当前位置：文档之家 › Unit 4. British Politics

Unit 4. British Politics

  • 格式：ppt
  • 大小：974.50 KB
  • 文档页数：17

下载文档原格式

  / 17

合集下载

Unit4-Politics-Class-and--Race

Unit4-Politics-Class-and--Race
裕阶层收税转而资助平穷阶层，以达到将富人的一部分财产再分配给穷 人的目的。


③Government should be the right body to provide a range of public services available to all,such as health, education and public transport.政府应该是向全民提供一系列公共服务设施的
实施全民医疗制度，为所有国民提高质量、免费的终身医疗保健

Hale Waihona Puke ②Providing a range of welfare payments .
提供一系列福利金

③Nationalize a wide range of industries.
将大批工矿国有化


（4）Effects
①Making the UK into a mixed economy with both private and a large state-owned sector for more than three decades.使英国经济成为一个既有私有企业又有国由企业的 混合经济体系。 ②Making itself know as a party of high taxation levels. 给自己冠上了高税率的党的名号。
力量不足以组建政府，但却足以对其他两党谁执 政产生重大影响。
3.The Liberal Democrats
Politic views

① Often seen as a party of the “middle”, occupying the ideological ground between the two major parties. 意识形态居于两大政党之间，被看做中间党 ②They are comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social. 在平衡个人和社会利益上较为灵活。 ③They emphasize the need to change the Britain’s constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable. 强调英国宪法需要修订，以使政府更加民主和负责。

Unit 4 Politics_ Class and Race (英国的政治_阶级和种族)

Unit 4 Politics_ Class and Race (英国的政治_阶级和种族)

Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race (英国的政治,阶级和种族)一、本单元重点内容1. Importance of general elections (大选的重要性)2. Formation of the government (政府的形成)3. Vote of no confidence (不信任投票)4. Political parties: The Conservative party（保守党）,The Labour party (劳工党),Liberal Democrats (自由民主党)5. Recent political trends in the UK (英国最近的政治动向)6. Margaret Thatcher (玛格丽特·撒切尔)7. class system in the British society (英国社会中的等级制度)8. the hereditary aristocracy (世袭贵族)9. ethnic relations in Britain (英国的民族关系)二、本单元重、难点辅导1. the importance of general elections (held every 5 years)General elections are very important in the western democracy. According to the author, they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders.2. the formation of the government651 members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies in the UK. The party which holds a majority of those “seats” in parliament for ms the government, with its party leader as the Prime Minister. A government can be in power for 5 years.651名国会议员在大选中被选出来代表英国的651个选区。

大学英语专业课程英美概况上册Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race(2)

大学英语专业课程英美概况上册Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race(2)

The Labour Party
Created by the growing trade union movement at the end of 19th century. The newest party and one of the two biggest party
A socialist party (high taxes)
V. What happened in an election?
Everyone on the “electoral register” will:
Receive a voting card
Go to the local voting station
Give a voting card to the official and get another card with the candidate’s name on it
Take the card into a private booth And put an X beside the name of your choice
Put the card into the sealed box
Counting of the voting cards when the voting closes
Negative consequences
Unemployment increased. Many people got richer, and many got poorer. Britain became less equal society. Public services, such as health, education, and transportation, got worse.

