Getting to Know Each Other on the Web Using Web Server Access Logs to Enhance Community
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陈情书范文(推荐十一篇)5陈情书范文(篇一)Dear dinesh,it has not been but a short time of getting to know one another and we are totally crazy about the other. i asked you if you believed in soul mates and you said that you believed that god does make a special someone from every man. whether that man finds that someone he was created for or not, i know i was created for you.here i am, heart and soul, confessing to the world how i feel about you. i would walk to the ends of the earth to meet you, and yet the funny thing i s, looks as if i will have to do that since we haven’t yet met. funny how love works in people’s lives. i sure never expected to neither meet nor find someone as amazing as you. you have touched my heart in so many ways and words couldn’t even begin to explain to you the love i feel for you. without further making it harder on the two of us to be together, i need to tell you that i love you and i am here waiting and when the time is right, will accept you as my husband and spend forever and eternity in your arms. dreaming of you always . i love you.love always,nikole陈情书范文(篇二)尊敬的老师们,亲爱的同学们:大家好!亲情是什么?亲情一直是维系人类感情的最为细腻,最为微妙,最为真诚和原始的命脉。
Module 1 Getting to know each other单元测试题(提升卷)一、单项选择1.She is going to visit ______ Great Wall.A. aB. theC. /2.Look! _________________ people are talking there.A. AB. AnC. Many3.Then let's home, Eve.A. goB. goesC. going4.The five-star red flag is _______.A. yellowB. red and yellowC. black and white5.The baby is so ________. His mum can't sleep all night.A. noiseB. noisesC. noisy6.—What's name?—name is Lily.A. you; MyB. your; MyC. yours; My7.选出不同类的单词()A. metB. droppedC. run8.选择下列单词中不同类的单词()A. relativeB. JanuaryC. May9.选出不同类的单词()A. pupilB. sisterC. brother10.—What's between the sofas?—There is English book.A. aB. anC. some11.选出不同类的单词()A. birdB. whiteC. black12.My birthday is March.A. inB. atC. one _______________ help us.A. andB. butC. or14.Look at the animals, they are black and white, they are .A. shirtB. duckC. cows15.— _______________ are they?— They're my grandparents.A. WhereB. HowC. Who二、单词拼写16.There is a l________ in the nature park.17.We go to Beijing by ________.18.—Is she tall?—No,she isn't. She's ________.19.The r________ is red. I like it.20.These g________are purple.三、选词填空21.选词完成句子,将字母代号填写在横线上。
Module 1 Getting to know each other单元测试题(B卷)一、单项选择1.选出画线部分读音与所给音素相同的选项:/əʊ/A. soB. hotC. dog2.选出画线部分发音不同的单词()A. useB. luckC. hundred3.reporterA. drawB. morningC. doctor4.nurseA. ChinaB. teacherC. girlD. Saturday5.选出画线部分单词发音与众不同的单词()A. rideB. singC. skip6.同桌借给你尺子,你表达感谢,你会说:A. Thank you.B. Give me a ruler, please.7.I am Danny. My eyes big. My mouth big too.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; is8.________________,where is the library?A. I'm sorryB. Excuse meC. Please9.The British invented the .A. planeB. paperC. train10.One day, the little girl her grandma in the forest.A. visitsB. visitedC. visit11.— I like yellow!— ______________A. Yes.B. Me too.C. I'm fine.12.The ducklings all ________ taller and bigger.A. growsB. growedC. grew13.Zhang Hua is ______English teacher.A. aB. /C. an14.How many students ______ there in your class?A. isB. are15.The apples are ______ the tree and the bird is ______ the tree.A. on; inB. in; onC. in; inD. on; on16.Sam was good at __________ and he doesn't well in .A. running; fishB. fishing; jumpingC. running; draw二、单词拼写17.The________ is in the zoo.18.My father c________ a lot of fish last night.19.You ________ (看起来) great!20.There are four clear s________ in Beijing.21.It's ________ ________ ________.三、选词填空22.看图,并根据图片提示选择正确的单词或词组将短文补充完整。
Module 1 Getting to know each other单元测试题(基础卷)一、单项选择1.—Look at the boy in the photo. How old was he?—________A. He is my brother.B. He is five.C. He was five.2.Cola and chocolate are ________ food.A. healthyB. unhealthyC. sour3.Jim stayed with his sister in Beijing ________ the winter holiday.A. atB. onC. during4.Justin was a frog. He ________ in the river.A. were bornB. was bornC. born5.Don't drink ________ coffee. It's not ________.A. too much; healthyB. much too; healthyC. to much; healthy6.—How did you ________ to Hangzhou?—I ________ there by train.A. go; goB. went; wentC. go; went7.How ________ your weekend?A. wereB. wasC. are8.Unhealthy children don't ________ very often.A. play sportB. eat sweet foodC. drink cola9.Lucy is a primary school student. She is ________.A. two months oldB. twenty years oldC. twelve years old10.We can eat ________ meat every day to keep healthy.A. manyB. a littleC. a lot of11.Sam took a lot of ________at our sports meeting.A. photoesB. photosC. photo12.—________was your holiday?— It was fun.A. WhenB. HowC. How about13.We're going to the museum tomorrow. Do you want to go________ us?A. withB. andC. to14.________ her holiday, she visited a lot of places in the UK.A. AtB. OfC. During15.—Did he have any chocolate?—________A. Yes, he did.B. Yes, he does.C. Yes, he had.16.I ________ some bread and milk this morning.A. ateB. hadC. drank二、单词拼写17.The baby is very c________. We all like h________.18.Justin was b________ in the river. He was small and c________.19.I had a s________ and some juice for l________.20.This is the G________ Wall. It's a f________ place in Beijing.21.We should eat a lot of________ every day.三、选词填空22.根据句意选择恰当的介词填空。
