常用化工热力学英语词汇

reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant反应物purify精制提纯recycle循环回收unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization 结晶drying干燥screening筛选，浮选chemical reaction 化学反应cracking of petroleum 石油裂解catalyst催化剂，reaction zone 反应区conservation of mass and energy 能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste废物feedstock进料，原料product产物，产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether乙醚gasoline 汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst催化剂reactant反应物inert惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium介质filter过滤器trap收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤名氏area面积filter cake 滤饼factor因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics 填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth深度law定律net flow净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux （通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz熔化的石英reflect 反射，［肝住戊由门:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion 扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 不硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick' s Law费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system理想系统ratio of A to B A 与B 的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基石出tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower风机accessory heater附属加热器cooler冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power动力circulating gas 循环气labor劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate 再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up补充溶剂optimum最优的unabsorbed component 未吸收组分purity 纯度volatility 挥发性vapor pressure 蒸汽压liquid mixture液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝binary distillation 双组分精馏multi-component distillation 多组分精馏stage-type distillation column 级板式精馏塔mount安装，固定conduit导流管）,downcomer降液管gravity 重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device 汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler 再沸器vaporization 汽化condensate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor 塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器i feed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product 塔底产品condensation 冷凝stripping section汽提段，提馏段distillate section 精馏段total condense 全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution 溶液fractional crystallization 分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic芳香烃的paraffin石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil 润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin 青霉素streptomycin （链霉素）precipitation 沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol 乙醇）extract萃取液heat requirement 热负荷solute溶质extract phase 萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank 沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent 孚L化剂Idensity difference 密度差raffinate萃余液extract萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料（相对最终产品而言的）organic有机的，有机物的benzene 苯humidity 湿度moisture content 湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content 临界湿湿含量falling-rate 降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex （凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period 恒速干燥阶段convection drying 对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying 真空干燥discolor变色，脱色sublime 升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与----垂直counter-current 逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower 水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet 水珠，水滴quantitative relation 定量关系thermal diffusion 热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer 分子传递balance抵消，平衡drag forces 曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion 涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与•一成反比Reynolds number 雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow 充分发展湍流coefficient 系数In principle从原理而言exothermic （放热的，endothermic 吸热的,adiabatic 绝热的）triple bond 三健，三价nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化，转化率protein蛋白质compress 压缩reaction yield 反应产率reaction speed 反应速度one-pass （单程）reactor energy input 能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium 接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer 化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氢铵ash纯碱pyridine而砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢nitric acid 不硝酸bulk explosive 集装炸药crude oil 原油natural gas 天然气bitumen 沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt 沥青oil drilling 采油gasoline 汽油paint涂料plastic 塑料synthetic rubber 合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent 清洗剂wax石蜡explosive 炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant水生植物sedimentary rock 沉积岩sandstone 砂岩siltstone 泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped 链状的methane 甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped （环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene 环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene 沥青油impurity 杂质pollutant污染物combustion 燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance 粘性阻力barrel桶（国际原油计量单位）tanker 油轮kerosene 煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming 重整cracking 裂化octane number of gasoline 汽油辛烷值branched-chain （带支链的）materials science 材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior.（机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics 固体物理学metallurgy冶金学，冶金术magnet磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的;无一定目的的，乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model 水力学模型two-phase flow 两相流dispersion model 分散模型toxic有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure 失效概率accident prevention 事故预防hard hat安全帽safety shoe 防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention 损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation 技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience 安全经验technical competence 技术能力safety knowledge 安全知识design engineer 设计师cost engineer 造价师process engineering 过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities 公用工程plant location 工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group 专业组storage 仓库waste disposal 废物处理terminology术语，词汇accountant会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal 决议tangible return 有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control （过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model 回归模型.operating condition 操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique 非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages 过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression 最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification 模式识另Uneural network 神经网络a priori：先验的，既定的,不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的,直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative 定性的quantitative precision 定量的精确high-fidelity 高保真的computationally intensive 计算量大的mathematical expression steady-state model 稳态模型bioengineering 生物工程artificial 人工的hearing aid 助听器artificial limb 假肢supportive or substitute organ 辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer 农艺师fermentation 发酵civil engineer 土木工程师sanitation 卫生physiologists 生理学criteria 指标human medicine 人体医学medical electronics 医疗电子medical instrumentation 医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ 器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物，配对物psychology 心理学self-taught 自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程health care 保健diagnostic application of computers 计算机诊断agricultural engineering 农业工程biological production 生物制品生产bionics （仿生学）human-factors engineering 人类与环境工程environmental health engineering 环境健康工程environmentally benign processing 环境友好力口工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association 化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of 无---存在deactivate 失活bulk chemical大宗化工产品Fine chemical精细化工Pharmaceutical 制药segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt 无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout 消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation 催化氧化governmental regulation 政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate 药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone 酮functional group 官能团detrimental 有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳straightforward 简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体kilogram 千克thermal stability 热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membrane technology 膜技术production line 生产线dairy牛奶water purification 水净化ifetime 寿命membrane module 膜组件durability耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive 添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代，替代technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment 污水处理fouling污垢，发泡surface treatment 表面处理applied Chemistry 应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound 化学化合物的命名法descriptive描述性的refix前缀alkane烷烃family 族carbon skeleton 碳骨架chain 链Latin or Greek stem拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物，取代基homologous series 同系物branched chain 支链烷烃parent母链，主链derivative 衍生物substituent 取代基locant位次，位标replicating prefix 重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry 分析化学moving gas stream 移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization 溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient 活度系数counteract 抵消milliliter 毫升essential oil 香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium 氦argon 氩carrier 载体injection 注射stationary nonvolatile phase 静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector 馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography 柱状液相色谱仪retention volume 保留体积retention times 保留时间high-performance 高性能mobile phase 移动相high-efficiency 高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography 薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence荧光色，荧光retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子。