英语国家社会和文化入门课文翻译

英语国家社会和文化入门课文翻译

第3单元 英国的政府英国可以说是世界上最古老的代议民主制国家主，其代议民主制度起源于1000多年以前。

其它一些国家也有如此悠久的政治历史，但这些历史往往经受突然的暴力性剧变。

尽管英国历史上也曾有过政治不稳定时期，但相对于法国、美国或中国而言，英国的建国历史是一个逐渐演变而不是革命性剧变的过程。

这样长久持续的历史在英国现今的政治体制和政治文化中仍然有所体现。

（政治文化是一个国家有关政权、政府制度及政策制定的理论和价值观等。

）君主政体最古老的政府制度是君主政体（由国王统治）。

这可以追溯到从公元5世纪开始统治英国直到1066年被诺曼人征服的撒克逊人。

埃格伯特国王于公元829年将英格兰统一在自己的统治之下，而现在的女王伊丽莎白二世是他的直系后代。

君王的权利主要来自古老的信条“君权神授”。

它认为君主的权威性是来自上帝的，而不是来自他的臣民们。

虽然有时不同的家庭之间有王位之争，都坚持说自己是王位的合法继承人，但由于有这种神圣的权利，很少有人质疑过君主制是否应该存在。

1000多年来，英国一直是由世袭国王和女王统治。

但有一次短暂的例外。

在17世纪，英格兰共和派“圆颅党人”（之所以称“圆颅党人”是因为这些人公然藐视流行时尚，而把头发剪得非常短）和保皇派之间有一次内战。

圆颅党人由奥列佛·克伦威尔，他想废除君主制，而保皇派卢继续维持它。

1642年，圆颅党人成功地罢黜了国王查理一世，统治了整整11年之后，王朝复辟了。

虽然在理论上，君主有上帝撑腰，但实际上，甚至是在中古时代，人们就认为君主不能无限先例权力，而是应该乐于接受杰出人物的建议。

一群封建地主和都会反对约翰国王（1199－1216）的一些政策。

这种反对势力如此强大以致于国王最终同意给予他们一个自由宪章和一些政治权利，这个自由宪章现在仍然用的是中古时代的拉丁文名称“Magna Carta”(“大宪章”)。

大宪章对于国王进行一些限制，使他不能滥用皇家的权利，这仍然被看作是英国市民有权反对王室的一次典型表现。

u4-u7英语国家概况 Unit 4

u4-u7英语国家概况 Unit 4

The UK Economy
3) Why are the years following the Second World War were problematic for the UK aviation industry? How to solve the problem? What is the first product produced collaboratively? 4) What is the most successful collaborative programme?
The UK Economy
1. Absolute Decline and Relative Decline 1) By which countries and when was the UK overtaken? 2) Why does the UK economy decline after 1945? 3) Why does the independence of India have great influence on the UK? 4) Do you think it is better that the British industry survived comparatively unaffected than that the industry of Germany and Japan were seriously damaged? 5) Why does the UK lack close relationship between industry and banks , as compared to the two most successful post-war economies, Japan and Germany, where banks and industrial firms have v

briunit4Politics,ClassandRace

briunit4Politics,ClassandRace
C. To win the election, each party has a local association, whose first task is to choose the candidate and help him or her to conduct his or her local campaign.
III. Elections
1. Features
A. A general election normally takes place every five years, which is largely dominated by the two major parties.
B. The whole of the UK is divided into 651 electoral districts, called constituencies.
H. Labour Party was formed by the trade unions, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900. After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to be one of the two major parties in Britain.
3. History of the two-party system
A. The division into two parties grew out of the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.

Unit 4British Politics

l Parties
Evolvement of Political Parties
Prior to the mid-19th century Whigs Tories newly emerging industrial classes landed gentry, Church of England and Church of Scotland
The Conservative Party
• It is supported by middle or up classes such as landowners, businessmen and nobles, representing the interests of the monopoly bourgeoisie and aristocracies, the people who have thing to “conserve”. • That is why they hate the great changes in society. • It supports free enterprise and is opposed to nationalization and to extending social services.
Who Can Stand for Election as an MP
A. Eligibility as a Candidate Anyone who is a citizen of the UK, the Republic of Ireland, or of a Commonwealth country, who is legally resident in the UK; anyone who is 21 or over on the date of the election; anyone who is not currently a member of the House of Lords;

