综合英语四第十三单元

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综合教程第四册

Unit 13

I. Background

尽管在捕鲸和杀狼的问题上,挪威的国际声誉并不好,但总的说来,人与动物关系十分和谐。在挪威的法律中,甚至还可以找到“为了人类和动物的健康与福社”这类字句。

狗是最受挪威人宠爱的家养动物。在大街上,常常可以见到一位嘴上叼着一支烟的妇人牵着一条狗,狗的后面跟着一个会走路的孩子,左手边的男人推着一个摇篮,篮子里的孩子的嘴上塞着一个奶嘴。也有单身女子,骑着进办室的也不少见。往往男士们带的狗高大威猛,女士们带的狗小巧玲珑,好抱的缘故。国庆节那一天,人们甚至会给狗穿上一件价格不菲的挪威传统盛装“布纳得”。

猫也是挪威人家中的宠儿。到朋友家聚会,养猫的挪威人总忘不了带上十来个吃剩的虾回家。猫的可爱之处是对主人非常亲热和友爱。主人下班回到家门口,猫就一下子蹭到主人身边,仰着身躯等待主人的爱抚。有客人来,猫还会抢占客人的稚卒,与客人争宠。有一次,我在挪威朋友家中抚摸了一下他的猫,这猫干脆躺在我身上,赖着不走了。在奥斯陆,到处都有野生的鸽子。在我居住的客林啸学生城,鸽子们常在厨房的阳台上过夜。一见有人进厨房做饭,鸽子们就站在门外讨食。在大街上,广场上,雕像的人头和手臂上,都有鸽子的俊俏身影。鸽子不怕人,但总是与人保持着一米以上的距离。对鸽子最感兴趣的是学龄前的孩子们,尤其是那些走路还不太稳当的孩子。他们手里拿着吃食,追着喂那些鸽子,给成年人带来了诗一般的意境。

II. Analysis of the Text

本文通过一个普通的老人和一种北美的鸟---蓝色知更鸟的非同一般的友谊,生动地描述了人与自然之间的和谐的关系。文章可分为三个部分:

Part I (Paragraphs 1-7) 这七个段落是故事的前奏部分,作者把寒冷的冬天的大地设置为背景。在她去医院的路上,她发现了小鸟们对正在和死神做斗争的老人的重要性。老人把蓝色知更鸟们当作春天和生活中的天使。

Part II (Paragraphs 8-19) 作者回想起父亲的生活历程,他的生活哲学及他为家庭和孩子们所做出的牺牲。父亲退休后对蓝色知更鸟这种聪明的生物产生了兴趣,把自己的一部分爱给了他们。

Part III (Paragraphs 20-30) 在这一部分,作者讲述了父亲和蓝色知更鸟间的友好关系,暗示了人与自然间的和谐共处,也阐释了故事的主题---蓝色知更鸟的承诺。

III.Words & Phrases Study

文中出现的重难点单词及短语:

creature,hover,sacrifice,fashion,flourish,sport,exquisite,inclubate

1. creature

n. living being,esp. an animal 生物;(尤指)动物

dumb creatures不会说话的动物 Your dog's a ferocious creature!你的狗真凶!

creature也可用于形容词之后,指人。如:What a lovely creature!多么美丽的女人哪! A poor creature可怜的人 词组sb's creature/the

creature of sb一般用于正式文体中,为贬义,意为person who is totally

dependent on sb else,and does whatever he wants 受人支配者;(他们的)驯服工具;奴才;走狗 如:The king would appoint one of his creature to the

post.国王要派他的一个奴仆去做这差事。creature comforts意为things that

make one comfortable,as good food and clothing 使人感到舒适的东西(如美食、衣服等) 如:No,thank you. I'm far too fond of my creature

comforts

to go camping.不,谢谢,我太喜欢物质享受了,所以我不去野营。

2. hover

v. (of a person) wait in a timid and uncertain manner (指人) 仿徨,踌躇

(释例) I can work with you hovering over me like that.你那样缠着我磨磨卿卿,我实在没法工作了。She's always hovering around the place

annoying

people.她老是在周围转来转去地打扰别人。He hovered about outside,too

afraid to go in.他在外面扰豫排徊,因过于胆怯而不敢进去。

hover原意为(of birds, etc) remain in the air in one place (指鸟

等)翱翔,盘旋 如:A hawk hovering about/over its prey.在猎物头顶上盘旋的一只鹰。There was a helicopter hovering overhead.有一架直升飞机在头顶上盘旋。hover也可意为remain near sth. or in an uncertain state留在某事物近旁;维持某种不确定状态 如: hovering between life and death处于生死之间 a country hovering on the brink of war 陷于战争边缘的国家

3. sacrifice

n. an act of giving up something valued for the sake of something else

regarded as more important or worthy放弃某事物(通常指为获得更重要或更有价值的东西)

Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles.为发财

而栖牲原则是不值得的。

sacrifice原意为offering of sth. valuable,often a slaughtered

animal,to a god 供奉;献祭 如: The sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter.用牛祭祀古罗马主神朱屁特。sacrifice作动词时,原意为make a sacrifice of sth

to sb;如:sacrifice a lamb to the gods on 羊羔祭祀众神;也可意为give up

sth.

as a sacrifice牺牲某事物 如: She sacrificed her career to marry him.她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业。The cars designers have

sacrificed

comfort to economy.汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想。I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane.我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西。

4. fashion

v. give form or shape to sth.; design or make sth.将某事物做成某形状;设计或制造某物

(释例) fashion a doll(from a piece of wood)(用木块)做成玩具娃娃 fashion a

lump of day into a bowl 把粘土制成碗

fashion作为名词时的意义和用法:①manner or way of doing sth.样子,方式。如:He walked in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很怪。②popular

style(of clothes,behaviour,etc)at a given time or place 流行的式样;时尚;风尚;风气 如:Fashions in art and literature are changing constantly.文艺的潮流总是日新月异。词组after a fashion意为to a certain extent,

but not satisfactorily 达到一定程度(但尚未令人满意) 如:I can play the

piano after a fashion.我多少会点钢琴。

5. flourish

v. grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way健康成长;健壮而活跃

This species of flower flourishes in a warm climate.这种花在温暖的气候中长得茂盛。All the family are flourishing.全家人身体都很好。

flourish还有三种意义和用法:①be successful,very active,or

widespread; prosper昌盛;旺盛;兴旺;繁荣 如:No new business can

flourish

in the present economic climate.在目前的经济气候中,任何新生意都兴旺不起来。②(of ideas or people)be very active and influential(during

the

specified period)(指思想或人在某时期)活跃而有影响力 如:In Germany the

baroque style of art flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries.在德国,巴罗克艺术风格在17和18世纪非常盛行。③ware sth. about in order to“attract attention to it 挥舞某物(以引起注意)。如:He stormed into the

office,flourishing a letter of complaint.他挥舞着一封投诉信冲进了办公室。

6. sport

v. wear something one feels proud of炫耀地穿戴(某物)

(释例) sport a moustache, a diamond ring,a flower in one's buttonhole神气地蓄着小胡子,戴着钻石戒指,在钮扣眼中插着花

(点拨) sport作动词时还可意为play about; amuse oneself; have fun.玩耍;嬉戏 如:seals sporting about/around in the water 在水中嬉戏的海豹

词组make sport of/at/with sb.意为make fun of sb.; laugh at sb.; cause sb.