化学及化工专业英语词汇（T）t distribution t 分布table feeder 平板给料机table salt 食盐tabular crystal 平片状结晶tac 碳化钽tachometer 转数计tachysterin 环裂甾醇tackifier 胶粘剂tackiness 粘着性tackiness agent 胶粘剂tacky 胶粘的tactoid 类晶团聚体tactosol 凝聚溶胶tafel rearrangement 塔菲尔换位tag closed tester 泰格密闭闪点试验器tagged molecule 标记分子tailings 尾矿talc 滑石tall oil 妥尔油tallow 脂talose 塔洛糖tank development 槽显影tank furnace 槽炉tannase 丹宁酶tannic acid 丹宁酸tannin 丹宁tannin black dyeing 酸黑染料tannin extract 丹宁提取物tannin mordanting 丹宁媒染tanning 革tanning agent 剂tannoform 亚甲丹宁tantalate 钽酸盐tantalic acid 钽酸tantalite 钽铁矿tantalum 钽tantalum carbide 碳化钽tantalum chloride 氯化钽tantalum oxide 氧化钽tap aspirator 龙头廉泵tap funnel 分液漏斗tar 焦油tar acid 焦油酸tar base 焦油碱tar distillation 焦油蒸馏tar heavy oil 沥青重油tar light oil 沥青轻油tar middle oil 沥青中油tar oil 焦油tar separator 焦油分离器tar value 焦油值tar water 焦油下水tare 皮重target 标志tarnish 变暗tarragon oil 龙蒿油tarry material 煤焦油材料tartar 酒石tartar emetic 吐酒石tartaric acid 酒石酸tartrate 酒石酸盐tartronic acid 丙醇二酸tasimeter 微压计taurine 牛磺酸taurocholic acid 牛磺胆酸tautomer 互变体tautomeric change 互变异构变化tautomerism 互变现象taylor's series 泰勒级数tea oil 茶油tear gas 催泪性毒气tear resistance 撕破强度tearing property 催泪性technetium 锝technical analysis 工业分析technical atmosphere 工业大气压technical chemistry 工业化学technical reagent 工业试药teclu burner 特克卢燃烧器teflon 特弗隆tellurate 碲酸盐telluric acid 碲酸telluride 碲化物tellurite 亚碲酸盐tellurium 碲tellurium dioxide 二氧化碲tellurium tetrachloride 四氯化碲tellurous acid 亚碲酸telomer 帝物telomerization 第聚合酌temper brittleness 回火脆性temper carbon 回火碳temper hardening 回火硬化temperature coefficient 温度系数temperature coefficient of resistance 电阻温度系数temperature color scale 色温标temperature control 温度第temperature correction 温度校正temperature dependency 温度依存性temperature difference 温差temperature drop 温降temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature indicating compound 指示温度化合物temperature indicator 温度指示器temperature jump method 温度突变法temperature regulator 温度第器temperature scale 温标temperature stress 温差应力tempering 回火tempering oil 淬火用油template reaction 模板反应temporary hardness 暂时硬度temporary plankton 暂时性浮游生物tenacity 韧性tennantite 砷铜矿tenorite 黑铜矿tensile strain 受拉应变tensile strength 抗拉强度tensile test 拉力试验tensiometer 表面张力计tension 张力terbium 铽terebene 松节油精terephthalaldehyde 对酞醛terephthalic acid 对酞酸term of multiplet 多重项terminal group 末端基termination reaction 终止反应ternary alloy 三元合金ternary compound 三元化合物ternary point 三重点ternary system 三元系terpene 萜烯terpene alcohol 萜烯醇terpenoid 萜烯酯terphenyl 三联苯terpinene 萜品烯terpineol 萜品醇terpinolene 萜品油烯terpinyl acetate 乙酸萜品酯terpolymer 三元共聚物terra alba 白土terra cotta 混合陶器;赤陶土terramycin 土霉素tert butyl alcohol 叔丁醇tertiary alcohol 叔醇tertiary amine 叔胺tertiary calcium phosphate 磷酸三钙tertiary carbon atom 叔碳原子test of hypothesis 假设检验test paper 试纸test plant 试验车间test tube 试管test tube clamp 试管夹test tube holder 试管夹test tube stand 试管架testosterone 睾酮tetraborane 丁硼烷tetrabromoethylene 四溴代乙烯tetracaine 丁卡因tetracarboxylic acid 四羧tetrachlorobenzene 四氯代苯tetrachloroethane 四氯乙烷tetracosane 廿四碳烷tetracycline 四环素tetradecane 十四烷tetradecyl alcohol 十四醇tetraethylene glycol 四甘醇tetraethyllead 四乙基铅tetrafluoromethane 四氟甲烷tetragonal system 正方系tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃tetrahydronaphthalene 四氢化葵tetraiodoethylene 四碘乙烯tetralin 四氢化葵tetraline 四氢化萘tetramer 四聚物tetramethyl lead 四甲基铅tetramethylene 环丁烷tetramethylenediamine 四甲撑二胺tetramethyleneimine 吡咯烷tetranitromethane 四硝基甲烷tetrasaccharide 四糖tetrasilane 四硅烷tetrose 丁糖tetroxide 四氧化物tetryl 特屈儿textile 织物textile assistant 纺织助剂textile auxiliary agent 纺织助剂textile chemistry 纺织化学textile fiber 纺织用纤维textile finishing 织物完成加工textile industry 纺织工业textile oil 纺织用油textile printing 织物印花textile soap 丝光皂texture 构造组织thalline 沙啉thallium 铊thallium acetate 醋酸亚铊thallium chloride 氯化铊thallium monoxide 一氧化二铊thallium nitrate 硝酸亚铊thallium sulfate 硫酸亚铊thallium sulfide 硫化亚铊thallous compound 一价铊化合物thebaine 蒂巴因theine 咖啡碱thenard's blue 藤氏蓝thenardite 天然无水芒硝theobromine 可可碱theophylline 茶碱theorem of minimum entropy production 最小熵产生定理theoretical air requirement 理论空气量theoretical chemistry 理论化学theoretical organic chemistry 理论有机化学theoretical plate 理论板theoretical porosity 理论空隙率theoretical reaction temperature 理论反应温度theoretical yield 理论收率theory of electrolytic dissociation 电离理论theory of high polymer solution 高聚物溶液论theory of reaction rate 反应速率理论theory of similarity 相似理论theory of valence 原子价理论thermal absorption 热吸收thermal activation 热活化thermal analysis 热分析thermal black 热炭黑thermal conductivity 导热系数thermal cracking 热分解thermal decomposition 热分解thermal diffusion 热扩散thermal diffusivity 热扩散系数thermal dissociation 热力离解thermal efficiency 热效率thermal equilibrium 热平衡thermal equivalent 热当量thermal