NYPE93中英文对照

<<租船运输实务>>知识要点*程租合同部分:1．对比GENCON’94和GENCON’76,试述主要做了哪些重大修改?1）运费支付条款规定预付运费是不返还的，无论船货是否灭失损坏。

本条还规定如果承租人不支付运费，船东或其代理可以不签发运费预付提单。

2）第六条装卸时间的规定中，包含了WIBON，WCCON，WFPON条款，这对于NOR递交和装卸时间的起算具有重要的影响，对承租人是十分不利的。

3）装卸时间条款里还规定如果递交NOR后，租家检验发现还没做好装卸准备，则从发现时起至再次做好准备的时间不计入装卸时间，而不是递交无效，重新递交。

4）滞期费条款要求承租人按天支付滞期费。

没有支付的话，承租人在收到船东书面通知96小时还未补交，若船舶在装港，出租人有权撤船并索赔。

5）取消了76格式中对承租人十分有利的责任终止条款。

6）增加了对出租人有利的质询条款。

7）在GENON94下经纪人可以对滞期费收取佣金，对于未履行的合同由责任方支付1/3的佣金。

8）多加了一个对分租约运费的留置权2．受载期的概念?承租人订立受载期条款时主要应考虑哪些因素?定义:船舶到达装港并做好装货准备的期限。

承租人应考虑因素：合同和L/C中装运期的规定；备货进度；港口装卸效率；港口泊位及装卸设备等情况。

3.试述朱比特条款的含义和作用。

含义：如果由于不能归责于船东或船舶的原因，船舶到达装港后，租船人未能提供航次指示或装货通知达10天以上，或装货通知发出后20天仍未装船，船东有解除本合同的选择权。

作用：本条款赋予船东解约的选择权，使船东在遇到无货可装的情形时无须盲目的无限期地等待下去，只要规定的期限一到就可以撤船并索赔，以减少不必要的损失，不必等到合同受阻的时候才能撤船，更好地保护船东的利益。

4.GENCON’94对装卸时间的起算是如何规定的?如准备就绪通知书在中午12点之前（包括12点）递交，装卸时间从下午1时起算；如通知书在12点以后递交，装卸时间从下一个工作日上午6时起算。

NYPE'93（中文对照）租约代号：“NYPE 93”波罗的海国际航运公会推荐美国国家船舶经纪人与代理人协会联合会定期租船合同纽约土产交易所格式美国船舶经纪人与代理人协会发行1913年11月6日制定,经1921年10月20日，1931年8月6日,1946年10月3日，1981年6月12日，1993年9月14日修订本租船合同于-—-——--—-—-年———-———-月—---————日由下述-———---—-———船舶的所有人-—--—--—-与承租人————--—----签订。

船舶说明船名:——--—--—--—；船旗：-—-—-—---————；于——-—--—--——-年建造；登记港-—-----—-；登记号—--—-——-；船舶在—-—--———-入级，船级为———--—-——;按夏季干舷高度,船舶海水吃水为---—-——-—，载重量(货物和燃料，包括不超过——-—---—-——长吨*/公吨*的淡水和物料）为-——---——-—-长吨*/公吨＊；散装容积为-——--—-—-—-——-立方英尺；包装容积为——-—--—————-—--立方英尺；船舶吨位为-——-—-————总吨/总登记吨；在良好天气条件下，风力达到包括最大风力蒲福—-———----—级，船舶满载航行时船速大约--—---—-———节,消耗大约-—--—-———-—长吨＊/公吨*的—--————-（燃油）.*适当地删除。

1．租期上述出租人同意出租，上述承租人同意租用上述船舶，从交船时起算,租期为—-—--——，并在下述航行区域内使用船舶.2．交船船舶在————-—-—(地点）置于承租人控制之下。

在交船时，船舶应作好接受货物的准备，货舱须打扫干净，船体紧密，坚实，牢固,并在各个方面适合于普通货物的运输。

船舶应装备有压载水舱,同时具有启动所有装货设备的足够的动力。

出租人应在—--—----—天之前向承租人递交预计交付船舶的日期的通知。

NYPE'93(中文对照)租约代号：“NYPE 93”波罗的海国际航运公会推荐美国国家船舶经纪人与代理人协会联合会定期租船合同纽约土产交易所格式美国船舶经纪人与代理人协会发行1913年11月6日制定，经1921年10月20日，1931年8月6日，1946年10月3日，1981年6月12日，1993年9月14日修订本租船合同于-----------年--------月--------日由下述------------船舶的所有人---------与承租人-----------签订。

船舶说明船名：-----------；船旗：-------------；于------------年建造；登记港---------；登记号--------；船舶在---------入级，船级为---------；按夏季干舷高度，船舶海水吃水为---------，载重量（货物和燃料，包括不超过-----------长吨*/公吨*的淡水和物料）为-----------长吨*/公吨*；散装容积为--------------立方英尺；包装容积为---------------立方英尺；船舶吨位为----------总吨/总登记吨；在良好天气条件下，风力达到包括最大风力蒲福----------级，船舶满载航行时船速大约-----------节，消耗大约-----------长吨*/公吨*的--------（燃油）。

*适当地删除。

1．租期上述出租人同意出租，上述承租人同意租用上述船舶，从交船时起算，租期为-------，并在下述航行区域内使用船舶。

2．交船船舶在--------（地点）置于承租人控制之下。

在交船时，船舶应作好接受货物的准备，货舱须打扫干净，船体紧密，坚实，牢固，并在各个方面适合于普通货物的运输。

船舶应装备有压载水舱，同时具有启动所有装货设备的足够的动力。

出租人应在---------天之前向承租人递交预计交付船舶的日期的通知。

一、租船运输的概念与特点：1．概念：也称不定期船运输，即运输的组织是根据货源的情况，不确定的在国际间各港口之间进行，是通过船舶出租人（SHIPOWNER）与承租人（CHARTER）之间签订运输合同进行货物运输的基本营运方式。

2．特点：1）不定航线，不定船期2）适合大宗干散货运输3）租金或运费随行就市4）一般通过经纪人成交业务5）租约条款由双方当事人自由约定6）各租船方式均有相应的标准格式合同二、各租船方式的性质与特点:1．航次租船(voyage charter,V/C)性质：承揽运输1)出租人占有和控制船舶，负责船舶的营运调度，负担营运费用。

2)航次租船的"租金"通常称为运费，运费按货物的数量及双方商定的费率计收。

3)租约应订明货物的名称或种类，数量，装卸港口和货物装卸费用等。

4)约定装卸时间，计算方法和滞期速遣的费率等。

5)最常用的标准格式合同为GENCON合同。

2．定期租船（time charter，T/C）性质：介于承揽运输与财产租赁之间1）船东对船舶仍有xx和控制权2）船舶的营运调度由承租人负责，并负担船舶的营运费用和相关的时间风险。