Getting to know each other摸底测( )1. ---How do you come to school?---I come to school by________.A. busB. bikeC. train ( )2. That ______ interesting.A. soundB. soundsC. sounding ( )3. Alice and I _____ to school together.A. walksB. walkC. walking ( )4. ---______is your birthday?---It is on 26th September.A. WhenB. WhatC. How ( )5. ---What time does the party begin?---It begins _____ two o’clock in the afternoon.A. atB. inC. on( )6. That ______ interesting.A. soundB. soundsC. sounding 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B情景导入How do you come to school?I come to school on foot.When is your birthday?It’s on 26th September.学习目标1. To review some words and phrases in this module.2. To review how to use these words and phrases.3. Attract students’ interest to English learning.重点难点1.New words, sounds, Grammar.知识精讲1. How do you come to school?(1) how辨析:what,how辨析:come to school, comes to school1. do you go to school?2. _________ do you like doing?3. Tim _________to be a fireman in the future.A. wantB. wantsC. want to 解析:1.How 2.what 3.wants2. It begins at two o’clock in the afternoon. (1)begins“开始.” (2)begin “开始’’1. I will ______ learn how to swim.A. beginB. beginsC. beginning 2. She _____ crying. A. begins B. begin C. begining 解析:1.A2.A3. Can you bring some orange things to the party? bring “带来” take “带走”【即学即练】A. bringB. bringsC. take2. We are going to _____ you to France.A. bringB. takeC. taking 解析:1.A 2.B4. She gets off at Spring Street.get off 下车1. Don’t forget to get_____ the car .A. onB. inC. of解析:1.B5. Then she takes bus No.12 to Spring Street.take “乘”---How do you come here?---I _____ bus No.3A. takeB. takesC. taking解析:A6. I come to school on foot.on foot 步行---How do you usually come to school?---I usually come to school ______.A. on footB. walkC.in foot解析:A7. That sounds interesting.sounds 听起来1. It ______ beautiful.A. soundB. soundsC. listen 解析:1.B8. I can’t wait .wait “等待’’--- Are you ______ for me?---No, I am not.A. waitingB. takesC. taking解析:A9. I live far from our school?far from “远离”far away from “远离”【即学即练】1. ---Her home is far _____ her school.A. fromB. ofC. about2. ---We need to be far _____ from dangerous things.A. aboutB. awayC. for 解析:1.A 2.B10. Orange is my favorite color.favorite 最喜欢的--- what is your ______ film?A. favoriteB. bestC. like解析:A1. 交通方式表达【即学即练】( )1. My father _____to work ______ underground.( )2. There is _____ underground station ______Green Street.A. a, onB. an, inC. an, on( )3. Ms Guo takes Bus No.12______ Spring Street.A. inB. toC. of( )4. After half an hour , Ms Guo _______ at Spring Street Bus Stop.A. gets upB. get onC. gets off( )5. Mr Li lives _______ his office . He goes to work _____foot.A. near,byB. far from, onC. near,on解析:1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C当堂练习一.英汉互译1. (表示方式)靠近2. 车站______3. 走,步行4. 在…之后_______5. 旅程,旅行6. 小时______7. 地铁8. 离… 远_____解析:1.by 2.bus station 3.walk 4.after 5.journey6.hour7.underground8.far from二.按照要求翻译句子1.你怎么去学校?.2.我走路去学校。
在大学和舍友处理关系的英文作文全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1Living with Roomies at UniversityHi! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you all about what it's like living with roommates at university. It's a super fun adventure but can also be kinda tricky sometimes. But don't worry, I'll give you some good tips so you can be an awesome roomie too!When I first got to uni, I was really nervous to meet my new roommates. I didn't know anybody and I was scared they might not like me. But my mom told me "Jamie, just be yourself and try to be a good friend. If you're kind and considerate, you'll make friends in no time!" So I tried to listen to her advice.On move-in day, I lugged all my stuff into the room and there were already two other girls there unpacking. Their names were Sophie and Ava. I said "Hi guys! I'm Jamie, it's nice to meet you both!" They seemed really nice and said hi back. Phew, so far so good!The first few weeks were a little awkward as we all got to know each other's habits and personalities. Sophie loved to study late at night with loud music on. Ava was a super early bird who woke up at 6am every day. And me? Well, I'm definitely a night owl but I like things quiet when I study. We had to figure out some roommate rules so we could all live together nicely.One biggie was setting some quiet hours, like after 11pm on weeknights and before 10am on weekends. That way Ava could sleep in, Sophie could jam out late, and I could study in peace. We also agreed that if someone had an early class, the others would be considerate and go to the lounge to get ready instead of being noisy in the room.Another important thing was keeping our room clean and tidy. Our篇2My Life with My College RoommatesHi! My name is Tommy and I'm going to tell you all about living with roommates in college. It's a big adventure!When I first got to college, I was so excited but also a little bit scared. I had to move into a tiny room and share it with a totalstranger! His name was Jake. I remember meeting him and his parents when they helped him move in all his stuff. Jake seemed really nice but also kind of shy at first.On the very first night, Jake and I stayed up late talking and getting to know each other. We found out we were both really into video games, so that helped us become friends quickly. But we also had some differences - Jake liked to go to bed pretty early, while I'm more of a night owl.At first, living together was tough. Jake would get annoyed when I had friends over late at night playing video games and making noise. And I didn't like how he always left his dirty dishes and smelly socks all over the room! We started arguing a lot about that kind of stuff.One day, our RA (that's our Resident Assistant who lives on our floor and helps with problems) named Chris pulled us aside. He could tell Jake and I were having some roommate issues. Chris told us that we needed to work on communicating better and compromising.Chris suggested we have a roommate meeting to make some ground rules we could both agree on. So we did that, and here are some of the rules we came up with:Quiet hours from 11pm to 7am on weeknights. That way Jake could get enough sleep.I could still have friends over, but not too many and not too late on school nights.We'd take turns cleaning