expansion 热膨胀thermal glass 耐热玻璃thermal neutron 热中子thermal plasticity 热塑性thermal polymerization 热聚合thermal radiation 热辐射thermal reforming 热重整thermal resistance 耐热性thermal resistor 热敏电阻器thermal shock 热冲击thermal stability 热稳定性thermal stress 热应力thermal treatment 热处理thermally stable polymer 耐热聚合物thermion 热离子thermionic current 热离子电流thermistor 热敏电阻器thermit 铝热剂thermite process 铝热法thermobalance 热天平thermochemical equation 热化学方程式thermochemistry 热化学thermochromism 热色现象thermocolor 示温涂料thermocouple 温差电偶thermocouple vacuum gage 热电偶式真空计thermodiffusion 热扩散thermodynamic equilibrium 热力平衡thermodynamical potential 热力势thermodynamics 热力学thermoelasticity 热弹性thermoelectric cell 热元件thermoelectric converter 热元件thermoelectric current 热电流thermoelectric pyrometer 热电偶高温计thermoelectric refrigeration 热电致冷thermoelectromotive force 温差电动势thermoelectron 热电子thermoelectronic emission 热电子放射thermograph 温度记录器thermogravimetric analysis 热重量分析thermoluminescence 热发光thermolysis 热分解thermolysis curve 热解曲线thermometer 温度计thermometric analysis 测温分析thermometric conductivity 温度传导率thermometric titration 测温滴定thermonuclear reaction 热核反应thermophile bacteria 耐热细菌thermopile 温差电堆thermoplastic resin 热塑尸thermoplasticity 热塑性thermoplastics 热塑塑料thermoregulator 温度第器thermoselective aromatization 热选择的芳化thermosetting adhesive 热硬化胶着剂thermosetting resin 热固性尸thermostat 恒温器thermostatic bimetal 恒温双金属thermotropic liquid crystal 热熔液晶thiamin 硫胺素thiamine diphosphate 二磷酸硫胺thiazine 噻嗪thiazine dyes 噻嗪染料thiazole 噻唑thiazole dye 噻唑染料thickener 浓缩器thin film 薄膜thin layer chromatography 薄层色谱法thinner 稀释剂thinning 稀释thinning agent 稀释剂thio acid 硫代酸thioacetal 硫缩醛thioacetamide 硫代乙酰胺thioacetazone 胺苯硫脲thioacetic acid 硫代乙酸thioalcohol 硫醇thioaldehyde 乙硫醛thioamide 硫代酰胺thiocarbamide 硫脲thiocarbanilide 均二苯硫脲thiocarbonate 硫代碳酸盐thiocarbonic acid 硫代碳酸thiocarbonyl chloride 二氯硫化碳thiochrome 硫色素thiocol 愈创木酚磺酸钾thiocresol 硫代甲酚thioctic acid 硫辛酸thiocyanate 硫氰酸盐thiocyanic acid 硫氰酸thiocyanic ester 硫氰酸酯thiocyanogen 硫化氰thiocyanogen value 硫氰值thiodan 硫丹thioether 硫醚thiofuran 噻吩thioindigo 硫靛thiokol 聚硫橡胶thiol 硫羟thiolic acid 硫羟酸thionic acid 硫羰酸thionine 亚氨嗪thionthiolic acid 硫羰代硫羰酸thionyl chloride 亚硫酰二氯thiophene 噻吩thiophenol 苯硫酚thiophosgene 硫光气thioplast 硫塑料thiosalicylic acid 硫代水杨酸thiosugar 硫糖thiosulfate 硫代硫酸盐thiosulfuric acid 硫代硫酸thiourea 硫脲素thioxene 二甲基噻吩thioxine dyes 硫化染料thiram 福美双third order reaction 三级反应thiuram 秋兰姆thixotropy 触变性thomas converter 托马斯转炉thomson's atom model 汤姆逊原子模型thomsonite 杆沸石thoria 氧化钍thorite 钍石thorium 钍thorium chloride 氯化钍thorium nitrate 硝酸钍thorium oxide 氧化钍thorium series 钍系thorium sulfate 硫酸钍thorpe reaction 苏反应thought experiment 思考实验thread like molecule 线型分子three color process 三原色印刷three dimensional structure 三维结构three high mill 三辊式轧机three way cock 三通阀threonine 苏氨酸threshold dose 临界剂量threshold treatment 极限处理threshold value 临界值throat 炉顶throat opening 炉口throat platform 炉顶操专thrombese 凝血酶thrombin 凝血酶thrombokinase 促凝血酶throughput 生产能力;量thujane 桧烷thujone 侧柏酮thulium 铥thymidine 胸腺嘧啶thymidylic acid 胸苷酸thymine 胸腺嘧啶thymol 百里酚thymol blue 百里酚蓝thymolphthalein 百里酚酞thymoquinone 百里香醌thyrocalcitonin 降钙素thyroid hormone 甲状腺激素thyrotropin 促甲状腺激素thyroxine 甲状腺素tibione 替比昂tile 瓷砖timber 木材time constant 时间常数time exposure 长时间曝光time of coagulation 凝结时间time of drying 干燥时间time resolved spectroscopy 时间分辨光谱法time series 时序列time series analysis 时序列分析tin 锡tin alloy 锡合金tin ash 锡灰tin chloride 二氯化锡tin foil 锡箔tin hydroxide 氢氧化亚锡tin mordanting 用锡媒染tin oxide 二氧化锡tin pest 锡瘟tin plate 白铁皮tin plating 镀锡tin powder 锡粉tin putty 锡灰tin salt 亚锡盐tin tetrachloride 氯化锡tincal 原硼砂tinctorial power 着色力tincture 酊tincture of iodine 碘酊tindichloride 二氯化锡tindihydroxide 氢氧化亚锡tindioxide 二氧化锡tinge 色调色彩tinning 镀锡tinting strength 着色力tire cord 轮胎帘布tire mould 轮胎压模tire stock 轮胎胶料tiselius electrophoresis apparatus 钛氏电泳装置tissue 组织;薄纸titanate 钛酸盐titanic acid 钛酸titanic iron ore 钛铁矿titanium 钛titanium carbide 碳化钛titanium chloride 氯化钛titanium dioxide 钛白titanium oxide 氧化钛titanium pigment 钛颜料titanium sulfate 硫酸钛titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛titanium white 钛白titanometry 钛盐滴定法titer 滴定率titrant 滴定法被测溶液titrating solution 滴定剂titration 滴定titration apparatus 滴定仪器titration curve 滴定曲线titration error 滴定误差titrimetric analysis 滴定分析titrimetric factor 容量因数titrimetry 滴定分析tl 铊tnt ammonium nitrate explosive tnt 硝酸铵炸药tobias acid 托拜厄斯酸tocopherol 生育酚toilet soap 香皂tolan 二苯乙炔tolerance 容限tolidine 联甲苯胺tollens reaction 托伦斯氏反应tollens reagent 托伦斯试剂tolu balsam 妥卢香脂toluene 甲苯toluene sulfonamide 甲苯磺酰胺toluenesulfonic acid 甲苯磺酸toluic acid 甲苯酸toluidine 甲苯胺toluol 甲苯toluquinone 甲苯醌toluylene 二苯乙烯toluylene red 中性红tomatidine 番茄碱toner 但剂top coat 表面涂层top