3）租金按船舶的载重吨、租期长短及商定的租金率计算。

4）较长期的定期租船合同中常订有"自动递增条款（Escalation clause）"。

<1．思考题：试分析期租与航次租船合同的区别。

2．报价练习>3．航次期租船（TIME CHARTER ON TRIP）航次期租船又称日租租船，它是一种以完成一个航次运输为目的，但租金按完成航次所使用的日数和约定的日租金率计算。

近年来,TCT日益流行,在租船市场上所占的比重越来越大。

4.光船租船BARE-BOAT CHARTER/DEMISE CHARTER）1）这一租船方式是由船东和租船人的特殊目的而形成的．2）光租的性质是财产租赁，不具有运输承揽的性质。

3）全部船员由承租人配备并听从承租人的指挥。

THIS CHARTER PARTY, made and concluded in1 this day of192Between34 Owners of the Vessel described below, and567 Charterers.8Description of Vessel9Name Flag Built (year).10 Port and number of Registry11 Classed in12 Deadweight long*/metric* tons (cargo and bunkers, including freshwater and13 stores not exceeding long*/metric* tons) on a salt water draft of14 on summer freeboard.15Capacity cubic feet grain cubic feet bale space.16 Tonnage GT/GRT.17 Speed about knots, fully laden, in good weather conditions up to and including maximum18 Force on the Beaufort wind scale, on a consumption of about long*/metric*19 tons of20 * Delete as appropriate. 21 For further description see Appendix "A" (if applicable)22 1.Duration23The Owners agree to let and the Charterers agree to hire the Vessel from the time of delivery for a period24 of252627within below mentioned trading limits.282.Delivery29The Vessel shall be placed at the disposal of the Charterers at303132The Vessel on her delivery33 shall be ready to receive cargo with clean-swept holds and tight, staunch, strong and in every way fitted34 for ordinary cargo service, having water ballast and with sufficient power to operate all cargo-handling gear35 simultaneously.36 The Owners shall give the Charterers not less than days notice of expected date of37delivery.383.On-Off Hire Survey39Prior to delivery and redelivery the parties shall, unless otherwise agreed, each appoint surveyors, for their40 respective accounts, who shall not later than at first loading port/last discharging port respectively, conduct41 joint on-hire/off-hire surveys, for the purpose of ascertaining quantity of bunkers on board and the condition42 of the Vessel. A single report shall be prepared on each occasion and signed by each surveyor, without43 prejudice to his right to file a separate report setting forth items upon which the surveyors cannot agree.44 If either party fails to have a representative attend the survey and sign the joint survey report, such party45 shall nevertheless be bound for all purposes by the findings in any report prepared by the other party.46 On-hire survey shall be on Charterers' time and off-hire survey on Owners' time.474.Dangerous Cargo/Cargo Exclusions48(a) The Vessel shall be employed in carrying lawful merchandise excluding any goods of a dangerous,49 injurious, flammable or corrosive nature unless carried in accordance with the requirements or50 recommendations of the competent authorities of the country of the Vessel's registry and of ports of51 shipment and discharge and of any intermediate countries or ports through whose waters the Vessel must52 pass. Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, in addition the following are specifically53 excluded: livestock of any description, arms, ammunition, explosives, nuclear and radioactive materials,5455565758596061626364 (b) If IMO-classified cargo is agreed to be carried, the amount of such cargo shall be limited to65tons and the Charterers shall provide the Master with any evidence he may66 reasonably require to show that the cargo is packaged, labelled, loaded and stowed in accordance with IMO67 regulations, failing which the Master is entitled to refuse such cargo or, if already loaded, to unload it at68 the Charterers' risk and expense.69 5.Trading Limits70The Vessel shall be employed in such lawful trades between safe ports and safe places71 within72excluding737475as the Charterers shall direct.766.Owners to Provide77The Owners shall provide and pay for the insurance of the Vessel, except as otherwise provided, and for78 all provisions, cabin, deck, engine-room and other necessary stores, including boiler water; shall pay for79 wages, consular shipping and discharging fees of the crew and charges for port services pertaining to the80 crew; shall maintain the Vessel's class and keep her in a thoroughly efficient state in hull, machinery and81 equipment for and during the service, and have a full complement of officers and crew.82 7.Charterers to Provide83The Charterers, while the Vessel is on hire, shall provide and pay for all the bunkers except as otherwise84 agreed; shall pay for port charges (including compulsory watchmen and cargo watchmen and compulsory85 garbage disposal), all communication expenses pertaining to the Charterers' business at cost, pilotages,86towages, agencies, commissions, consular charges (except those pertaining to individual crew members87 or flag of the Vessel), and all other usual expenses except those stated in Clause 6, but when the Vessel88 puts into a port for causes for which the Vessel is responsible (other than by stress of weather), then all89 such charges incurred shall be paid by the Owners. Fumigations ordered because of illness of the crew90 shall be for the Owners' account. Fumigations ordered because of cargoes carried or ports visited while91 the Vessel is employed under this Charter Party shall be for the Charterers' account. All other fumigations92 shall be for the Charterers' account after the Vessel has been on charter for a continuous period of six93 months or more.94The Charterers shall provide and pay for necessary dunnage and also any extra fittings requisite for a95 special trade or unusual cargo, but the Owners shall allow them the use of any dunnage already aboard96 the Vessel. Prior to redelivery the Charterers shall remove their dunnage and fittings at their cost and in97 their time.988.Performance of Voyages99(a) The Master shall perform the voyages with due despatch, and shall render all customary assistance100 with the Vessel's crew. The Master shall be conversant with the English language and (although101 appointed by the Owners) shall be under the orders and directions of the Charterers as regards102 employment and agency; and the Charterers shall perform all cargo handling, including but not limited to103 loading, stowing, trimming, lashing, securing, dunnaging, unlashing, discharging, and tallying, at their risk104 and expense, under the supervision of the Master.105(b) If the Charterers shall have reasonable cause to be dissatisfied with the conduct of the Master or106 officers, the Owners shall, on receiving particulars of the complaint, investigate the same, and, if107 necessary, make a change in the appointments.1089.Bunkers109(a) The Charterers on delivery, and the Owners on redelivery, shall take over and pay for all fuel and110 diesel oil remaining on board the Vessel as hereunder. The Vessel shall be delivered with:111long*/metric* tons of fuel oil at the price of per ton;112 tons of diesel oil at the price of per ton. The vessel shall113 be redelivered with: tons of fuel oil at the price of per ton;114tons of diesel oil at the price of per ton.115* Same tons apply throughout this clause.116(b) The Charterers shall supply bunkers of a quality suitable for burning in the Vessel's engines117 and auxiliaries and which conform to the specification(s) as set out in Appendix A.118 The Owners reserve their right to make a claim against the Charterers for any damage to the main engines119 or the auxiliaries caused by the use of unsuitable fuels or fuels not complying with the agreed120 specification(s). Additionally, if bunker fuels supplied do not conform with the mutually agreed121 specification(s) or otherwise prove unsuitable for burning in the Vessel's engines or auxiliaries, the Owners122 shall not be held responsible for any reduction in the Vessel's speed performance and/or increased bunker123 consumption, nor for any time lost and any other consequences.124 10.Rate of Hire/Redelivery Areas and Notices125 The Charterers shall pay for the use and hire of the said Vessel at the rate of $126 U.S. currency, daily, or $U.S. currency per ton on the Vessel's total deadweight127 carrying capacity, including bunkers and stores, on summer freeboard, per 30 days,128 commencing on and from the day of her delivery, as aforesaid, and at and after the same rate for any part129 of a month; hire shall continue until the hour of the day of her redelivery in like good order and condition,130 ordinary wear and tear excepted, to the Owners (unless Vessel lost) at131132133unless otherwise mutually agreed.134The Charterers shall give the Owners not less than days notice of the Vessel's135 expected date and probable port of redelivery.136For the purpose of hire calculations, the times of delivery, redelivery or termination of charter shall be137 adjusted to GMT.13811.Hire Payment139(a)Payment140Payment of Hire shall be made so as to be received by the Owners or their designated payee in141, viz142143144in145currency, or in United States Currency, in funds available to the146 Owners on the due date, 15 days in advance, and for the last month or part of same the approximate147 amount of hire, and should same not cover the actual time, hire shall be paid for the balance day by day148 as it becomes due, if so required by the Owners. Failing the punctual and regular payment of the hire,149 or on any fundamental breach whatsoever of this Charter Party, the Owners shall be at liberty to150 withdraw the Vessel from the service of the Charterers without prejudice to any claims they (the Owners)151 may otherwise have on the Charterers.152 At any time after the expiry of the grace period provided in Sub-clause 11 (b) hereunder and while the153 hire is outstanding, the Owners shall, without prejudice to the liberty to withdraw, be entitled to withhold154 the performance of any and all of their obligations hereunder and shall have no responsibility whatsoever155 for any consequences thereof, in respect of which the Charterers hereby indemnify the Owners, and hire156 