45分钟高频考点练 11

考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一完形填空考点18 人物记叙类（C卷）一、/阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Long long ago, there was a swan(天鹅)with golden feathers(金羽毛).She lived in a lake. A woman lived in a small house near the lake 1 her two daughters. They were very poor. They worked hard all year round, but still, they lived a 2 life and sometimes they even didn’t have enough money to buy food.The swan was sad to see that. She said to 3 , “I’ll give one of my feathers to them each day, then they can li ve a happy life with the money selling my feathers.” That evening, she flew to the poor woman’s house and 4 a golden feather on the table without saying anything .From then on, the swam came every day and gave them a feather. The woman was very happy 5 their life was much better than before.But day after day, the woman became greedy(贪婪).She said to her 6 .” The swan may fly away one day. If so, we will be poor again. We should take all her feathers when she comes next time.”“Oh, no, Mom!” cried the daughters, “This will7 the swan. She helps us a lot !”But the mother wouldn’t listen. When the swan came as8 , the mother caught her and took all her feathers. But suddenly, the golden feathers 9 chicken feathers.Then ,the Golden Swan said, “Poor Mother, I came to help you, but you wanted to kill me. Now, I am leaving and will never come back. Never be greedy!” With these10 , the swan flew away.1.A.for B.with C.without D.on2.A.hard B.good C.happy D.easy3.A.her B.herself C.them D.myself4.A.gave B.brought C.returned D.left5.A.so B.while C.after D.unless6.A.sons B.husband C.daughters D.sister7.A.hurt B.save C.protect D.refuse8.A.general ual C.normal mon9.A.heard of B.looked for C.changed into D.came from10.A.letters B.words C.thoughts D.sentences二、The Pearl NecklaceJenny, a lovely girl with curly golden hair, was almost five. One day, when she was waiting with her mother at the checkout in a store, she 1 a pearl necklace in a pink box."Oh, please, Mommy. Can I have this?" The mother checked the back of the little box quickly and then met the wishful blue eyes of her little girl."A dollar ninety-five. That's almost $2.00. If you 2 want it, I'll give you some chores and soon you will save enough money to buy it for yourself. Your 3 is only a week away and you might get another dollar from Grandma."As soon as Jenny got home, she 4 her money box and counted out 17 cents. After dinner, she did more than her share of chores, and she asked her neighbor if she could pick cotton for ten cents. On her birthday, Grandma did give her a 5 and at last she had enough money to buy the necklace. Jenny loved her pearl necklace. She wore it everywhere.Jenny had a very 6 daddy and every night when it was time for bed, he would stop whatever he was doing and go upstairs to read her a story. One night when he finished the story, he asked Jenny, "Do you love me?""Oh, yes, Daddy. You know that I love you"Then 7 me your necklace.''"Oh, Daddy, not my necklace. But you can have Princess—the white horse from my collection. She's my favorite. ""Okay, honey. Daddy loves you. Good night." And he brushed her face with his lips.About a week later, the same thing happened. Jenny gave her father the 8 baby doll she got for her birthday instead of the necklace.A few days later when the father came into Jenny's room, he 9 his daughter's hands were shaking and that one silent tear rolled down her face."What's the matter, Jenny?"Jenny didn't say anything but lifted her hand up. And when she opened her 10 , there was her pearl necklace.She finally said, "Here, Daddy. It's for you."With tears in his eyes, Jenny's kind daddy reached out his hand to take the cheap necklace, and with the other hand he reached inside his pocket, pulled out a pearl necklace and gave it to his daughter.1. A. bought B. saw C. stole D. broke2. A. really B. never C. probably D. still3. A. exam B. competition C. performance D. birthday4. A. threw B. hid C. emptied D. repaired5. A. toy B. dollar C. cake D. gift6. A. terrible B. strict C. loving D. creative7. A. give B. sell C. lend D. return8. A. expensive B. beautiful C. ugly D. boring9. A. accepted B. understood C. noticed D. announced10. A. room B. box C. mouth D. hand三、Last summer my son, Eric, left for university in another country. Our once lively house became quiet and 1 . I missed him so much that I started sending him messages on the phone, mainly to say 2 or to give him a word of warning.One of my messages says, "So you told me you 3 your credit card(信用卡). If you don't try hard to mend your careless ways, one day you'll 4 and find your brain missing."I did get Eric's messages, but most of them were about 5 . They were no different from the notes he used to leave 6 the white board when he was at home."I bought a new pair of shoes. They cost me $90. Please help!""Money is running short 7 I've bought some books for my research paper. Help me please!"8 , however, Eric begins to send me all kinds of articles: some funny, some touching and some worth 9 . He says they will help me understand young men better and keep up with the times.I read the articles slowly, like a 10 student, with mixed feelings as well—my kid, who followed me around not long ago, has now become my 11 .So I write back. "I've read all those articles. I'll take 12 as a loving son's expectations towards his mother. He must be thinking that his mother is still 13 enough to accept new things. That makes me feel proud. What we parents lack (缺乏) most is the ability to learnand 14 , in both body and mind. Thank you, my son."In this way we share ideas and 15 each other, with a gentle and beautiful language we seldom use. Every time I read those messages, I feel my heart filled with warmth.1.A.dark B.clean C.lonely fortable2.A.hello B.sorry C.thanks D.goodbye3.A.lost B.lent C.designed D.received4.A.give up B.wake up C.set off D.take off5.A.health B.music C.money D.safety6.A.on B.across C.behind D.opposite7.A.if B.until C.though D.because8.A.Luckily B.Actually C.Recently D.Immediately9.A.copying B.writing C.thinking D.correcting10.A.crazy B.popular C.nervous D.careful11.A.doctor B.teacher C.customer D.classmate B.you C.him D.them13.A.young B.pretty C.friendly D.honest14.A.fight B.change C.exercise D.remember15.A.watch B.invite C.protect D.encourage四、阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。