fermentation 表层发酵top yeast 上面酵母topaz 黄玉topochemical control 局部化学控制topochemical reaction 局部化学反应topochemistry 局部化学topological space 拓扑空间topping 拔顶蒸去轻油;着色torsion 扭转torsion test 扭曲试验torsion viscosimeter 扭力粘度计torula 圆酵母total analysis 全分析total ash 总灰分total condenser 完全冷凝器total hardness 总硬度total loss 全损失total moisture 总水分total pressure 全压力total reaction rate 总反应速度total reflection 全反射total sum 总额total synthesis 总合成touch paper 导火纸toughened filter paper 韧性滤纸tourmaline 电气石tower mill 塔式粉碎机town gas 城市煤气toxaphene 毒杀芬toxic agent 毒剂toxic gas 毒气toxicant 毒剂toxicity 毒性toxicology 毒物学toxin 毒toxoid 类毒素trace analysis 微量分析trace chemistry 痕量化学trace element 微量元素trace element fertilizer 微量元素肥料tracer 示踪剂trade mark 商标trade name 商品名称tragacanth 黄蓍胶tranquilizer 镇静剂trans effect 转移效应trans form 反式trans isomer 反式异构体transamination 氨基转移transannular interaction 跨环相互酌transducer 变换器transesterification 转酯基酌transfer 传递transfer molding 传递模塑transfer pipet 移液吸管transfer transport 电子转移transferase 转移酶transference 传递transference number 迁移数transformation 转换transformation constant 转换常数transformation point 转换点transformer 变压器transformer oil 变压仆transient equilibrium 过渡平衡transient starch 过渡淀粉transistor 晶体管transition 转变transition element 过渡元素transition point 转变点transition probability 转移概率transition state 跃迁态transition temperature 转变温度transition time 迁移时间transition time constant 过渡时间常数translucent paper 半透媒transmethylation 甲基转移酌transmission 透过transmission coefficient 透射系数transmittance 透射率transmutation 转变transmutation of element 元素蜕变transparency 透萌transparency tester 透萌试验机transparent soap 透庙transport coefficient 输运系数transport number 迁移数transuranic element 超铀元素transuranium element 超铀元素trapped electron 捕获电子trauzl's lead block test 特劳茨尔试验tray 塔盘treacle 废蜜treatment before plating 镀金前处理trehalose 海藻糖triacetate 三乙酸酯triacetin 三醋精triacidic base 三价碱triad 三价元素triamylamine 三戊胺triangular diagram 三角形图解triatomic 三原子状triazine 三嗪triazole 三唑tribasic acid 三元酸tribochemistry 摩擦化学triboluminescence 摩擦发光tributyl phosphate 磷酸三丁酯tricalcium phosphate 磷酸三钙tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙tricarballylic acid 丙三羧酸trichloroacetic acid 三氯乙酸trichlorobenzene 三氯苯trichloroethane 不均三氯乙烷trichloroethylene 三氯乙烯trichloronitromethane 三氯硝基甲烷trichlorosilane 三氯硅烷trichroism 三色性triclinic system 三斜晶系tricosane 廿三烷tricresyl phosphate 磷酸三个甲苯酯tridecane 十三烷tridecanol 十三醇tridymite 鳞石英triethanolamine 三乙醇胺triethyl phosphate 磷酸三乙酯triethylamine 三乙胺triethylene glycol 三甘醇triethylene melamine 三乙烯亚胺三嗪triglyceride 甘油三酯trigonal system 三方晶系trihydrate 三水合物trihydric alcohol 三元醇trilaurin 三月桂精trilon b 乙二胺四乙酸trimanganese tetroxide 四氧化三锰trimer 三聚物trimethylacetic acid 特戊酸trimethylaluminium 三甲基铝trimethylamine 三甲胺trimethylene 环丙烷trimethylene glycol 丙二醇trimethylene trinitramine 三亚甲基三硝基胺trimolecular reaction 三分子反应trinitrotoluene 三硝基甲苯triolein 三油精triose 丙糖trioxane 三氧杂环己烷trioxide 三氧化物tripalmitin 三棕榈精triphane 锂辉石triphenyl phosphate 磷酸三苯酯triphenylamine 三苯胺triphenylmethane dye 三苯甲烷染料triple bond 三键triple complex 三重络合物triple effect evaporator 三效蒸发器triple link 三键triple point 三相点triplet 三重线triplet state 三重线态tripod 三脚架tripoli 风化硅石tripolyphosphate 三聚磷酸盐trisaccharide 三糖trisilane 丙硅烷tristearin 三硬脂精trisulfide 三硫化合物triterpene 三萜烯trithionic acid 连三硫酸tritium 氚triton 氚核triuranium octoxide 八氧化三铀trivalence 三价trivalency 三价trivial name 惯用名trommel 转筒筛trona 天然碱tropic acid 托品酸tropine 亲菌素tropinone 托品酮tropocollagen 原胶原tropolone 托酚酮tropomyosin 原肌球蛋白tropone 环庚三烯酮trotyl 梯遁trouton's rule 特鲁顿法则true acidity 真实酸度true condensing point 临界冷凝温度true purity 真纯度true solution 真溶液true specific gravity 真比重trypaflavine 吖啶黄trypsin 胰朊酶tryptophan 色氨酸tube mill 管式磨tubular reactor 管状反应器tuff 凝灰岩tumbling barrel 滚筒tung oil 桐油tungstate 钨酸盐tungsten 钨tungsten carbide 碳化钨tungsten dioxide 二氧化钨tungsten filament 钨丝tungsten oxide 氧化钨tungsten steel 钨钢tungstic acid 钨酸tungstic anhydride 钨酐tunnel dryer 隧道式干燥机tunnel effect 隧道效应tunnel kiln 隧道式窑tunnel oven 隧道式窑turbidimeter 浊度计turbidimetric analysis 比浊法turbidimetric titration 浊度滴定turbidimetry 比浊法turbidity 浊度turbine agitator 汽轮式搅拌器turbine oil 汽轮机油turbine pump 再生涡轮泵turbine stirrer 汽轮式搅拌器turbo compressor 涡轮压缩机turbulent diffusion 湍俩散turbulent flow 湍流turmeric 姜黄属turmeric paper 姜黄试纸turnbull's blue 腾氏蓝turpentine 松脂turpentine oil 松节油twin 双晶two colored effect 两色效应two component system 二组分系two dimensional chromatography 二维色谱法two stage compressor 两级压气机two way cock 二路栓tyield point 屈服点tyield stress 屈服点tyndall effect 廷德尔氏效应tyndall phenomenon 廷德尔氏现象type metal 活字合金type reaction 典型反应typical element 典型元素tyramine 酪胶tyre mould 轮胎压模tyrocidine 短杆菌酪素tyrosinase 酪氨酸酶tyrosine 酪氨酸tyrosine oxidase 酪氨酸酶tyrothricin 短杆菌素。