shall continue to accrue and any extra expenses resulting from such withholding shall be for the157 Charterers' account.158 (b)Grace Period159 Where there is failure to make punctual and regular payment of hire due to oversight, negligence, errors160 or omissions on the part of the Charterers or their bankers, the Charterers shall be given by the Owners161 clear banking days (as recognized at the agreed place of payment) written notice to rectify the162 failure, and when so rectified within those days following the Owners' notice, the payment shall163 stand as regular and punctual.164 Failure by the Charterers to pay the hire within days of their receiving the Owners' notice as165 provided herein, shall entitle the Owners to withdraw as set forth in Sub-clause 11 (a) above.166(c)Last Hire Payment167Should the Vessel be on her voyage towards port of redelivery at the time the last and/or the penultimate168 payment of hire is/are due, said payment(s) is/are to be made for such length of time as the Owners and169 the Charterers may agree upon as being the estimated time necessary to complete the voyage, and taking170 into account bunkers actually on board, to be taken over by the Owners and estimated disbursements for171 the Owners' account before redelivery. Should same not cover the actual time, hire is to be paid for the172 balance, day by day, as it becomes due. When the Vessel has been redelivered, any difference is to be173 refunded by the Owners or paid by the Charterers, as the case may be.174 (d)Cash Advances175 Cash for the Vessel's ordinary disbursements at any port may be advanced by the Charterers, as required176 by the Owners, subject to 2½ percent commission and such advances shall be deducted from the hire.177 The Charterers, however, shall in no way be responsible for the application of such advances.17812.Berths179The Vessel shall be loaded and discharged in any safe dock or at any safe berth or safe place that180 Charterers or their agents may direct, provided the Vessel can safely enter, lie and depart always afloat181 at any time of tide.18213.Spaces Available183(a) The whole reach of the Vessel's holds, decks, and other cargo spaces (not more than she can184 reasonably and safely stow and carry), also accommodations for supercargo, if carried, shall be at the185 Charterers' disposal, reserving only proper and sufficient space for the Vessel's officers, crew, tackle,186 apparel, furniture, provisions, stores and fuel.187 (b) In the event of deck cargo being carried, the Owners are to be and are hereby indemnified by the188 Charterers for any loss and/or damage and/or liability of whatsoever nature caused to the Vessel as a189 result of the carriage of deck cargo and which would not have arisen had deck cargo not been loaded.190 14.Supercargo and Meals191The Charterers are entitled to appoint a supercargo, who shall accompany the Vessel at the Charterers'192 risk and see that voyages are performed with due despatch. He is to be furnished with free193 accommodation and same fare as provided for the Master's table, the Charterers paying at the rate of194per day. The Owners shall victual pilots and customs officers, and also, when195 authorized by the Charterers or their agents, shall victual tally clerks, stevedore's foreman, etc.,196 Charterers paying at the rate of per meal for all such victualling.197 15.Sailing Orders and Logs198The Charterers shall furnish the Master from time to time with all requisite instructions and sailing199 directions, in writing, in the English language, and the Master shall keep full and correct deck and engine200 logs of the voyage or voyages, which are to be patent to the Charterers or their agents, and furnish the201 Charterers, their agents or supercargo, when required, with a true copy of such deck and engine logs,202 showing the course of the Vessel, distance run and the consumption of bunkers. Any log extracts203 required by the Charterers shall be in the English language.204 16.Delivery/Cancelling205 If required by the Charterers, time shall not commence before and should the206 Vessel not be ready for delivery on or before but not later than hours,207 the Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charter Party.208Extension of Cancelling209If the Owners warrant that, despite the exercise of due diligence by them, the Vessel will not be ready210 for delivery by the cancelling date, and provided the Owners are able to state with reasonable certainty211 the date on which the Vessel will be ready, they may, at the earliest seven days before the Vessel is212 expected to sail for the port or place of delivery, require the Charterers to declare whether or not they will213 cancel the Charter Party. Should the Charterers elect not to cancel, or should they fail to reply within two214 days or by the cancelling date, whichever shall first occur, then the seventh day after the expected date215 of readiness for delivery as notified by the Owners shall replace the original cancelling date. Should the216 Vessel be further delayed, the Owners shall be entitled to require further declarations of the Charterers in217 accordance with this Clause.218 17.Off Hire219 In the event of loss of time from deficiency and/or default and/or strike of officers or crew, or deficiency220 of stores, fire, breakdown of, or damages to hull, machinery or equipment, grounding, detention by the221 arrest of the Vessel, (unless such arrest is caused by events for which the Charterers, their servants,222 agents or subcontractors are responsible), or detention by average accidents to the Vessel or cargo unless223 resulting from inherent vice, quality or defect of the cargo, drydocking for the purpose of examination or224 painting bottom, or by any other similar cause preventing the full working of the Vessel, the payment of225hire and overtime, if any, shall cease for the time thereby lost. Should the Vessel deviate or put back226 during a voyage, contrary to the orders or directions of the Charterers, for any reason other than accident227 to the cargo or where permitted in lines 257 to 258 hereunder, the hire is to be suspended from the time228 of her deviating or putting back until she is again in the same or equidistant position from the destination229 and the voyage resumed therefrom. All bunkers used by the Vessel while off hire shall be for the Owners'230 account. In the event of the Vessel being driven into port or to anchorage through stress of weather,231 trading to shallow harbors or to rivers or ports with bars, any detention of the Vessel and/or expenses232 resulting from such detention shall be for the Charterers' account. If upon the voyage the speed be233 reduced by defect in, or breakdown of, any part of her hull, machinery or equipment, the time so lost, and234 the cost of any extra bunkers consumed in consequence thereof, and all extra proven expenses may be235 deducted from the hire.23618.Sublet237Unless otherwise agreed, the Charterers shall have the liberty to sublet the Vessel for all or any part of238 the time covered by this Charter Party, but the Charterers remain responsible for the fulfillment of this239 Charter Party.24019.Drydocking241The Vessel was last drydocked242*(a) The Owners shall have the option to place the Vessel in drydock during the currency of this Charter243 at a convenient time and place, to be mutually agreed upon between the Owners and the Charterers, for244 bottom cleaning and painting and/or repair as required by class or dictated by circumstances.245 *(b) Except in case of emergency no drydocking shall take place during the currency of this Charter246 Party.247* Delete as appropriate24820.Total Loss249Should the Vessel be lost, money paid in advance and not earned (reckoning from the date of loss or250 being last heard of) shall be returned to the Charterers at once.251 21.Exceptions252 The act of God, enemies, fire, restraint of princes, rulers and people, and all dangers and accidents of the253 seas, rivers, machinery, boilers, and navigation, and errors of navigation throughout this Charter, always254 mutually excepted.25522.Liberties256The Vessel shall have the liberty to sail with or without pilots, to tow and to be towed, to assist vessels257 in distress, and to deviate for the purpose of saving life and property.258 23.Liens259 The Owners shall have a lien upon all cargoes and all sub-freights and/or sub-hire for any amounts due260 under this Charter Party, including general average contributions, and the Charterers shall have a lien on261 the Vessel for all monies paid in advance and not earned, and any overpaid hire or excess deposit to be262 returned at once.263The Charterers will not directly or indirectly suffer, nor permit to be continued, any lien or encumbrance,264 which might have priority over the title and interest of the Owners in the Vessel. The Charterers265 undertake that during the period of this Charter Party, they will not procure any supplies or necessaries266 or services, including any port expenses and bunkers, on the credit of the Owners or in the Owners' time.26724.Salvage268All derelicts and salvage shall be for the Owners' and the Charterers' equal benefit after deducting269 Owners' and Charterers' expenses and crew's proportion.27025.General Average271General average shall be adjusted according to York-Antwerp Rules 1974, as amended 1990, or any272 subsequent modification thereof, in and settled in273 currency.274The Charterers shall procure that all bills of lading issued during the currency of the Charter Party will275 contain a provision to the effect that general average shall be adjusted according to York-Antwerp Rules276 1974, as amended 1990, or any subsequent modification thereof and will include the "New Jason277 Clause" as per Clause 31.278Time charter hire shall not contribute to general average.27926.Navigation280Nothing herein stated is to be construed as a demise of the Vessel to the Time Charterers. The Owners281 shall