英语国家概况英国Politics资料

3 May 1979 9 June 1983 11 June 1987
9 April 1992 1 May 1997 7 June 2001 5 May 2005
Edward Heath
Harold Wilson
Harold Wilson James Callaghan Margaret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher John Major
7. class system in the British society (英国社会中的等级制度) 8. the hereditary aristocracy (世袭贵族) 9. ethnic relations in Britain (英国的民族关系)
Part III Words & Expressions
At the end of the session you should know:
British elections and electoral system The political parties
1. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK? Five years 2. Who can stand for election as an MP? Anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an MP. 3. What are the three major parties? The Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrats 4. Which party is the party that spent most time in power? The Conservative Party 5. Which party does Tony Blair belong to? The Labour Party

英美国家概括 判断正误 英国部分

英美国家概括判断正误The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Unit 11.Britain is no longer an imperial(帝国) country. T2.The Commonwealth(共和国，民主国) of Nations includes all European countries. F3.1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity(种族地位，种族特点). F4.The stereotype(陈规，刻板模式) of the English gentleman never applied(使适用) the majority of the British people. T5.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries；England, Scotland, and Wales. T6.Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F7.When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T8.The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F9.Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T10.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F11.Scotland was unified with England through peaceful mean. T12.Wales is rich in coal deposits. T13.Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F ?? largest14.The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F威尔士在1284年被英格兰合并，在爱德华一世征服了威尔士（1277年—1284年）的过程中，他按照威尔士人的要求：“一位在威尔士出生、不会讲英语、生下来第一句话说威尔士语的亲王”作为他们的领袖，爱德华一世将其即将分娩的王后接到威尔士，王子出生后即被封为威尔士亲王，以表示对威尔斯的重视并强化威尔士人的认同感，从此以后，英皇室便将皇储封为威尔士王子，皇子妃封为威尔士王妃，成为皇室继承法统规则之一。

高中历史(人教版选修二)课件：第4单元 第1课英国君主立宪制的建立

第四单元——构建资产阶级代议制的政治框架第1课　英国君主立宪制的建立课标要求概述《权利法案》的主要内容，理解“限制王权、国会权力至上”是英国君主立宪制的基本原则。

栏目索引CONTENTS PAGE1基础知识导学 梳理·识记·点拨 2重点难点探究 理解·深化·探究3随堂达标检测 巩固·应用·反馈1.背景(1)1688年，英国议会中的政治 联合发动了著名的“”。

(2) 继承英国王位并签署法案。

(3)目的：为限制和保障 一、英国《权利法案》的主要内容反对派光荣革命威廉、玛丽王权公民权利基础知识导学 梳理·识记·点拨2.内容(1)列举 破坏宪政的行为，重申了英国人“自古就有的权利”。

(2)议会必须定期召开， 詹姆士二世征税权下院自由选举演说辩论(4)凡未经 的同意，国王不得 或的实施。

(5)不得找任何借口随意，和平时期不得招募或维持等。

议会废止法律停止法律征税常备军3.意义法律君主专制(1)以条文的形式结束了英王议会军事权议会高于王权君主立宪政体名师点拨《权利法案》的内容涉及立法、司法、财政、军事等方面，是对议会传统权力的继承与创新，学习时应注意结合具体条文进行分析和理解。

二、英国君主立宪制的基本原则1.形成：一系列法案的颁布(1)《三年法案》： 至少三年召开一次，每届议会期限不得超过。

(2)《王位继承法》对作出严格的限制性安排，明确规定王位不得传给天主教徒，未来的国王必须是英国国教徒。

议会三年王位继承顺序2.内容(1)限制王权：通过 的办法来 和架空君主的权力，使国王受到 和的限制。

(2)议会权力至上：议会成为一个最高立法机构，由它掌握立法、财政、司法、军事等最重要的国家权力。

议会分权分割法律议会常设性3.主要特点：国王与议会并存，他们共同构成国家的政治体制法律议会(1)就国王而言，王权本身要受到和的限制。

(2)就议会而言，权力得到提升，而且成为占主导地位的国家权力4.历史意义(1)使英国资产阶级分享到国家权力政治稳定制度保障政治体制民主国家欧洲名师点拨《权利法案》颁布后，英国形成了议会与国王集体统治的局面，实现了统治方式从人治向法治的转变，有利于英国社会的长期稳定发展。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