the room each week, including washing our own dirty dishes and clothes.We'd share household items like the TV, microwave, and fridge.Most importantly, we'd talk to each other respectfully if we had any issues, instead of arguing or giving each other the silent treatment.Following those ground rules made living together a lot easier for both of us! Compromise is really important when you have a roommate.But even though Jake and I became closer friends, we still had some funny misunderstandings sometimes. Like there was this one time when Jake's grandmother sent him aSPRINGER giant homemade chicken pot pie in the mail. I absolutely love chicken pot pie, so when I got back to the room that night I dug right in without even asking Jake. I ate like half of the pie beforeJake walked in and was like "Dude, what are you doing??" Whoops! Next time I'll ask before eating someone else's food.Another time, I was feeling kinda stressed about a big test coming up. To help myself study, I like listening to loud upbeat music. But Jake said the music was too distracting for him. We finally found a solution where I could wear headphones while studying. Problem solved!After a while, Jake and I got so close that we decided to be roommates again for our sophomore year. But this time, our room was gonna be a triple - which means adding a third roommate named Alex!At first, having a third roommate was tough because our room felt cramped with all of Alex's stuff too. And Alex was sort of a slob, which drove neat freak Jake crazy. But we all had a roommate meeting and made sure to go over ground rules like cleaning up after ourselves and giving each other privacy when needed.What was really cool was that the three of us became this awesome roommate trio. We'd do everything together - eat meals at the dining hall, pull all-nighters studying for exams, or go watch movies over at the student center. Having tworoommates meant there was always someone around to hang out with.My favorite memories were our crazy late-night puppy piles where we'd build a huge fort out of sheets, blankets, and pillows in our room and then stuff our faces with junk food while watching dumb movies. We'd laugh so hard and pig out until we all passed out at like 4am. I'll never forget those nights!Even though living with roommates can be challenging sometimes, I'm so glad I got that experience in college. Jake, Alex, and I became friends for life because we successfully navigated all those little annoyances and disagreements. We still keep in touch years later!If you end up having roommates someday, my advice is: be considerate of their needs, learn to compromise, communicate respectfully, and most importantly - cherish the crazy fun times together! Those are the best memories you'll make.That's my story about being college roommates. It's a special experience that teaches you a lot about independence, dealing with conflict, and how to nurture lifelong friendships. Roommates for life!篇3Living With Roommates at University: A Big Kid's GuideHey there! Are you a big kid who is going to university soon? Well, I was just like you not too long ago. I was a little nervous about living with roommates for the first time. But don't worry, I've got some tips to help you get along great with your roomies!First thing is, you've got to introduce yourself properly on the very first day you meet them. Don't be shy! Walk right up, stick out your hand, and say "Hi! I'm [Your Name]! It's so nice to meet you!" Then ask them questions about themselves, like where they are from and what they like to do for fun. The more you can learn about them, the better you can be a good roommate.Speaking of being a good roommate, there are some really important rules you need to follow. Number one is ALWAYS keep your shared spaces clean and tidy. Your bedroom might be a mess, but the kitchen, living room, and bathroom should never be disgustingly dirty or smelly. You have to clean up after yourself every single time, no excuses! Leaving gross messes for your roomies is a huge no-no.Another big rule is to be quiet and respectful when your roommates are sleeping or studying. Nobody likes a noisy, loud roommate who keeps them up all night or distracts them fromtheir homework. If you need to listen to music or watch TV, use headphones so you don't bother anyone else. Easy peasy!It's also really important to give each other privacy when you need it. If your roommate's girlfriend or boyfriend comes over, that means you should make yourself scarce for a little while, if you know what I mean! And of course, you'd want that same privacy when your special someone visits too. Just be considerate.Now, I know that sometimes disagreements are going to happen, even between the best of friends. Maybe your roommate ate your last popsicle without asking. Or maybe they left their smelly socks all over the living room. Getting mad and yelling solves nothing though! The best thing is to talk about it calmly when you've both had a chance to cool off a bit. Explain how their actions made you feel without blaming them too much. Then you can figure out a solution together, like replacing the popsicle or having a chore chart.One of the best parts about having roommates is you can become really good friends if you make an effort. You can do fun stuff together like have movie nights, go to campus events, or even travel over breaks if you're from the same area. You alwayshave someone to hang out with! Just don't forget to make other friends too. It's unhealthy to only pal around with your roomies.There's one last very important rule about篇4Making New Friends at CollegeHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you all about my first year of college. It was really exciting but also a little bit scary at times.When I first arrived on campus, I had to