remain responsible for the navigation of the Vessel, acts of pilots and tug boats, insurance, crew,282 and all other matters, same as when trading for their own account.283 27.Cargo Claims284Cargo claims as between the Owners and the Charterers shall be settled in accordance with the Inter-Club285 New York Produce Exchange Agreement of February 1970, as amended May, 1984, or any subsequent286 modification or replacement thereof.287 28.Cargo Gear and Lights288The Owners shall maintain the cargo handling gear of the Vessel which is as follows:289290291292 providing gear (for all derricks or cranes) capable of lifting capacity as described. The Owners shall also293 provide on the Vessel for night work lights as on board, but all additional lights over those on board shall294 be at the Charterers' expense. The Charterers shall have the use of any gear on board the Vessel. If295 required by the Charterers, the Vessel shall work night and day and all cargo handling gear shall be at the296 Charterers' disposal during loading and discharging. In the event of disabled cargo handling gear, or297 insufficient power to operate the same, the Vessel is to be considered to be off hire to the extent that298 time is actually lost to the Charterers and the Owners to pay stevedore stand-by charges occasioned299 thereby, unless such disablement or insufficiency of power is caused by the Charterers' stevedores. If300 required by the Charterers, the Owners shall bear the cost of hiring shore gear in lieu thereof, in which301 case the Vessel shall remain on hire.302 29.Crew Overtime303 In lieu of any overtime payments to officers and crew for work ordered by the Charterers or their agents,304 the Charterers shall pay the Owners, concurrently with the hire per month305 or pro rata.306 30.Bills of Lading307(a) The Master shall sign the bills of lading or waybills for cargo as presented in conformity with mates308 or tally clerk's receipts. However, the Charterers may sign bills of lading or waybills on behalf of the309 Master, with the Owner's prior written authority, always in conformity with mates or tally clerk's receipts.310(b) All bills of lading or waybills shall be without prejudice to this Charter Party and the Charterers shall311 indemnify the Owners against all consequences or liabilities which may arise from any inconsistency312 between this Charter Party and any bills of lading or waybills signed by the Charterers or by the Master313 at their request.314(c) Bills of lading covering deck cargo shall be claused: "Shipped on deck at Charterers', Shippers' and315 Receivers' risk, expense and responsibility, without liability on the part of the Vessel, or her Owners for316 any loss, damage, expense or delay howsoever caused."31731.Protective Clauses318This Charter Party is subject to the following clauses all of which are also to be included in all bills of lading319 or waybills issued hereunder:320 (a)CLAUSE PARAMOUNT321 "This bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of the322 United States, the Hague Rules, or the Hague-Visby Rules, as applicable, or such other similar national323 legislation as may mandatorily apply by virtue of origin or destination of the bills of lading, which shall324 be deemed to be incorporated herein and nothing herein contained shall be deemed a surrender by the325 carrier of any of its rights or immunities or an increase of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under said326 applicable Act. If any term of this bill of lading be repugnant to said applicable Act to any extent, such327 term shall be void to that extent, but no further."328 and329(b)BOTH-TO-BLAME COLLISION CLAUSE330 "If the ship comes into collision with another ship as a result of the negligence of the other ship and any331 act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilot or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in332 the management of the ship, the owners of the goods carried hereunder will indemnify the carrier against333 all loss or liability to the other or non-carrying ship or her owners insofar as such loss or liability represents334 loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of said goods, paid or payable by the other335 or non-carrying ship or her owners to the owners of said goods and set off, recouped or recovered by the336 other or non-carrying ship or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying ship or carrier.337 The foregoing provisions shall also apply where the owners, operators or those in charge of any ships or338 objects other than, or in addition to, the colliding ships or objects are at fault in respect to a collision or339 contact."340 and341 (c)NEW JASON CLAUSE342 "In the event of accident, danger, damage or disaster before or after the commencement of the voyage343 resulting from any cause whatsoever, whether due to negligence or not, for which, or for the344 consequences of which, the carrier is not responsible, by statute, contract, or otherwise, the goods,345 shippers, consignees, or owners of the goods shall contribute with the carrier in general average to the346 payment of any sacrifices, losses, or expenses of a general average nature that may be made or incurred,347 and shall pay salvage and special charges incurred in respect of the goods.348 If a salving ship is owned or operated by the carrier, salvage shall be paid for as fully as if salving ship349 or ships belonged to strangers. Such deposit as the carrier or his agents may deem sufficient to cover350 the estimated contribution of the goods and any salvage and special charges thereon shall, if required,351 be made by the goods, shippers, consignees or owners of the goods to the carrier before delivery."352 and353(d)U.S. TRADE - DRUG CLAUSE354 "In pursuance of the provisions of the U.S. Anti Drug Abuse Act 1986 or any re-enactment thereof, the355 Charterers warrant to exercise the highest degree of care and diligence in preventing unmanifested356 narcotic drugs and marijuana to be loaded or concealed on board the Vessel.357Non-compliance with the provisions of this clause shall amount to breach of warranty for consequences358 of which the Charterers shall be liable and shall hold the Owners, the Master and the crew of the Vessel359 harmless and shall keep them indemnified against all claims whatsoever which may arise and be made360 against them individually or jointly. Furthermore, all time lost and all expenses incurred, including fines,361 as a result of the Charterers' breach of the provisions of this clause shall be for the Charterer's account362 and the Vessel shall remain on hire.363Should the Vessel be arrested as a result of the Charterers' non-compliance with the provisions of this364 clause, the Charterers shall at their expense take all reasonable steps to secure that within a reasonable365 time the Vessel is released and at their expense put up the bails to secure release of the Vessel.366The Owners shall remain responsible for all time lost and all expenses incurred, including fines, in the367 event that unmanifested narcotic drugs and marijuana are found in the possession or effects of the368 Vessel's personnel."369and370(e)WAR CLAUSES371 "(i) No contraband of war shall be shipped. The Vessel shall not be required, without the consent of the372 Owners, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, to enter any port or zone which is involved in a state373 of war, warlike operations, or hostilities, civil strife, insurrection or piracy whether there be a declaration374 of war or not, where the Vessel, cargo or crew might reasonably be expected to be subject to capture,375 seizure or arrest, or to a hostile act by a belligerent power (the term "power" meaning any de jure or de376 facto authority or any purported governmental organization maintaining naval, military or air forces).377 (ii) If such consent is given by the Owners, the Charterers will pay the provable additional cost of insuring378 the Vessel against hull war risks in an amount equal to the value under her ordinary hull policy but not379 exceeding a valuation of In addition, the Owners may purchase and the380 Charterers will pay for war risk insurance on ancillary risks such as loss of hire, freight disbursements,381 total loss, blocking and trapping, etc. If such insurance is not obtainable commercially or through a382 government program, the Vessel shall not be required to enter or remain at any such port or zone.383 (iii) In the event of the existence of the conditions described in (i) subsequent to the date of this Charter,384 or while the Vessel is on hire under this Charter, the Charterers shall, in respect of voyages to any such385 port or zone assume the provable additional cost of wages and insurance properly incurred in connection386 with master, officers and crew as a consequence of such war, warlike operations or hostilities.387 (iv) Any war bonus to officers and crew due to the Vessel's trading or cargo carried shall be for the388 Charterers' account."389 32.War Cancellation390In the event of the outbreak of war (whether there be a declaration of war or not) between any two or391 more of the following countries:392393394395 either the Owners or the Charterers may cancel this Charter Party. Whereupon, the Charterers shall396 redeliver the Vessel to the Owners in accordance with Clause 10; if she has cargo on board, after397 discharge thereof at destination, or, if debarred under this Clause from reaching or entering it, at a near398 open and safe port as directed by the Owners; or, if she has no cargo on board, at the port at which she399 then is; or, if at sea, at a near open and safe port as directed by the Owners. In all cases hire shall400 continue to be paid in accordance with Clause 11 and except as aforesaid all other provisions of this401 Charter Party shall apply until redelivery.402 33.Ice403 The Vessel shall not be required to enter or remain in any icebound port or area, nor any port or area404。