4.1 Nick Clegg (1967-), British Deputy Prime Minister (2010-)


Nick Clegg led the Liberal Democrats in the 2010 general election, and won 23% of the vote. No political party had an overall majority, resulting in the nation's first hung parliament since 1974. Talks between David Cameron and Clegg led to an agreed Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition with Nick Clegg as the Deputy Prime Minister.
2.3 Gordon Brown (1951-), British Prime Minister (2007-2010)


Gordon Brown succeeded Tony Blair as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party in 2007. Brown enjoyed a high reputation for his sound economic management when he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer since 1997 in Tony Blair’s Cabinet. Under his management, Britain’s economy enjoyed solid economic growth, which was regarded by many as a key component of the Labour Party victory in the 1997 general election.
3.3 David Cameron (1966-), British Prime Minister (2010-)


David Cameron is the current Prime Minister of the UK, First Lord of Treasury, and the Leader of the Conservative Party. In the 2010 general election held on 6 May, the Conservatives gained a plurality of seats in a hung parliament and Cameron was appointed Prime Minister on 11 May 2010, at the head of a coalition between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats.
Unit 4
British Politics
1. The Road To Power

General Elections
Division of constituencies or seats (650: 2010) Electoral register of all citizens aged 18 or over Electoral campaigns Voting by secret ballot “First past the post” (simple majority) Formation of the next government by the wining party in Parliament
3.1 Margaret Thatcher (1925-), British Prime Minister (1979-90)


As the first woman to serve as British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher rose to office in 1979 with promises to restore Britain’s economic prosperity, and she worked toward this goal by selling and privatizing many government-owned industries. Thatcher’s tenure as prime minister included leading Britain to victory over Argentina in the military dispute over the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in 1982.
3.2 John Major (1943-), British Prime Minister (1990-97)


John Major served as Foreign Secretary (1989) and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1989-1990) before succeeding Thatcher as Prime Minister and party leader in November 1990. Major’s government faced a growing financial crisis compounded by high inflation and unemployment, and a nationwide recession. As a result, Major’s approval rating dropped to 14 percent, the lowest of any prime minister in British history.


By-elections
1.1 Electoral Campaigns -The Leaders’ Debate
1.2 A Coalition Government, 2010
2. The Labour Pated by the trade union movement in the 19th century, the Labour Party believes that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms. Nationalization by the Labour government under Clement Attlee (1945-51). A less “socialist” party under Tony Blair (19972007).
2.4 Ed Miliband (1969-), Leader of the Labour Party (2010-)


On 25 September 2010, after a contest in which his brother David Miliband also stood, he was elected as Leader of the Labour Party, and then became Leader of the Opposition. He served as the Secretary of Energy and Climate Change in the Cabinet from 2007 to 2010 under Gordon Brown.
2.1 Clement Attlee (1883-1967), British Prime Minister (1945-51)

Under Clement Attlee’s Labour government (1945-51), the Bank of England, all utilities, railroads, and mining industries were nationalized, and the British colonies of India, Pakistan, Burma (Myanmar), and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) were granted independence.
2.2 Tony Blair (1953-), British Prime Minister (1997-2007)


In 1994 British lawyer Tony Blair became the leader of the British Labour Party. Under his leadership, the party adopted the term “New Labour” and moved away from its traditional left wing position towards the center ground. In 1997 the Labour Party won a landslide victory in British national elections, and Blair became prime minister (1997-2007). Under his leadership, the party retained a majority of seats in the British Parliament following the 2001 and 2005 elections.
3. The Conservative Party


Basically the Conservative Party are seen as the party of the individual, protecting private ownership and free enterprise. But in the years after the Labour’s “Big” government, its economic policy was coupled with a “fatherly” sense of obligation to the less fortunate in society. Privatization by the Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher (1979-90). Problems with the Conservatives under John Major (1990-97).