化学常用英语词汇1．The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms（机制）反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis（catalysis英 [kə'tæləsɪs] n.催化作用）均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程（spontaneous [spɒnˈteɪniəs] adj.自发的;自然的;天然产生的;无意识的）29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero leve 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shif 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。

化工英语词汇大集合介绍化学工程领域使用的英语词汇对于从事化工行业的人员来说是非常重要的。

本文将为您提供一个包含各种化工英语词汇的大集合，旨在帮助化工从业人员扩充词汇量，提高工作效率。

基础词汇以下是一些化工领域常用的基础词汇：1.Chemical Engineering - 化学工程2.Reaction - 反应3.Reactor - 反应器4.Catalyst - 催化剂5.Chemical Reaction - 化学反应6.Mass Transfer - 质量传递7.Heat Transfer - 热传递8.Fluid Dynamics - 流体力学9.Separation - 分离10.D istillation - 蒸馏11.E xtraction - 萃取12.F iltration - 过滤13.E vaporation - 蒸发14.C rystallization - 结晶15.A bsorption - 吸收16.A dsorption - 吸附17.M ixing - 混合18.S cale-up - 放大比例19.B atch Process - 批处理20.C ontinuous Process - 连续流程反应器及设备1.Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) - 连续搅拌槽反应器2.Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) - 管流反应器3.Fixed Bed Reactor - 固定床反应器4.Fluidized Bed Reactor - 流化床反应器5.Tubular Reactor - 管式反应器6.Heat Exchanger - 热交换器7.Distillation Column - 蒸馏塔8.Separator - 分离器9.Filter - 过滤器10.E vaporator - 蒸发器11.M ixer - 搅拌器12.P ump - 泵13.C ompressor - 压缩机14.A gitator - 搅拌器15.C ondenser - 冷凝器化学品和物质1.Chemical Compound - 化合物2.Element - 元素3.Atom - 原子4.Molecule - 分子5.Chemical Formula - 化学式6.Reactant - 反应物7.Product - 产物8.Solvent - 溶剂9.Soluble - 可溶解的10.I nsoluble - 不溶解的11.A cid - 酸12.B ase - 碱13.S alt - 盐14.O rganic - 有机的15.I norganic - 无机的16.P olymer - 聚合物17.M onomer - 单体18.C atalyst - 催化剂19.O xidation - 氧化20.R eduction - 还原工艺过程1.Batch Process - 批处理2.Continuous Process - 连续流程3.Polymerization - 聚合4.Cracking - 破解5.Hydration - 水合6.Hydrogenation - 加氢7.Dehydration - 脱水8.Distillation - 蒸馏9.Filtration - 过滤10.E xtraction - 萃取11.E vaporation - 蒸发12.C rystallization - 结晶13.A dsorption - 吸附14.A bsorption - 吸收15.D rying - 干燥16.M ixing - 混合17.R eactor Design - 反应器设计18.P rocess Optimization - 工艺优化19.S afety Analysis - 安全分析20.W aste Treatment - 废物处理实验及测试方法boratory - 实验室2.Experiment - 实验3.Analysis - 分析4.Spectroscopy - 光谱学5.Chromatography - 色谱法6.Mass Spectrometry - 质谱法7.NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) - 核磁共振8.IR (Infrared) Spectroscopy - 红外光谱9.UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) Spectroscopy - 紫外可见光谱10.H PLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) - 高效液相色谱法11.G C (Gas Chromatography) - 气相色谱法12.T GA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) - 热重分析13.D SC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) - 差示扫描量热法14.V iscosity - 黏性15.p H - 酸碱度16.D ensity - 密度17.M elting Point - 熔点18.B oiling Point - 沸点19.V apor Pressure - 蒸汽压20.F lash Point - 闪点以上仅为一小部分化工英语词汇，但已能涵盖化学工程领域的基础知识、设备、化学品和实验测试方法。

reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant 未转化的反应物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization 结晶drying 干燥screening 筛选，浮选chemicalreaction 化学反应cracking ofpetroleum 石油裂解catalyst 催化剂，reaction zone 反应区conservation of mass and energy 能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion 百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline 汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity 气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical 特殊化学品，特种化学品batch 间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics 填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect反射，inflection:折射matte 无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer 界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion 扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law 费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A 与B 的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam 蒸汽regenerate 再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component 未吸收组分purity 纯度volatility 挥发性vapor pressure 蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense 凝缩，冷凝binary distillation 双组分精馏multi-component distillation 多组分精馏stage-type distillation column 级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit 导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity 重力weir 溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device 汽液接触装置valve tray 浮阀塔板reboiler 再沸器vaporization 汽化condensate 冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor 塔顶汽体condenser 冷凝器i feed tray 进料板base 塔底，基础bottoms product 塔底产品condensation 冷凝stripping section 汽提段,提馏段distillate section 精馏段total condense 全凝器distillateproduct 塔顶馏出产品reflux 回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution 溶液fractional crystallization 分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble 可溶解的solvent 溶剂employ 采纳，利用miscible 可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin 石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil 润滑油decompose 分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin 青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation 沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol 乙醇)extract 萃取液heat requirement 热负荷solute 溶质extract phase 萃取相baffle-plate 折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank 沉降槽centrifuge 离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent 乳化剂density difference 密度差raffinate 萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material 过程物料(相对最终产品而言的）organic 有机的，有机物的benzene 苯humidity 湿度moisture content 湿含量drying rate 干燥速率critical moisture content 临界湿湿含量falling-rate 降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period 恒速干燥阶段convection drying 对流干燥drying gas 干燥气体falling-rate period 降速干燥阶段mean value 平均值vacuum drying 真空干燥discolor 变色，脱色sublime 升华freeze drying 冷冻干燥adiabatic 绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与 -- 垂直counter-current 逆流per unit area 单位面积water-cooling tower 水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet 水珠，水滴quantitative relation 定量关系thermal diffusion 热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer 分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces 曳力a function of …的函数of the same order 具有同一数量级eddy diffusion 涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number 雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow 充分发展湍流coefficient 系数In principle 从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic 吸热的,adiabatic 绝热的）triple bond 三健，三价nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物compound 化合物conversion 转化，转化率protein 蛋白质compress 压缩reaction yield 反应产率reaction speed 反应速度one-pass（单程）reactor energy input 能量输入maximum 最大的near toequilibrium 接近平衡output 产出，输出，产量fertilizer 化肥urea 尿素ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氢铵ash 纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers 聚合物nylon 尼龙acrylics 丙烯酸树脂via 经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢nitric acid 硝酸bulk explosive 集装炸药crude oil 原油natural gas 天然气bitumen 沥青fossil fuel 化石燃料seepage 渗出物asphalt 沥青oil drilling 采油gasoline 汽油paint 涂料plastic 塑料synthetic rubber 合成橡胶fiber 纤维soap 肥皂cleansing agent 清洗剂wax 石蜡explosive 炸药oil shale 油页岩deposit 沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock 沉积岩sandstone 砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand 沥青石chain-shaped 链状的methane 甲烷paraffin 石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene 环烷烃naphtha 石脑油tarry 柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene 沥青油impurity 杂质pollutant 污染物combustion 燃烧capillarity 毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance 粘性阻力barrel 桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker 油轮kerosene 煤油heavy gas oil 重瓦斯油reforming 重整cracking 裂化octane number of gasoline 汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science 材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics 固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacantatomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的,非晶型的,非结晶的,玻璃状的;无一定目的的,乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model 水力学模型two-phase flow 两相流dispersionmodel 分散模型toxic 有毒的release 释放，排放probabilityof failure 失效概率accidentprevention 事故预防hard hat安全帽safety shoe 防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention 损失预防hazardidentification 危害辩识，technical evaluation 技术评估safety management support 安全管理基础知识safety experience 安全经验technical competence 技术能力safety knowledge 安全知识design engineer 设计师cost engineer 造价师process engineering 过程工程plant layout 工厂布局general service facilities 公用工程plant location 工厂选址close teamwork 紧密的团队协作specialized group 专业组storage仓库waste disposal 废物处理terminology 术语，词汇accountant 会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal 决议tangible return 有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles 基本原理，基本规则regression model 回归模型.operating condition 操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique 非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages 过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression 最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity 强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification 模式识别neural network 神经网络a priori：先验的,既定的,不根据经验的,由原因推出结果的,演绎的,直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative 定性的quantitative precision 定量的精确high-fidelity 高保真的computationallyintensive 计算量大的mathematical expression steady-state model 稳态模型bioengineering 生物工程artificial 人工的hearing aid 助听器artificial limb 假肢supportive or substitute organ 辅助或替代器官biosynthesis 生物合成life scientist 生命科学家agricultural engineer 农艺师fermentation 发酵civil engineer 土木工程师sanitation 卫生physiologists 生理学criteria 指标human medicine 人体医学medicalelectronics 医疗电子medicalinstrumentation 医疗器械blood-flow dynamics 血液流动动力学prosthetics 假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon 外科医生replacement organ 器官移植physiologist 生理学家counterpart 对应物，配对物psychology 心理学self-taught 自学barrier 障碍物medical engineering 医学工程，医疗工程health care 保健diagnostic application of computers 计算机诊断agricultural engineering 农业工程biological production 生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering 人类与环境工程environmental health engineering 环境健康工程environmentally benign processing 环境友好加工commodity or specialty 通用商品或特殊化学品styrene 苯乙烯ibuprofen 异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association 化工生产协会as a whole 整体而言emission 释放物，排放物voluntary 自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of 无---存在deactivate 失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical 制药segment 段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage 吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt 无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate 论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront 最前线，最前沿Lewisacid 不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous 无水的phaseout 消除HF alkylation 氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation 催化氧化governmental regulation 政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate 药物中间体stereoselective 立体选择性的ketone 酮functional group 官能团detrimental 有害的chlorofluorocarbon 二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳straightforward 简单明了的coordinating ligand 配合体，向心配合体kilogram 千克thermal stability 热稳定性devastate 破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membranetechnology 膜技术productionline 生产线dairy 牛奶water purification 水净化ifetime 寿命membrane module 膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive 添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system 封闭系统substitute 取代，替代technical challenge 技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment 污水处理fouling 污垢，发泡surface treatment 表面处理applied Chemistry 应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound 化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的refix 前缀alkane 烷烃family 族carbon skeleton 碳骨架chain 链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix 后缀constitute 取代物，取代基homologous series 同系物branched chain 支链烷烃parent 母链，主链derivative 衍生物substituent 取代基locant 位次，位标replicating prefix 重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography 气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry 分析化学moving gas stream 移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization 溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient 活度系数counteract 抵消milliliter 毫升essential oil 香精油test mixture 测试混合物sample 样品helium 氦argon 氩carrier 载体injection 注射stationary nonvolatile phase 静止的不挥发相detector 检测器fraction collector 馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography 柱状液相色谱仪retention volume 保留体积retention times 保留时间high-performance 高性能mobile phase 移动相high-efficiency 高效的analyte 分析物plane chromatography 薄层色谱capillary action 毛细管作用assay 分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor 保留因子，延迟因子。