move into the dorms.I was feeling pretty nervous because I didn't know anyone there. My parents helped me carry all my stuff into the room. I had a roommate named Alex who was going to share the small room with me.Alex seemed really nice when we first met. He helped me set up my area and put my bedding on. But after my parents left, things started to feel a little awkward between us. We didn't really know what to talk about!Over the next few days, we very slowly started getting to know each other better. I learned that Alex was from a small town a few hours away. He liked playing video games andwatching superhero movies. I thought those things were pretty cool too, so that helped us have more to chat about.Even though we got along ok, sharing a tiny room with someone was harder than I expected. We had to figure out a schedule for when each of us could have some private time in the room. We also had to agree on how neat and tidy we wanted to keep our space.At first, Alex wasn't the most organized person. He would leave his stuff lying around everywhere! I'm a bit neater, so that bugged me. We had to have an honest talk about cleaning up after ourselves. Luckily, Alex didn't mind too much, and we were able to compromise.As the semester went on, we became better friends. We'd grab meals together in the dining hall most days. We'd hang out playing video games or watching movies when we had free time. It was really nice having a buddy on campus to pal around with.Of course, we still bugged each other sometimes too. Like when Alex would invite people over to play games until late at night and make a lot of noise. Or when I wanted the room to be quiet so I could study. We had to keep working on communicating about stuff like that.Eventually, we got better at being considerate roomies篇5Living With My Roomies at UniversityHiya! My name is Charlie and I'm 8 years old. I may be just a kid, but I've got some pretty wise advice to share about getting along with your roommates when you go to university. You see, last year I got to stay in the dorms for a whole week when I visited my older cousin Frankie at college. It was a total blast!The first day, I was a little nervous about sharing a room with Frankie and her two roomies, Jezebel and Tiffany. What if they were meanies who didn't let me have any fun? But they turned out to be really nice girls who helped show me the ropes of dorm life.One key thing I learned is that living together takes compromise. Like on day two, Jezebel was trying to study for an exam, but Tiffany and I were being too loud playing video games. Jezebel didn't freak out though - she just popped in some headphones to block out the noise. And later, when it was bedtime, Tiffany and I took our gaming to the common room so Jezebel could get her beauty sleep. Give and take, that's what it's about!Communication is also super important with roomies. You've got to be upfront about your needs and expect the same from them. Like on day three, I realized pretty quickly that Tiffany is a total neat freak. She almost had a conniption when I left my toys and candy wrappers all over the floor! But instead of getting mad, I just said "Oops, my bad!" and asked her to explain what areas I needed to keep tidy. Once we were on the same page, everything was groovy.Speaking of communicating, you've also got to be careful with the tone you use with roommates. Day four, I got pretty snapped at Frankie for nabbing the last of my chocolate pudding without asking. In my defense, that pudding basket was MY present from grandma! But Frankie felt bad and smoothed things over by taking me to the grocery store to get more treats. If you approach roomies with a smile instead of an attitude, they'll be more likely to respond in kind.Sometimes resolving roommate conflicts takes creativity too. On day five, Frankie, Jezebel and Tiffany all wanted to watch different shows on the TV at the same time. They solved it by taking turns picking shows, and during someone else's show the others could put on headphones or go chill in another room. Teamwork!Every once in a while, you might need to set some boundaries with your roommates as well. Day six, Tiffany had this real gross habit of leaving her sweaty gym socks and sports bras just LYING around everywhere. I put my foot down (not literally on the smelly clothes, thankfully) and made her contain that funkiness in a sealed hamper. No one wants a dorm room smelling like a mere's sock after a hiking trip, am I right?At the end of the day though, what matters most is making wonderful memories together. That night we had a total rager of a dance party in the common room! We cranked up the tunes, busted out some radical moves, and I even got to take the mic and sing a few power ballads. I could barely walk the next day from being so tuckered out, but it was 100% worth it to create such a big old bundle of laughs with my new roomie pals.Aww, just thinking about that dance-a-thon makes me really miss Frankie, Jez and Tiff. I sure hope I get to make just as awesome roomie memories when I'm old enough for university myself. If I follow the tips I've shared here - being considerate, communicating, using a pleasant tone, getting creative with compromises, setting reasonable boundaries, and cutting loose to have fun together - I know I'll be able to turn any group of roommates into the closest of friends. Juggling all thosepersonalities in a tiny dorm room won't be easy, but keeping an open mind and an open heart will make the whole experience way more groovy!篇6Making Friends with Your Roomies in Big Kid SchoolHi! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you all about having roommates when you go to college. College is like big kid school after you finish regular school. You have to live there instead of just going home after classes each day. Isn't that crazy?When I'm older and go to college, I'll have to live in a tiny room with one or even two other people I don't know! Those people will be my roommates. We'll have to share the same room and be around each other all the time. That seems like it could be really hard. What if they are weird or smelly or messy? Yuck!But I think if you follow some good tips, you can become best friends with your roomies. That's what I'll call them - my roomies! First, you have to be really nice and friendly right when you meet them. Don't be shy. Walk right up, stick out your hand,and say "Hi! I'm Jamie. It's so nice to meet you!" Then you can ask them questions to get to know them better.You could say "What's your favorite thing to do for fun?" or "What's the coolest place you've ever gone on vacation?" The most important thing is to smile a lot and be a good listener when they talk. Everyone likes someone who listens well and doesn't interrupt. Oh, and you have to look them in the eyes when you talk, not down at the ground or off to the side.Speaking of vacation, another good way to become besties with your roomies is to ask them all about their family and home. You can say "Tell me about where you're from! Do you have any brothers or sisters? What do your parents do for work?" Families are always a fun topic that helps you get to know people well.But be careful not to brag about your vacations or family or things like that. You don't want your roomies to think you're a show-off! Just let them share first. Then you can tell them about your life too if they ask. The number one rule is being a good friend who doesn't boast or talk only about yourself.Sharing is also really important with roommates. You'll have to share the room, the bathroom, maybe even food and toys! Make sure to take turns nicely and never hog things that don't belong just to you. You could even go shopping together to pickout some fun decorations or snacks for your room so you both have a say.Speaking of snacks, you'll probably want to set some room rules about food and other things right away before bad habits start. Like no eating rockin' ranch dressing chicken wings on your roommate's bed! Or if one roommate likes to blast polka music at night while another needs total quiet to sleep. Better to work that stuff out early so you don't get on each other's nerves.Another good rule would be that you all have to clean the room once a week, take turns vacuuming and making the beds and stuff. Because I know I'd get pretty grumpy if my roommates were horrible slobs and never did any chores! Fair is fair, so we all have to pitch in.But even if you have occasional squabbles with your roommates, try to shake it off quickly. Maybe one of you had a bad day and took it out on the others. Or maybe there was just a silly misunderstanding. Don't hold grudges! Just say sorry, give a hug, and be friends again.You could even make up a cute roommate handshake to reaffirm you're all good again after a fight. Like you clap, clap, snap and jump and yell "Roomie love!" Every time you do it, youhave to let go of any anger or hard feelings left over. It's a roommate rule - no breaking the roomie love shake!Another nice idea is to set aside one roommate night a week where you all rent a goofy movie, make pallets on the floor, and pig out on junk food and candy. Or you could go to the craft store and buy some supplies, put on chill music, and all make dreamcatchers or friendship bracelets together while you chat. Making time for fun bonding activities will definitely bring you closer!The most important tip I can give you about roommates is to just be yourself and not try too hard to impress them. Don't change who you are or do things you don't really enjoy just because you want them to like you. True friends like you for you, flaws and all! As long as you're being a kind, considerate person who tries hard in school and doesn't cause too much trouble, that's all that really matters.Well, those are my tips for making awesome roommate relationships when you're in college! I'm sure it won't always be easy living with people you didn't get to pick. But if you work at it, you can definitely turn those random roomies into some of your closest friends. You'll make so many fun memories together that'll last forever!Who knows, you may even eventually want to get a place off campus and live together for all four years of college! Or maybe you'll be roommates again after you're grown-ups who get jobs and everything. As long as you follow the roommate code - be kind, keep it tidy, and make time for roomie love!。
《Getting to Know Each Other》教学设计一、教学目标1、知识与技能目标学生能够掌握与“认识彼此”相关的词汇和表达方式,如“name”“age”“hobbies”等。
学生能够运用所学词汇和句型进行简单的自我介绍和询问他人信息。
2、过程与方法目标通过小组活动和角色扮演,培养学生的合作学习能力和语言运用能力。
引导学生通过观察、模仿和实践,提高语言学习的自主性。
3、情感态度与价值观目标激发学生对英语学习的兴趣,增强学习自信心。
培养学生乐于与人交流、善于结交朋友的良好品质。
二、教学重难点1、教学重点掌握重点词汇和句型,如:“What's your name?” “How old are you?” “I'm I'm years old My hobbies are”能够准确、流利地进行自我介绍和与他人交流。
2、教学难点灵活运用所学知识,根据不同情境进行恰当的交流。
克服语言表达中的紧张和错误,自信地与他人沟通。
三、教学方法1、情景教学法通过创设真实的交流场景,让学生在情境中感受和运用语言。
2、任务驱动法布置具体的任务,如小组介绍、互相采访等,促使学生积极参与学习。
3、游戏教学法设计有趣的游戏,增加学习的趣味性,提高学生的学习积极性。
四、教学过程1、导入(5 分钟)播放一段轻松愉快的音乐,营造轻松的课堂氛围。
教师通过简单的自我介绍,如“Hello, everyone I'm your teacher My name is Teacher's Name I'm Teacher's Age years old I like reading and traveling Nice to meet you!”引出本节课的主题“Getting to Know Each Other”。
2、词汇学习(10 分钟)利用多媒体展示与个人信息相关的图片,如名字、年龄、爱好等,教授新单词“name”“age”“hobbies”等。
