terminal. Benign, on the other hand, means that the disease is

not fatal. Advanced malignancy 减轻的 (jie qin de) is when a cancer is well developed.

Radiosensitive 对放射线敏感的 (fa she min gan)

The cancer degenerates退化 (tui hua) in response to radiation therapy.

Radioresistant 辐射阻抗的 (fa she xian zu kang de)

Cancer is slow to respond or may not respond at all to radiation therapy.

Metastasis转移 (zhuan yi)

The placement of cancer in other organs or tissues other then the origin 起源(qi yuan) is called metastasis and the traveling of

the cancer to other areas of the body to form new tumors is termed Metastasize转移 (zhuan yi). This Invasive入侵的 (ru

qin de) quality of a tumor to spread into surrounding organs is a manor differentiation between malignant and benign.

In remission免除 (mian chu)

This is the term that indicates a time period of holding the cancer in check 被阻止 (.bei zu zhi).

Relapse复发 (bu fa)

When a cancer returns, the patient is said to relapse. Unfortunately, many cancers, such as leukemia (Overabundance of

white blood cells) 白血病 (Bai xue bing), recur.

Carcinogens良性肿瘤 (liang xing zhong liu)

Carcinogens are cancer-causing agents. Broad categories include radiation exposure, chemicals, drugs and viruses.

Only certain types of chemicals, drugs and viruses are carcinogens and excessive radiation exposure. Environmental

chemicals found in tobacco smoke and automotive exhaust, toxic emissions from factory smokestacks, and asbestos

exposure can be carcinogenic致癌物 (质) 的 (zhi ai wu zhi de). Human Papilloma virus 乳突淋瘤 病毒 (ru tu lin liu bing du) is the major cause of cervical子宫颈的 (zi gong jing de) cancer.

Fractionation 低剂量分次给药 (di ji liang fen ci gei yao)

Repeated low doses of radiation therapy that allow a higher total dose

Myelosuppression

A side effect 副作用 (fu zuo yong) of chemotherapy is the reduction of bone marrow 骨髓 (gu ge) blood cell

replacement. Patients may complain of extreme fatigue due to anemia 贫血 (pin xie) and can be at an increased risk

for infectious diseases 传染病 (chuan ran bing) due to the reduced number of leucocytes 白血病. (bai xie bing).

Chemotherapeutic agents 化学疗法 (hua xue liao fa)

Chemotherapy 化学疗法 (hua xue liao fa) has the goal of killing or stopping the development of rapidly dividing

cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Bleomycin 博来霉素 (bo lai mei su), 5-fluorouraci 5氟尿嘧啶 (fu niao

mi ding), methotrexate甲氨蝶呤 (jia an die ling), Vincristine长春新碱 (chang chun xin jia), Vinblastine 长春碱

(chang chun jian), Taxol and Tamoxifen 三苯氧胺 (san ben yang an). Since the same mechanism that kills a

malignant cell or blocks development of a malignant cell can have similar effects on a normal, rapidly dividing cell, any

of these agents can have bad side effects. Some forms of cancer treated with chemotherapy may cause the cancer to

“disappear” for a while although not cured and the patient may be symptom free sometimes for months or years.