thermodynamics n. 热力学 system n. 体系 thermodynamic state 热力学状态 dimension 量纲 SI= International System of Units 国际单位制 强度（热力学）变量 广度（热力学）变量celsius scale 摄氏刻度 → fahrenheit scale 华氏刻度 kelvin scale 开尔文刻度 → Rankine scale dead-weight gauge 静压、压力表 mano meter （流体）压力计 product 乘积 kinetic energy 动能 221mu E k = potential energy 势能mgz E P =conservation守恒* Terms in chapter 2sublimation curve 升华线 fusion curve 熔融线vaporization curve （蒸发）汽化线single-phase region 单相区 triple point 三相点univariant 单变量 divariant 多变量critical point 临界点 critical pressure 临界压力critical temperature 临界温度dome-shaped curve 圆拱形曲线saturated vapors at their condensation temperatures 露点的饱和蒸汽 saturated liquids at their vaporization(boiling) temperatures 泡点的饱和液体vapor pressure 蒸汽压subcooled-liquid region 过冷液体区 superheated-vapor region 过热蒸汽区partial derivative 偏导数differentiate v . 求微分，求导 differentiation n. derivate n. 求导数 derivation 求导数，求解incompressible fluid 不可压缩流体 ideal-gas理想气体simple fluid简单流体 （argon 、krypton 、xenon ）virial expansion维里展开式 virial coefficients 维里系数 virial equation维里方程equation of state状态方程compressibility factor 压缩因子 RTPVZ = volume expansivity体积膨胀系数PT V V ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛∂∂=1βisothermal compressibility 等温压缩系数 TP V V ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛∂∂=1κ acentric factor偏心因子isothermal process 等温过程 isobaric process 等压过程 isochoric process等容过程 adiabatic process 绝热过程 polytropic process 多变过程throttling process节流过程 0=∆Htruncate equation to two terms 截断方程前二项 cubic equation of state 立方型状态方程reduced pressure 对比压力 reduced temperature 对比温度 reduced density对比密度corresponding-state parameters 对应态参数 generalized correlations 普遍化关联nonpolar非极性的 slightly polar 弱极性的 highly polar高极性的volumetric properties 容积性质 realistic 现实主义的，逼真的dashed line虚线dotted line 点线 straight line 实线Terms in chapter 3internal energy 内能 transport across kinetic energy 动能 221mu E t =potential energy 势能 m g z E p = conservation 守恒operator 算符，运算符 （such as “Δ”） system 体系 surroundings 环境 closed system 封闭体系 open system 开放体系finite change 有限的变化 infinitesimal change 无限的变化 differential change 微分（小）的变化 intensive property 强度性质 extensive property 广度性质specific or molar property 单位（比）性质或摩尔性质 property — variable — functionthermodynamics state of the system 体系热力学状态 thermodynamics properties 热力学性质 state function(s) 状态函数equilibrium 平衡 (the) phase rule 相率reversible process 可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程mechanically reversible 机械可逆thermostate 恒温箱constant—temperature bath 恒温浴efficiency 效率，（有效）系数enthalpy 焓heat capacity 热容constant—volume heat capacity 恒容热容constant—pressure heat capacity 恒压热容vector quantity 矢量scalar magnitude 数量，纯量continuity equation 连续方程steady state (flow process) 移去（流动过程）datum level 基准面shaft work 体积功stirring work 搅拌功work associated with moving the flow streams 流动功expansion work 膨胀功surface work 表面功electricity work 电功calorimeter 量热计(测定焓)intensive property 强度性质extensive property 广度性质shaft work 轴功enthalpy 焓entropy 熵heat-capacity 热容Gibbs energy (G) 吉布斯自由能Helmholtz energy (A) 亥姆霍茨自由能internal energy 内能system 系统，体系close system 封闭体系equilibrium state 平衡态total differential of F F的全微分exact differential expression 全微分表达式Maxwell equations 麦克斯威尔方程homogeneous fluid 均相流体residual property 剩余性质real gas 真实气体actual gasideal gas 理想气体explicit function 显函数volume explicit 体积显函数pressure explicit 压力显函数isentropic process 等熵过程reversible adiabatic process 绝热可逆过程pseudocritical parameter 虚拟临界参数path variables 过程变量state variables 状态变量constant pressure heat capacity CP 等压热容constant volume heat capacity C V 等容热容residual property 剩余性质reference state 参比态reference conditionpartial derivative 偏导数total derivative 全导数β volume expansivity 体积膨胀系数κ isothermal compressibility 等温压缩系数quality 干度fugacity 逸度fugacity coefficient 逸度系数*Terms in Chapter 4chemical potential 化学势，化学位partial property 偏性质partial molar property 偏摩尔性质ideal solution 理想溶液real solution 真实溶液excess property 超额/过量性质excess Gibbs energy 超额/过量自由焓partial excess property 偏摩尔超额/过量性质activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数standard state 标准态property change of mixing 混合性质regular solution 正规溶液atherpical solution 无热溶液local-composition 局部组成local molar fraction 局部摩尔分数*Terms in Chapter 5First Law of thermodynamics（energy conservation law）热力学第一定律steady-state flow processes 稳定状态流动过程control volume 控制体heat Engines 热机Carnot engine 卡诺热机thermal efficiency 热效率thermodynamic efficiency 热力学效率isentropic efficiency 等熵效率ideal work and lost work 理想功和损耗功exergy 火用available Energy, availability, utilizable Energy 有效能*Terms in Chapter 6steam Power cycle 蒸汽动力循环Carnot-engine cycle 卡诺循环cycle with feed water heaters 抽气回热循环heat-power cycle 热电循环exhaust steam 乏气heat reservoir 热源working substance of the engine 工质specific steam consumption 汽耗率SSCrefrigeration Cycle 制冷循环vapor-compression cycle 蒸汽压缩（制冷）循环absorption refrigeration 吸收式制冷Carnot refrigeration 卡诺冷机reversed heat-engine cycle 逆热机循环multi-stage compression refrigeration多级压缩制冷heat pump 热泵throttling expansion process 节流膨胀过程reversible adiabatic expansion process 可逆绝热膨胀过程inversion curve and inversion point 转变曲线和转变点condenser 冷凝器expander 膨胀机compressor 压缩机evaporator 蒸发器supheater 过热器turbine 透平机boiler 锅炉pump 泵*Statements of the second lawstatement1: No apparatus can operate in such a way that its only effect (in system and surrounings) is to convert heat absorbed by a system completely into work done by the system。

化工术语中英文对照大全前言化工术语是在化学工程和化学领域中使用的一系列专业术语。

随着全球化的进程，化工行业与国际市场的交流与合作日益频繁。

掌握化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的，能够方便与国际同行交流、合作与沟通。

本文档整理了一份化工术语的中英文对照大全，方便化工从业人员在国际交流中准确地表达和理解专业术语。

术语列表以下是常用化工术语的中英文对照列表：1.聚合物 - Polymer2.离子 - Ion3.反应器 - Reactor4.温度 - Temperature5.压力 - Pressure6.流体 - Fluid7.溶液 - Solution8.摩尔质量 - Molar mass9.等压过程 - Isothermal process10.等温过程 - Isobaric process11.等容过程 - Isochoric process12.间歇反应 - Batch reaction13.持续反应 - Continuous reaction14.催化剂 - Catalyst15.化学平衡 - Chemical equilibrium16.离子交换 - Ion exchange17.液相萃取 - Liquid-liquid extraction18.气相色谱 - Gas chromatography19.液相色谱 - Liquid chromatography20.气相质谱 - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry21.电泳 - Electrophoresis22.光谱学 - Spectroscopy23.吸收 - Absorption24.反应速率 - Reaction rate25.反应动力学 - Reaction kinetics26.化学工程 - Chemical engineering27.材料科学 - Materials science28.环境工程 - Environmental engineering29.工艺优化 - Process optimization30.安全工程 - Safety engineering使用示例为了更好地理解这些术语的用法，以下是一些使用示例：1.。