6. benefit n.& v.(1)n. [U,C] 好处,优势for the benefit of sb = for sb’s benefit 为了某人的利益be of benefit to 对……有益(2)vi. 得益于vt. 使受益,对某人有用benefit from sth. 得益于某事benefit sb. 使某人受益,对某人有用归纳拓展: beneficial adj.有益的be beneficial to 对……有益的7. distance(1)n. [C,U] 距离;[U] 遥远in the distance 在远处at/from a distance 离一段距离;从远处at/from a distance of… 从…远的地方〔of后跟具体的距离〕(2)n. [U,C] 冷淡,疏远keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远,与某人保持肯定距离归纳拓展: distant adj.遥远的;远亲的;冷淡的be distant from…. 离…远;与…不同distantly adv.远地;冷淡地;distance n.距离;远方;遥远;疏远8. inspire v.鼓舞,鼓舞,鼓舞inspire sb to do sth鼓舞某人做某事inspire sb with sth= inspire sth in sb 使某人产生某种情感归纳拓展:(1)inspiration n.[U]灵感;[C] 鼓舞人心的人或事物inspiration for sth/to do sth 对于某物/做某事的灵感an inspiration to/for sb鼓舞某人的人或事物(2)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的(3)inspired adj. 品质优秀的;借助于灵感创作的9. access n.&v.(1)n. [U] 〔使用或见到的〕时机,权利have/get/gain access to …拥有…的时机;可以进入…give (sb) access to… 准许〔某人〕使用/见到….(2)n. [U] 通道,通路,入径access to+n. 通往….的路(3)vt. 访问,存取〔计算机文件〕;到达,进入归纳拓展:accessible adj. 可接近的,可使用的;简单理解的be accessible to sb …..能为某人接近/使用inaccessible adj. 难以到达的;不行得到的10.go through (1)经受;患病(2)认真查看;检查〔3〕〔尤指反复〕具体讨论〔4〕翻阅〔5〕用完;耗尽〔6〕穿过〔7〕〔法律合同〕通过11.confirm confirmation n.证明;确认书confirmed adj.(仅用于名词前)坚决的;根深蒂固的(1)vt. 证明,证明,确认confirm that/wh 从句…证明…… It is/has been confirmed that …据/已证明……;已确认……(2)vt.使感觉更剧烈,使确信confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事confirm one's belief/determination 坚决某人的信念/决心(3) vt.批准(职位、协议等) confirm sb as …任命某人担当……12.press(1) vi.&vt.按,压;挤,推.将……塞进,把……按入press (...) against …挤/推(……)在……上press sth into/onto …把某物塞进/按入……(2)vt. 督促,逼迫;坚持(主语一般为人)press sb into (doing) sth= press sb to do sth 督促/逼迫某人做某事press sb for sth 督促某人某事press sth on sb 牵强某人接受;督促某人吃(或喝) press for …不断要求……(3)n.新闻工作者;报刊;出版社a press conference 新闻发布会;记者款待会归纳拓展:(1) pressing adj.紧急的,急迫的(2)pressure n.压力;督促;心理压力vt. 逼迫,使迫不得已(3)under pressure 受压力;被迫;承受着压力sb be pressured into (doing) sth 某人被迫做某事13.in shape in good/bad shape 精神或身体状态很好/不佳keep in shape 保持健康/体形归纳拓展:out of shape变形的,走样的;身体不好take shape 成形,有了模样in the shape of ..…呈……的外形;以……的形式14.account[əˈkaʊnt]n. 账户;v. 描述,表达;解释,说明(1)n. open/close an account 开户;销户give an account of .…描述……on account of 由于,由于on no account决不,肯定不(位于句首时,句子要用局部倒装结构) take … into account/take account of ..… 考虑到;顾及(2)v. account for 是……的说明(或缘由);解释,说明;(数量上、比例上)占be accounted +n./adj. 被认为是……15. give out(1)公布;宣布;播放(2)用完;耗尽(3)分发;散发(4)发出,放出(热、光等)归纳拓展:give away 赠送;分发;失去;泄露give back 归还,送回;使恢复give way to … 向……屈服/让步;让……先行give in (to…)(向……)屈服/让步give off 发出,放出(气味、热、光等) give up 放弃;停止16. target [ˈtɑːrɡɪt](1)n.[C](攻击的)对象;目标;靶子a/the target for ………的攻击对象/目标 a target group/user 目标群体/用户be targeted at.… 面对/针对……(2)vt. 以.把……作为攻击目标;把……作为批判的对象;面对,把……对准(某群体)set/meet/achieve a target 制订/完成/到达目标17. particular [pərˈtɪkjələr] adj.特定的;特殊的;讲究的n.(常用复数形式)细节;详情be particular about/over..… 对……讲究/挑剔particularly adv.特殊地;特殊地;尤其(常在句中作状语) = in particular18. embarrassing [ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ]adj.让人尴尬(犯难、大方)的(1)embarrass vt.使犯难,使窘迫;使困惑,使犯难(2)embarrassed adj.犯难的,窘迫的,大方的It embarrasses/embarrassed sb to do…做……使某人犯难。
Getting to Know Each Other on the Web: Using Web Server Access Logs to Enhance CommunityChristopher LuegDepartment of Information TechnologyUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse190,CH-8057Zurich,Switzerlandlueg@ifi.unizh.chAbstractWeb server access logs analyses are frequently used for re-structuring Web sites,such as simplifying most-wanted access paths or pruning unwanted parts.In addition,in-formation found in access logs can be used to learn how a Web site is used in context.In this paper,we present findings of an informal investigation of Web server access logs and we discuss how these insights can used to en-hance Web sites from a community-oriented perspective.1.IntroductionWeb server access logs are frequently used for traffic analyses to estimate the usage of a Web site.The informa-tion gained is required for various activities ranging from accounting to load distribution.The raw format of access logs is difficult to understand as single entries contain a lot of information.Consider,for example,the following entry generated by an Apache1.3Web server:--[01/Jul/2000:08:24:10+0200]"GET/staff/lueg/abstracts/chi98late.htmlHTTP/1.0"2001822"-""Slurp.so/1.0[...]"Among other things,this particular access log en-try reveals time and date of an access to the page /staff/lueg/abstracts/chi98late.html.The page was accessed by a Web robot sitting on the In-ternet host ,identifying itself as Slurp.so/1.0.Tools have been developed that support comprehen-sive access log analyses.Standard functionalities include, among others,the number of hits on a web site,the browsers and operating systems used,the most frequently requestedfiles,images,pages,and directories,and last but not least hits to pages that do not exist.Visualizations of access paths re-constructed from ac-cess log entries(e.g.,[7,3])may be used for re-structuring Web sites.For example,usage visualization may reveal that customers frequently access a specific document and that the access path to this document is rather long in most cases.This observation can then be used to re-structure the site’s layout so that the document may be accessed much faster.Another example for activities resulting from access log analyses is the pruning of certain parts of a Web site if the analyses revealed that users rarely access these parts.Despite all the information that is contained in access logs,a lot of interesting information cannot be extracted from access logs[4].For example,access logs do not include individuals’identities but IP numbers of the com-puters used while browsing,the number of“true”users as access log entries may be caused by both users and so-called spiders,and the site users went next.Especially the latter information would be valuable but is only contained in the access logs of the subsequent site visited.Furthermore,access logs provide little information on the rationale behind approaching a Web site.The only information that can be used to explore this direction is information voluntarily provided by clients as referral in-formation.Consider,for example,the following access log entry:--[01/Jul/2000:03:23:34+0200]"GET/staff/lueg/abstracts/rs99.html