对承租人使用金康94’合同的一些修改建议【摘要】金康94是波罗的海国际航运公会推出的金康租约的最新版本，虽然波罗的海国际航运公会之前一直是力求取得货主的认可，而在各方面尽量平衡货主与船东之间的利益。

但是，金康94却是完全站在船东的立场上制定的，对货主十分不利。

但是在世界尤其是亚洲的租船市场上，金康94的使用频率极高，甚至有人把金康94等同于航次租约。

既然金康94的盛行是承租人无力去改变的，那么承租人至少可以在金康94的基础上对其进行修改，为自己争取最大利益。

而本文就是从承租人的利益角度上为承租人在租约洽谈中修改金康94的条款的一些建议。

【关键字】金康9 承租人利益修改建议本文着手于具体分析金康94’各个相关条款，并给出相应的有利于承租人的建议。

一，总述性描述金康94的第一条主要是描述租约双方的身份及船舶、卸货港的大概情况。

就船舶自身描述而言，金康94只是给出了船舶的船名、总吨位和净吨位。

但是如果承租人所要托运的是轻泡货或是冷藏货，则承运船舶的容积和冷冻装备就显得至关重要。

尽管这些情况承租人在与船东在洽谈租约的时候肯定会进行一定的了解，但是一旦租约有所争议，并进入了诉讼程序，最终具有证据力的还是双方协定的租约。

所以还是将这些数据纳入租约较为稳妥。

而且其实即使是船东本人对于船舶的数据也不能说是十分了解，因为实际控制船舶的是船长、船员而不是船东。

另一方面船舶经过一定时间的使用，船舶自身的数据肯定会有所变化的，而这种变化能够使船舶偏离原始数据多少，不经仔细的专业测量不得而知。

况且也不能排除船东在磋商中对船舶数据进行细小的夸大等等。

所以承租人，尤其是托运轻泡货或是冷藏货的承租人，更要必要将与其所要运的货物相关的重要的船舶数据及相关的船舶设备的情况纳入租约，如果情况允许的话，最好是把这些对于船舶的描述的性质由保证条款转变为条件条款，使得承租人可以在船东违反此项条款的时候，承租人可以从船东处获得索赔，并中断租约。

