2018-2019学年高中英语(人教版)选修七Unit 3 Under the sea Learning about language课时作业(8)

Unit 3 Under the sea Learning about language课时作业第一节阅读理解Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol is an absolute classic. And even if you don’t want to write exactly like Dickens, there’s something—a technique, an idea, a theme, etc.—that every writer can pull from Dickens’ writing.“Make them laugh, make them cry and make them wait.” was Dickens’ motto and his method. Unfortunately, the use of humor escapes many writers today, especially those who seek to write serious fiction. Dickens was a master of high humor, satire, puns, wordplay, and a curious method of characterizing that made fun of his own creations even as he fleshed them out with life.You can use the same techniques employed to such good effects by Dickens to add humor to your work. Try to exaggerate your characters a bit. Underline passages that strike you as particularly funny. Then use a similar tone or approach when describing one of your own characters, especially people you wish to make fun of. This type of humor will not, it is important to stress,detract from the high tone or seriousness of your subject. Instead, it will add a much appreciated human element to otherwise serious writing.The second element of Dickens’ fam ous motto focuses on his use of strong emotions. As Aristotle pointed out in his Poetics, emotional appeals are one of the chief devices of the lecturer and, by extension, of the novelist. Novels weren’t invented back in Aristotle’s time, but drama was, an d he pointed to examples from the ancient Greek dramatists where arousing the audience’s pity and fear was planned in advance by the dramatist. In a similar way, a novelist can learn from Dickens how to make readers feel strong emotions.We may find it harder to cry, but Dickens was a master of situations that brought on the sympathy needed to cause readers’ emotion. The very memorable death of Nell in The Old Curiosity Shop (1841)had greatly moved American readers. In composing that scene, he went back in his mind to the great pain he had suffered when he watched helplessly as seventeen-year-old Mary Hogarth, his sister-in-law, died in hisarms some years earlier. The message is clear:to create emotion you must feel emotion.In a wonderful little book,Charles Dickens as Serial Novelist (1967), Archibald C. Coolidge Jr. says the serial (连载小说) form of publication put certain pressure on Dickens that forced him to solve typical novelists’ problems (such as how to maintain readers’ interest) in strikingly bold w ays. One of his most important techniques and one which is often overlooked by writers who prefer literary fiction is the use of an element of mystery and suspense. Dickens called it his mystery story technique. An example of the mystery that runs through BleakHouse(1853) is the identity of Esther’s mother. By the time the truth is revealed, the reader is worked up to great interest.To provide a mystery in your mainstream novel, you might choose some aspect of the story that can be concealed from the reader. Then do not reveal too much...only tell as much as is needed. You can use the same Dickensian mystery story technique in your own work. You can even lead readers in the wrong direction, provided one of the characters reasonably believes the wrong thing, as Pip does when he suspects that his benefactor (捐助者)is Miss Havisham. Sometimes, the less you tell, the more readers love it. So, by all means, make them wait.1.The underlined phrase “detract from” in Paragraph 3 means“”.A.make fun ofy emphasis onC.reduce the level ofD.adopt the technique of2.Aristotle’s idea is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to .A.explain the similarities between novels and dramasB.show ancient Greek dramatists’ ability to use strong emotionsC.display Charles Dic kens’ talent for using strong emotions in his worksD.emphasize the necessity of using strong emotions in writing novels3.What is the purpose of using Dickensian mystery story technique?A.To mislead the target readers.B.To portray the main characters.C.To maintain readers’ interest.D.To reveal important information.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Write Just like Charles DickensB.Analyze Charles Dickens’ PersonalitiesC.Highlights of Charles Dickens’ WorksD.Introduction to Charles Dickens’ Writing Techniques第二节任务型阅读The benefits of being an independent business are truly great. Beyond the rewarding nature of owning something truly unique, small businesses have the edge over their big business counterparts in many areas. Consider the importance of being independent and how that independence can help run your business.To some, having fewer customers simply means less cash flow;however, having a smaller base also allows you to focus more on customer satisfaction.Companies are always searching for ways to improve customer service and have more of their business. Whether through paying special attention to who comes through your door or monitoring your customers through the social network, it’s less of a hassle(麻烦) to make sure your custo mers’ needs are being met when there’s a smaller sample to deal with. In addition, it becomes much easier to create a personal connection with buyers when you have enough time and attention to show them some love.Small businesses have an inherent advantage over their big box competitors in the sense that they can offer something different. People want to see the independent businesses that offer unique products and flavor to their communities. Your business can be the difference when it comes to what customers want.Of course, big box companies will almost always beat you down when it comes to price. Consider, however, that if you can offer a truly unique product or experience, price becomes much less of an issue.People like the idea of supporting local in dependent businesses versus “the big guys”. So, what businesses are booming due to the rise of indies?Craft Beer(精酿啤酒) —The craft beer movement in the United States is supported so widely that big breweries have taken to creating their own competing“craft beer” brands in an attempt to follow the trend. While Anheuser-Busch represents nearly half of America’s breweries, craft beer has seen a huge jump in sales in recent years.Video Games—Whether through PCs, traditional consoles or mobile phones, independent developers are supported by enthusiastic fans and micro-transactions in an industry that was formerly dominated by bigger developers.Musicians—The Web offers immense opportunities to musicians, resulting in more economic and artistic freedom. A surprising number of mainstream artists have seen great success from their independent releases, such as Macklemore’s The Heist, which has sold over one million copies in the United States alone.Some small businesses don’t want to be small businesses forever. R egardless, consider what independence does for you and your company. If you offer something out of the ordinary, you can build an audience that respects your individuality and supports your cause.第三节书面表达请根据下表所提供的信息以“How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic”为题写一篇150词左右的短文。