HTTP/1.1" 2001565"/bin/query? p=collaborative+filtering&hc=0&hs=6"[...] The entry reveals that the client was referred to the Web page/staff/lueg/abstracts/rs99.html by a search engine sitting on the host based on a query incorporating the keywords collaborative and filtering.Unfortunately,empirical evidence sug-gests that only a few clients provide this kind of informa-tion.Despite referral information provided,access logs re-veal little about usage of Web sites in context,i.e.,the in-terests of visitors and how these interests could be used to improve a Web site from a community-oriented perspec-tive.In the context of this paper,we refer to“community”as a grouping of people interacting with each other.This means that we do not require these people to share beliefs or a feeling of belonging to the same community.Thisrather informal usage of the term community is common in the business literature(e.g.,[2,11])and thus different from sociological research in communities(e.g.,[10]).Taking a community-oriented stance means that we try to support the Web as a bi-directional medium instead of viewing the Web as a uni-directional medium used to dis-seminate information from Web sites to users.The stance suggests that maintainers of Web sites take users’visits to Web sites as a starting point to explore the nature of their users.Insights gained may be used to learn about users and why they are using particular Web sites.Ultimately, insights may be used to enhance the Web sites according to users’interests.Despite professional access log analy-sis tools,such as the commercial product NetTracker[6] providing comprehensive overviews of referral informa-tion found in access logs,the most difficult work—from a community perspective—is to relate the content and the purpose of a Web to those approaching the site.In the following,we describefindings of an informal analysis of access logs of several private Web sites.Based on thesefindings,we discussfirst steps toward enhancing Web sites from a community-oriented perspective.rmal Survey and AnalysisWe conducted an informal survey of what researchers working at a computer science department know about how their personal Web sites are being approached and how they make use of this information.We talked to six persons with different scientific backgrounds ranging from computer science and mathematics to electrical en-gineering and biology.In order to support the inquiry,reports providing com-prehensive overviews of the accesses to personal Web sites were generated and shown to participants.Report generation was done by a customized tool,GTKEO(“get-ting to know each other”),written in Perl5,the practical extraction and report language[9].Apart from being used for the inquiry,GTKEO is run automatically once a day to scan the department’s Web server access logs.The re-sulting reports are published as Web pages that users can look at by pointing their Web browsers to the URL[1]of their personalized reports,i.e.,single reports cover only accesses to one particular Web site.Developing GTKEO from scratch rather than adapting an existing one gives the benefit of being able to cus-tomize the results.Among GTKEO’s most useful features are the exclusion of access log entries caused by specific hosts,such as hosts used by participants of the study them-selves,and,in particular,control of the access log entries that are considered as“accesses”.As one of the goals of the investigation was tofind out what causes others to ac-cess a user’s Web site,we incorporated some measures to exclude incomplete and apparently“accidental”accesses, such as accesses that retrieve just parts of a Web page.Being able to control what is considered accesses,we were able to sort out different kinds of accesses,such as accesses likely to be initiated by users and accesses caused by Web robots feeding search engines.These ac-cesses look similar and domain knowledge of frequency and hosts used helps distinguish humans and robots.In addition,we could distinguish between between page-based accesses and search-engine-based accesses.3.FindingsFirst of all,analyses of Web server access logs col-lected over a period of several months revealed a lot of interesting information people are usually unaware of.It was striking how many users hit pages due to search en-gine suggestions although the users were apparently look-ing for distinct content.For example,one of the Web sites investigated contained a link to a little Java application that allows to make fun with a picture of the site’s owner. The title of the link“torture your assistant”attracted quite a few hits.The referral information provided show that these hits were mediated by search engines;keywords used to query the search engine indicate that users were looking for information that is not available on the Web site they hit.Similar off-topic hits could be observed in a variety of contexts.Also,the very occurrence of certain search engines in the access logs provides benefit.Frequent accesses suggest that these search engines are good choice when searching for information as these search engines fre-quently scan the Web.However,it is also interesting which search engines are not listed in the access logs.In order to foster dissemination of information provided on a Web site,it might be a good idea to submit the Web site’s URLs specifically to those search engines that are not yet scanning the site.Our inquiry revealed significant differences in what users knew about accesses to their own Web pages.In par-ticular,we found that users were informed either not at all or quite well.The formerfinding was rather unexpected as the Web is widely considered important for accessing and distributing information and dissemination of results is vi-tal for scientists.Moreover,some researchers even main-tained