NYPE'93(中文对照)租约代号：“NYPE 93”波罗的海国际航运公会推荐美国国家船舶经纪人与代理人协会联合会定期租船合同纽约土产交易所格式美国船舶经纪人与代理人协会发行1913年11月6日制定，经1921年10月20日，1931年8月6日，1946年10月3日，1981年6月12日，1993年9月14日修订本租船合同于-----------年--------月--------日由下述------------船舶的所有人---------与承租人-----------签订。

船舶说明船名：-----------；船旗：-------------；于------------年建造；登记港---------；登记号--------；船舶在---------入级，船级为---------；按夏季干舷高度，船舶海水吃水为---------，载重量（货物和燃料，包括不超过-----------长吨*/公吨*的淡水和物料）为-----------长吨*/公吨*；散装容积为--------------立方英尺；包装容积为---------------立方英尺；船舶吨位为----------总吨/总登记吨；在良好天气条件下，风力达到包括最大风力蒲福----------级，船舶满载航行时船速大约-----------节，消耗大约-----------长吨*/公吨*的--------（燃油）。

*适当地删除。

1．租期上述出租人同意出租，上述承租人同意租用上述船舶，从交船时起算，租期为-------，并在下述航行区域内使用船舶。

2．交船船舶在--------（地点）置于承租人控制之下。

在交船时，船舶应作好接受货物的准备，货舱须打扫干净，船体紧密，坚实，牢固，并在各个方面适合于普通货物的运输。

船舶应装备有压载水舱，同时具有启动所有装货设备的足够的动力。

出租人应在---------天之前向承租人递交预计交付船舶的日期的通知。

对承租人使用金康94’合同的一些修改建议5.装卸物资条款（Loading/Discharging）该条款(a)段规定了承租人应该负责物资的装卸的工作，同时所有的风险、责任、花费都要算在承租人的头上，这条对承租人是专门不公平的。

因为承租人对装卸货可能并不了解，而关于物资的积载对船舶的稳性阻碍更会是一无所知。

因此第一句话能够改为将花费算在承租人的帐上，而船长要监督承租人的装卸工作，同时责任要出租人负责。

该法能够参考NYP E93’的相关条款：“the Charterers shall perform all cargo handling, including but not limited to lo ading, stowing, trimming, lashing, securing, dunnaging, unlashing, discharging, and tallying, at th eir risk and expense, under the supervision of the Master and responsibility.”该条款的（a）段中，对承租人比较危险还有关于垫舱物料的规定。

金康94’中规定承租人负责弄走垫舱料，而且装卸时刻或滞期时刻照算，直到承租人弄掉垫舱料为止。

而假如当时承租人找不到装卸工人，或是岸上规定不准弃置垫舱物料的话，承租人可能就要为此承担风险。

因此，承租人能够在（a）段最后加上：“The Charterers shall have the option of remaining dun nage on board and paying ….. USD to the Owners.”使其以支付一笔金额给出租人，代替弄走垫舱物料的绝对责任。

而关于其后的（c）段，承租人也能够作类似的修改，使承租人在船有损坏的状态下还船时，可不必修理，而是支付一笔未修理费用（estimated unrepaired damage）给船东。