《工程热力学》中英文对照词汇表Absolute entropy（绝对熵）Absolute pressure（绝对压力）Absolute temperature（绝对温度）Absolute zero of temperature（绝对零度）Absolute zero of temperature（绝对零度）Adiabatic enthalpy drop（绝热焓降）Adiabatic exponent（绝热指数）Adiabatic flame temperature（绝热燃烧温度）Adiabatic process（绝热过程）Adiabatic system（绝热系）Anergy（无效能，火无）Atmosphere（大气）Available energy（有效能）Avogadro’s hypothesis（阿伏伽德罗假说）Binary vapor cycle（两气循环）Boltzmann’s constant（玻尔兹曼常数）Carnot cycle（卡诺循环）Carnot cycle（卡诺循环）Carnot,N.L.S.（卡诺）Carnot’s theorem（卡诺定理）Celsius temperature scale（摄氏温标）Characteristic function（特性函数）Chemical equilibrium constant （化学平衡常数）Chemical equilibrium（化学平衡）Chemical potential（化学势）Chemical thermodynamics（化学热力学）Clapeyron equation（克拉贝龙方程）Classical thermodynamics（经典热力学）Clausius,R.（克劳修斯）Clausius-Clapeyron equation（克劳修斯－克拉贝龙方程）Closed system（闭口系）Closed system（闭口系统0 Coefficient of performance of refrigerator（制冷系数）Coefficient of thermal expansion （热膨胀系数）Coefficient of utilization of thermal energy（热能利用系数）Combined cycle（联合循环）Compressibility factor（压缩因子）Compression ratio of cycle（循环压缩比）Compression work（压缩功）Condition of phase equilibrium （相平衡条件）Condition of stability（稳定条件）Conservation of energy（能量守恒）Conservation of mass（质量守恒）Continuity equation（连续性方程）Control mass（控制质量）Control surface（控制面）Control volume（控制容积）Convergent nozzle（渐缩喷管）Convergent-divergent nozzle（缩放喷管）Criteria for equilibrium（平衡判据）Critical point（临界点）Critical pressure ratio（临界压力比）Cycle（循环）Degradation of energy（能量贬值）Density（密度）Dew-point（露点）Diesel cycle（狄赛尔循环）Diffuser（扩压管）Dissipation of energy（能量耗散）Divergent nozzle（渐扩喷管）Dolton’s law of partial pressure （道尔顿分压定律）Dual cycle（混合加热循环）Effect of dissipation（耗散效应）Energy（能量）Engineering thermodynamics（工程热力学）Enthalpy drop（焓降）Enthalpy（焓）Entropy balance equation（熵方程）Entropy（熵）Equation of energy for steady flow（稳定流动能量方程）Equation of state in reduced form（对比态方程）Equation of state（状态方程）Equilibrium state（平衡状态）Equilibrium（平衡）Exergy（火用）Expansion work（膨胀功）Extensive quantity（尺度量）Fahrenheit temperature scale（华氏温标）First law of thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）Flow work（流动功）Flux of entropy（熵流）Force（力）Free energy（自由能）Free enthalpy（自由焓）Free expansion（自由膨胀）Friction（摩擦）Gas constant（气体常数）Gas（气体）Gauge pressure（表压力）Generalized compressibility chart（通用压缩因子图）Generalized work（广义功）Generation of entropy（熵产）Gibbs’function（吉布斯函数）Gibbs’J.W.（吉布斯）Gibbs’phase rule（吉布斯相律）Gravitational potential（重力位能）Heat of combustion（燃烧热）Heat of reaction（反应热）《传热学》课程专业英语词汇 1. heat transfer 传热学2. heat conduction 导热 3. convection heat transfer 对流换热4. thermal radiation 热辐射 5. condensation heat transfer 凝结换热6. boiling heat transfer 沸腾换热7. number of heat transfer unit 传热单元数8. heat exchanger 换热器9. temperature field 温度场10. Fourier’s law 傅里叶定律11. Isothermal surface 等温面12. temperature gradient 温度梯度13. unsteady heat conduction 非稳态导热14. Isotherms 等温线15. lumped method 集总参数法16. thermal conductivity 导热系数17. heat flux 热流密度18. thermal resistance 热阻19. Newton’s law of cooling 牛顿冷却公式20. boundary layer 边界层21. thermal boundary layer 热边界层22. continuity equation 连续性方程23. laminar flow in tube 管内层流24. turbulent flow in tube 管内湍流25. in-tube boiling 管内沸腾26. dimensional analysis 量纲分析27. flow boundary layer 流动边界层28. fin 肋片29. fin efficiency 热效率30. Reynolds number 雷诺数31. Nusselt number 努谢尔数32. Prandtl number 普朗克数33. Planck’slaw普朗克定律34. boundary layer integral equation 边界层积分方程35．boundary layer differential equation 边界层微分方程36．boundary condition 边界条件37．finite difference 差分38.initial condition 初始条件39．transmissivity 穿透比40.mass transfer process 传质过程41.natural convection in infinite space 大空间自然对流42.poor boiling 大容器沸腾43.partial differential equation of heat conduction 导热微分方程44.numerical solution of heat conduction 导热问题数值解45.directional radiation intensity 定向辐射强度46.log-mean temperature difference 对数平均温差47.multidimensional steady state heat conduction 多维稳态导热48.emissivity 发射率49.analytical solution of transient heat conduction 非稳态导热问题分析解50.Fourier number 傅里叶数work method of radiation heat exchange 辐射换热的网络法52.emissive power 辐射力53.Grashof number 格拉晓夫数54.insulating material 隔热材料（保温材料，绝热材料）55.spectral emissive power 光谱辐射力56.excess temperature 过余温度57.nucleate boiling 核态沸腾58.black body 黑体（绝对黑体）59.flow across single tube 横掠单管60.flow across non-circular cylinder 横掠非圆形截面柱体61.flow across tube bundles 横掠管束62.gray body 灰体63.effectiveness of heat exchanger 换热器的效能64.mixed convection 混合对流65.Kirchhoff’s law 基尔霍夫定律66.cross strings method 交叉线法67.view factor ,angle factor 角系数68.heat conduction with internal heat source 具有内热源的导热erning equation 控制方程place equation 拉普拉斯方程mbert’s law 兰贝特定律72.discretized equation 离散方程73.critical insulation radius 临界绝缘直径74 diffuse surface 漫射表面75.film-wise condensation 膜状凝结76.internal flow 内部流动77.counter-flow 逆流78.gaseous radiation 气体辐射79.enhancement of heat transfer 强化传热80.forced convection 强制对流81.heat pipe 热管82.heat transfer rate 热流量83.time constant 时间常数84.numerical solution 数值解85.Stefan-Boltzmann’s law 斯特潘-波耳兹曼定律86.velocity boundary layer 速度边界层87.solar radiation 太阳辐射88.characteristic length 特征长度89.characteristic number 特征数（准则数）90.irradiation 投入辐射91.turbulent flow 湍流92.external flow 外部流动93.flow along a flat plate 外掠平板94.Wien’s displacement law 维恩位移定律95.green house effect 温室效应96.steady –state heat conduction 稳态导热97.thermal resistance of fouling 污垢热阻98.absorptivity 吸收比99.back difference 向后差分100.forward difference 向前差分101.similarity principle 相似原理102.shape factor 形状因子103.1-dimensional steady state heat conduction 一维稳态导热。

化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactortransfer of heat,evaporation,crystallization结晶drying干燥screening筛选，浮选chemical reaction化学反应cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化剂，reaction zone反应区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成.commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射，inflection:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器ifeed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的） organic有机的，有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色，脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet水珠，水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的）triple bond三健，三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化，转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass（单程） reactorenergy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵 ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的；无一定目的的，乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语，词汇accountant会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori：先验的，既定的，不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的，直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物，配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化lifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代，替代technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢，发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的prefix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物，取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链，主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次，位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子。