their Web pages in order to provide information to others but they never verified that the dissemination of the information works.In summary,these researchers were typically unaware of the potential usefulness of the infor-mation contained in Web server access logs.Once having the knowledge,however,they quickly became interested in the accesses to their Web pages and in corresponding access reports.The researchers who actually knew about the usage of their Web sites typically had detailed technical knowledge that they applied when investigating Web server access logs.They did not use dedicated tools to investigate Web server access logs but used rather primitive Unix system commands,such as grep and more,and shell scripts to extract the information they were interested in.Although useful,these techniques hardly provide overviews as com-prehensive as reports generated by professional tools or even GTKEO.Another interestingfinding is that almost all of these researchers used the referral information found in access logs to trace back where visitors came from and tofind out about them.In some cases,tracing back referral informa-tion revealed rather funny things but in other cases quite interesting information was found.Interesting informa-tion retrieved ranges from publicly available information about peer applicants for a faculty position in the U.S., the listing of the own research in a collection of research descriptions,or the listing of own research papers on a Web site called ResearchIndex which is the NECI Scien-tific Literature Digital Library[8].Finally,a few researchers used Web server access logs not only to verify that Web site based information dissem-ination works,i.e.,from the maintainer of the Web site to others,but they used the access logs to verify that other kinds of communication work as well.For example,right after applying for faculty positions all over the world,ac-cess logs showed that people from universities that turned out to be interested in the application scanned the appli-cant’s Web site.Similar sightings occurred when query-ing researchers located at certain organizations for contri-butions for a book.Shortly after dissemination the call for papers,access logs listed accesses originating from the or-ganizations addressed.It should be mentioned,however, that these interpretations should be treated with a bit of care as access logs do not log identities but Internet hosts which can be related to organizations.Relating does not work in the case of hosts belonging to generic Internet ser-vice providers(ISP).4.Implications of FindingsFirst of all,our results suggest that owners of Web sites should carefully select terms they include in their Web pages.Just as certain keywords can be used to attract (and to fool)search engines,careful selection of keywords can help avoid off-topic hits causing unnecessary network traffic and even wrong associations.This strategy is useful as long as dumb search engines dominate the search busi-ness.Services such as Yahoo![12]that carefully selecting the pages they refer to cause significantly less off-topic traffic.Information contained in Web server access logs can be used in several directions that have received relatively little attention so far although access logs are heavily used for analyses proposes.For example,it has recently been suggested to use referral information for personalization purposes[5].Personalization means that different users of a Web site see different information as the presenta-tion of the information is adapted to the supposed inter-ests of individual users.Kushmerick et e keywords provided as referral information to present information on a Web site that has been customized tofit these particular keywords.In addition,we identified the following issues that are not yet sufficiently addressed:ing access logs tofind out about visitors.Where do visitors come from?Does the informa-tion found on referral Web sites relate to the Web site maintained?Does the information found relate to the maintainer of the site?How could the knowl-edge about the relation be used to make the Web site more attractive?ing access logs to verify the success of other com-munication channels.Is previous communication reflected in the access logs of the Web site maintained?Was information retrieved that was made available on a Web site?In order to further explore these two research direc-tions,we are pursuing the following two projects.First, we are working on augmenting GTKEO to automatically retrieve context information from referral Web sites.So far,the user of a GTKEO report has to click referral links to investigate the corresponding Web sites.The next gen-eration GTKEO will provide the context in which the ref-erence to the Web site maintained is listed on the referral site.Then,we are looking for ways to support users in relat-ing the content on referral Web sites to the content of the Web site maintained.The idea is—in particular consider-ation of research sites—that adding or modifying content may be used to increase community if usersfind more in-formation they are interested in.Also,it might be a good idea to remove or to re-locate information if the informa-tion is likely to offend visitors from sites that frequently appear in the access logs.Finally,we are investigating ways to correlate Web server access log entries to email and scheduling activi-ties.For example,we expect certain benefit from watch-ing the Web server access log if the user has sent mail to a particular person.This research direction is based on our observation that certain communication events are re-flected in the Web server access logs.5.ConclusionsIn this paper,we presentedfindings from informal inquiries and from analyses of Web server access logs. 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