除草剂中英文对照除草剂中英文对照磺酰脲类sulfonylureas1 酰嘧磺隆amidosulfuron2 四唑嘧磺隆azimsulfuron3 苄嘧磺隆benbbensulfuron-methyl4 氯嘧磺隆chlorimuron-ethyl5 醚磺隆cinosulfuron6 环丙嘧磺隆cyclosulfamuron7 胺苯磺隆ethametsulfuron-methyl8 乙氧嘧磺隆ethoxysulfuron9 嘧啶磺隆flazasulfuron10 氟酮磺隆flucarbazone-sodium11 氟啶嘧磺隆flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium12 甲酰胺磺隆foramsulfuron13 氯吡嘧磺隆halosulfuron-methyl14 唑吡嘧磺隆imazosulfuron15 典甲磺隆钠盐iodosulfuron-methyl soudium16 甲磺胺磺隆mesosulfuron-methyl17 烟嘧磺隆nicosulfuron18 环氧嘧磺隆oxasulfuron19 氟嘧磺隆primisulfuron-methyl20 丙苯磺隆procarbazone21 氟磺隆prosulfuron22 吡嘧磺隆pyrazosulfuron-methyl23 砜嘧磺隆rimsulfuron24 甲嘧磺隆sulfometuron-methyl25 磺酰磺隆sulfosulfuron26 噻吩磺隆thifensulfuron-methyl27 醚苯磺隆triasulfuron28 苯磺隆tribenuron-methyl29 三氟啶磺隆trifloxysulfuron30 氟胺磺隆triflusulfuron-methyl31 三氟甲磺隆tritosulfuron32 IKI 1145咪唑啉酮类imidazolinones33 甲氧咪草烟imazamox34 甲基咪草烟imazapic35 咪唑喹啉酸imazaquin36 咪唑乙烟酸imazethapyr嘧啶氧(硫)苯甲酸酯类pyrimidinyloxy(thio) benzoates37 双草醚bispyribac-sodium38 嘧啶肟(wo)草醚pyribenzoxim39 环酯草醚pyriftalid40 嘧草醚pyriminobac-methyl41 嘧硫草醚pyrithiobac-sodium三唑并嘧啶磺酰胺类triazolopyrimidine sulfonamides42 氯酯磺草胺cloransulam-methyl43 双氯磺草胺diclosulam44 双氟磺草胺florasulam45 唑嘧磺草胺flumetsulam46 磺草唑胺metosulam47 五氟磺草胺penoxsuam三酮类triketones48 双环磺草酮benzobicylon49 甲基磺草酮mesotrione50 磺草酮sulcotrinone异恶唑类isoxazoles51 异恶氯草酮isoxachlorotole52 异恶唑草酮isoxaflutole吡唑类pytazoles53 异丙吡草酯fluazolate54 双唑草腈pyraclonil55 吡草醚pyraflufen-ethyl三唑类triazoles56 唑草胺cafenstrole57 氟胺草唑flupoxam恶二唑酮类oxadiazoles58 恶草酮oxadiazon59 丙炔恶草酮oxadiargyl恶唑啉二酮类oxazolidinediones60 环戊恶草酮pentoxazone咪唑二酮类imidazolindione61 氟唑草胺profluazol三唑磷酮类Triazolinones62 氨唑草酮amicarbazone63 唑啶草酮azafenidin64 唑酮草酯carfentrazone-ethyl65 甲磺草胺sulfentrazone噻二唑类thiadiazoles66 氟噻乙草酯fluthiacet-methyl四唑啉酮类tetrazolinones67 四唑酰草胺fentrazamide脲嘧啶类(uracils)或嘧啶二酮类(pyrimidindiomes)68 双苯嘧草酮benzfendizone69 氟丙嘧草酯butafenacil哒嗪酮类pyridazinones70 氟哒嗪草酯flufenpyr-ethylN-苯基酞酰亚胺类N-phenylphthalimides71 吲哚酮草酯cinidon-ethyl72 氟胺草酯flumiclorac-pentryl73 丙炔氟草胺flumioxazin三嗪类triazines74 三嗪氟草胺triaziflam三嗪酮类triazinones75 环嗪酮hexazinone76 苯嗪草酮metamitron77 嗪草酮metribuzin环已烯酮类cyclohexanediones78 丁苯草酮butroxydim79 烯草酮（烯草酮加氟胺草酯）clethodim80 噻草酮cycloxydim81 稀禾定sethoxydim82 吡喃草酮tepraloxydim83 苯草酮tralkoxydim84 环苯草酮clefoxidim85 cloproxydim cloproxydim86 GGA 215684二苯醚类diphenylethers87 三氟羧草醚acifluorfen88 苯草醚aclonifen89 氯氟草醚ethoxyfen-ethyl90 乙羧氟草醚fluoroglycofen-ethyl91 氟磺胺草醚fomesafen92 乳氟禾草灵lactofen93 乙氧氟草醚oxyfluorfen苯氧羧酸类phenoxyalkanoic acids94 硫代2甲4氯乙酯MCPA-thioethyl95 高2甲4氯丙酸mecoprop-P96 高2，4-滴丙酸dichlorprop-P吡啶类pyridines97 氟吡草腙diflufenzopyr98 氟硫草定dithiopyr99 氟草烟fluroxypyr100 噻草啶thiazopyr101 绿草定triclopyr喹啉羧酸类quinolinecarboxylic acids102 二氯喹啉酸quinclorac103 喹草酸quinmerac芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类aryloxyphenoxypropionates104 炔草酯clodinafop-propargyl105 氰氟草酯cyhalofop-butyl106 精恶唑禾草灵fenoxaprop-P-ethyl107 精恶氟禾草灵fluazifop-P-butyl108 精吡氟氯禾灵haloxyfop-P-methyl109 喔草酯propaquizafop110 精喹禾灵quizalofop-P-ethyl111 喹禾糠酯quizalofop-P-tefuryl酰胺类amides112 氟丁酰草胺beflubutamid113 溴丁酰草胺bromobutide114 二甲噻草胺dimethenamid115 高效二甲噻草胺dimethenamid-P116 萘氧丙草胺napropamide117 稗草胺clomeprop118 吡氟草胺diflufenican119 氟吡草胺[普草克（吡氟草胺异丙隆）] picolinafen 120 乙氧苯草胺etobenzanid121 氟噻草胺flufenacet122 苯噻酰草胺mefenacet123 乙草胺acetochlor124 甲草胺alachlor125 丁草胺butachlor126 吡草胺metazachlor127 异丙甲草胺metolachlor128 高效异丙甲草胺S-metolachlor129 丙草胺pretilachlor130 异丙草胺propisochlor131 甲氧噻草胺thenylchlor132 异恶草胺isoxaben133 高效麦草伏甲酯flamprop-M-methyl134 高效麦草伏丙酯flamprop-M-isopropyl 脲类ureas135 杀草隆daimuron136 苄草隆cumyluron137 异丙隆isoproturon二硝基苯胺类dinitroanilines38 二甲戊乐灵pendimethalin139 氟乐灵trifluralin140 安磺灵oryzalin氨基甲酸酯carbamates141 甜菜宁phenmedipham142 甜菜安desmedipham硫代氨基甲酸酯thiocarbamates143 哌草丹dimepiperate144 禾草畏esprocarb145 禾草敌molinate146 稗草畏pyributicarb147 达草特pytidate148 杀草丹thiobencarb149 野燕畏tri-allate有机磷类organophosphorus 150 莎稗磷anilofos 151 双丙氨酰膦bilanafos其他类152 草除灵乙酯benazolin-ethyl153 呋草磺benfuresate154 乙呋草磺ethofumesate155 灭草松bentazone156 溴苯腈bromoxynil157 环庚草醚cinmethylin158 异恶草酮clomazone159 麦草畏dicamba160 氟咯草酮flurochloridone161 呋草酮flurtamone162 茚草酮indanofan163 恶嗪草酮oxaziclomefone164 灭草环tridiphane165 菌多杀endothal解毒剂166 解草酮benoxacor167 解毒喹cloquintocet-mexyl168 解草唑fenchlorazole-ethyl169 解草啶fenclorim170 解草安flurazole171 肟(wo)草安fluxofenim172 呋喃解草唑furilazole173 双苯恶唑酸isoxadifen174 吡唑解草酯mefenpyr-diethyl 植物生长调节剂175 诱抗素abscisic acid176 苄氨基嘌呤benzyladenine177 油菜素内酯brassinolide178 双丁乐灵butralin179 玉雄杀chloretazate180 氯苯胺灵chlorpropham181 杀雄嗪酸clofencet182 调果酸cloprop183 坐果酸cloxyfonac184 环丙酰草胺cyclanilide185 噻节因dimethipin186 氟节胺flumetralin187 调吡脲forchlorfenuron188 抗倒胺inabenfide189 激动素kinetin190 pironetin pironetin191 苯酞氨酸phthalanilic acid192 调环酸prohexadione-calcium193 多效唑paclobutrazol194 抑芽唑triapenthenol195 烯效唑uniconazole196 杀雄啉sintofen197 抗倒酯trinexapac-ethyl198 三氟吲哚丁酸酯TFIBA199 噻苯隆thidiazuron200 zeatin zeatin201 甲基环丙烯methylcyclopropene202 脱乙酰壳多糖chitosan203 Harpin蛋白204 生物除草剂campelyco常规品种205 氯磺隆chlorsulfuron206 甲磺隆metsulfuron-methyl207 莠去津atrazine208 氰草津cyanazine209 扑草净prometryn210 莠灭津ametryn211 2，4-滴丁酯2,4-D-butyl212 2甲4氯MCPA213 禾草灵diclofop-methyl214 敌稗propanil215 绿麦隆chlorotoluron216 敌草隆diuron217 伏草隆fluometuron218 利谷隆linuron219 甲基苄噻隆methabenzthiazuron 220 灭草猛vernolate 221 草甘膦glyphosate222 草铵膦glufosinate223 百草枯paraquat224 野燕枯difenzoquat225 胺氯吡啶酸picloram新开发品种226 烯草胺pethoxamid227 恶唑酰草胺metamifop。

上海海事大学试卷2013-2014学年第二学期期末考试《租船运输实务与法规》（A卷）本次考试适用航运管理专业学生，庄艳老师授课一、单选题（共10题，每题1分，共10分）由于编者原因，只找到6题1 在定期租船合同下，船长可以拒绝执行承租人的下述（D）项指令。

A 签发预借提单B 不挂靠提单上列明的港口C 凭承租人保函无正本提单放货D 以上项均正确2 下述（D）条款通常为定期租船合同的主要条款。

A 租约期条款B 航行区条款C 安全港口和泊位条款D 以上均是3 在定期租船合同中，以下（C）费用在通常情况下由船东负担。

A 货物装卸费B 有关船舶的港口规费C 船员的工资D 以上均是4 在航次租船合同中，下述（D）费用通常都是由出租人承担的。

A 船员的工资B 船舶保险费C 有关船舶的港口规费D 以上均是5 在F.I.O条款下，下述正确的是（C）。

A 出租人负责装货费用，承租人负责卸货费；B 出租人负责卸货费用，承租人负责装货费；C 出租人负责装货和卸货费用；D 承租人负责装货和卸货费用。

6 在租船合同中，安全泊位的责任归属（C）。

A 列明的和非列明的安全泊位责任归属于船东；B 列明的和非列明的安全泊位责任归属于承租人；C 列明的安全泊位责任归属于承租人，非列明的安全泊位责任归属于船东；D 列明的安全泊位责任归属于船东，非列明的安全泊位责任归属于承租人。

……二、下列条款，写出全称并解释（共5题，每题8分，共40分）1 DELY: DLOSP KAOHSIUNG. ATDNSHINC答：全称Delivery: on dropping last outward sea pilot at Kaohsiung at any time day or night, Sundays and holidays included.解释：此条款是关于交船方式、时间和地点的，具体而言就是：交船：在高雄最后出港海区的引水员下船时交船，此时间无论白天或黑夜，周日与假日也包括在内。

一、租船运输的概念与特点：1．概念：也称不定期船运输，即运输的组织是根据货源的情况，不确定的在国际间各港口之间进行，是通过船舶出租人（SHIPOWNER）与承租人（CHARTERER）之间签订运输合同进行货物运输的基本营运方式。

2．特点：1）不定航线，不定船期2）适合大宗干散货运输3）租金或运费随行就市4）一般通过经纪人成交业务5）租约条款由双方当事人自由约定6）各租船方式均有相应的标准格式合同二、各租船方式的性质与特点:1．航次租船(voyage charter,V/C)性质：承揽运输1)出租人占有和控制船舶，负责船舶的营运调度，负担营运费用。

2)航次租船的"租金"通常称为运费，运费按货物的数量及双方商定的费率计收。

3)租约应订明货物的名称或种类，数量，装卸港口和货物装卸费用等。

4)约定装卸时间，计算方法和滞期速遣的费率等。

5)最常用的标准格式合同为GENCON合同。

2．定期租船（time charter，T/C）性质：介于承揽运输与财产租赁之间1）船东对船舶仍有占有权和控制权2）船舶的营运调度由承租人负责，并负担船舶的营运费用和相关的时间风险。

3）租金按船舶的载重吨、租期长短及商定的租金率计算。

4）较长期的定期租船合同中常订有"自动递增条款（Escalation clause）"。

<1．思考题：试分析期租与航次租船合同的区别。

2．报价练习>3．航次期租船（TIME CHARTER ON TRIP）航次期租船又称日租租船，它是一种以完成一个航次运输为目的，但租金按完成航次所使用的日数和约定的日租金率计算。

近年来,TCT日益流行,在租船市场上所占的比重越来越大。

4.光船租船BARE-BOAT CHARTER/DEMISE CHARTER）1）这一租船方式是由船东和租船人的特殊目的而形成的．2）光租的性质是财产租赁，不具有运输承揽的性质。

3）全部船员由承租人配备并听从承租人的指挥。

探析NYPE格式停租条款兜底事项的限制解释原则【摘要】租约中停租条款在列举停租事项时不可能做到穷尽列明，一般会在最后一项包括了一总括性的“其他任何原因”，但其在各标准期租合同中要视具体情况而定。

因此有必要分析停租条款的性质以及审判实践中的适用情况，总结出仅对于停租条款兜底事项在实践中哪种是最有利于租家，以及如何采取有效方式尽量降低不可停租的风险。

【关键词】停租条款；其他原因；限制解释一、停租条款在期租标准格式中的适用情况期租的印本标准租约主要包括NYPE格式、BIMCO的BALTIME租约和SHELL公司制定的SHELL格式，市场的起跌对使用哪种标准格式和附加条款以偏向船东或承租人会有影响的因素，但现实中这种变来变去的情况很少，其中以NYPE应用最多，主要因为其较好地平衡了船东与租家间的权利义务关系，且条款较少，在法律上有较强的稳定性，市场上已被广泛接受。

因此，本文将详细介绍NYPE格式中的情况。

在租约下，租金对船东是“获利之母”，租家的基本义务就是承租人接船后应在自接船至还船的一段时间内连续地支付租金。

这也是配合期租合同的基本精神，即船舶在租约期内任由承租人经营，同时也要承担时间风险，这一法律地位直到The Nanfri案才有所改变。

[1]如果租家想要停止付租，除了法律上默示的租家可以进行扣减或对冲的少数情况外，租家就必须在合同中明确约定租家可以停租的情形。

停租条款被认为是风险分摊条款，其是租约的条款依据订约自由对租家作出救济，没有强制适用的法律或公约，只要不违背公序良俗，当事人几乎可以任意约定合同内容，而实务中租约更多的是在标准范本合同的基础上进行修补达成的。

若在实践中出现的情况不属于在具体列明的原因中，法官在进行裁判时，即要解释租约条款，用词一变，解释也会有所不同。

停租条款，作为一种除外条款，按照英美普通法的观点，若解释起来有争议，根据合同解释中的“不利解释原则”，该条款应针对试图依赖该条款得益的一方，即针对租家作出不利的解释，有任何不明确，应是针对承租人来判。