中考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一完形填空考点17 哲理故事类（B卷）一、Last autumn, my 80-year-old grandmother was having problems with her heart. My family sent her to the 1 .After a careful examination (检查), a famous doctor told my grandmother, “You have such a 2 heart condition（情况）that you should have an operation (手术).”“But the complications (并发症) can happen.” the doctor 3 my grandmother and looked at her worried face.The doctor went onto say that she would have a 40 percent possibility of having a heart trouble 4 the operation, a 35 percent possibility of being unable to stand up, and even 20 percent of 5 on the operating table because of her old age.My grandmother was ter ribly surprised and quickly said, “Doctor, since you’re talking about these 6 I have one for you: there is a 100 percent possibility that you won’t operate on me!”7 these words, my grandmother got up and 8 the doctor’s office.The next day, my grandmother went to 9 doctor’s office. There she was also told she needed an 10 . The doctor also said that her 11 might cause some problems. 12 he was quite sure about the success of operation.My grandmother might b e brave, but she is not silly. She then asked the doctor, “If I am your mother, what will you 13 ?”The doctor walked up to her, smiled, put his arms 14 her, and said, “Mom, let’s have the operation!”My grandmother had the operation and came out 15 ! Her positive attitude (乐观的心态) added many wonderful and happy years for her and enjoyed living with my family.1.A.park B.hotel C.restaurant D.hospital2.A.wonderful B.serious C.difficult D.proper3.A.advised B.warned C.promised D.encouraged4.A.during B.before C.till D.against5.A.fighting B.hurting C.returning D.dying6.A.actions B.changes C.possibilities D.conditions7.A.At B.With C.for D.By8.A.Left B.researched C.passed D.visited9.A.other B.the other C.another D.one10.A.operation B.experience C.offer D.examination11.A.weight B.height C.length D.age12.A.when B.if C.but D.because13.A.imagine B.recommend C.mind D.need14.A.over B.above C.around D.below15.A.fine B.disabled C.dead D.sad二、One evening a young woman walked on the beach. She 1 to see the footsteps(足迹) she had left in the sand, but they had already been washed away by the water. When she turned to continue her walk, she was surprised to see an old woman 2 by a fire.She walked up to the old woman and asked, "Where did you come from? I didn't see you herea minute ago."3 answering her question, the old woman said, "Sit with me, my child. I have something to show you."As the young woman sat down beside the fire, the old woman handed her a book. She turned the pages of the book one by one and was 4 to discover they told the story of her whole life, from the early days of 5 to the present. But when she turned to the next page, she found it empty and the rest of the pages in the book were all empty."Does this mean my life ends tonight?" she asked."No, my child. It means tonight your life 6 ."At that time the old woman took the book into her hands and began to tear(撕掉) each of the pages that had words out of the book. She then threw 7 into the fire until all left were empty pages. She handed the book of empty pages to the young woman."You see," she said, "just as the water washed away your footsteps in the sand, your past is forever gone. What you 8 have is here and now. Each moment is the beginning of the restof your life and you should live it to the fullest, because you won't live that moment a(an) 9 time. For your future, you are free to shape it as you wish, 10 it has not yet been written."1.A.turns B. turned C.is turning2.A.sitting B. to sit C.sat3.A.Thanks to B. Instead of C.As for4.A.tired B. sad C.surprised5.A.childhood B. adulthood C.old age6.A.ends B. lives C.begins7.A.them B. it C.her8.A.hardly B. lately C.truly9.A.other B. another C.second10.A.whether B. because C.then三、It was the summer before my third grade. Our girls' softball team was facing real pitchers(投球手) 1 the first time. Before that, we could just hit the ball on the tee(球座). When the coach started pitching, hitting became 2 for me. I missed every single pitch. From the side, I heard my teammate Emily laughing at 3 . My face got hot and my throat felt like it had a softball stuck in. At that moment, I was starting to 4 playing softball.The next afternoon^ when Mum said it was time to play the game, I told her I was 5 . She allowed me to lie down for a while. So I went to my room and 6 myself in bed. This was difficult for me because I was fine and just 7 to avoid softball.Soon Mum came in and said, “Time to go!” She didn’t even ask if I felt 8 I imagined Emily laughing from the sideline , and 9 I really did feel sick to my stomach. I began crying loudly. Still, Mum pulled my team T-shirt over my head. Sh e said, “You have to 10 for the rest of the season, and only after that we can talk about 11 you’ll continue next year.” She added that practice was what I needed, not 12 . She promised to practice with me.I got two hits that af ternoon, and Emily didn’t make a 13 . Every week after that, I practiced at home 14 I got to be one of the best hitters on the team.That 15 taught me being afraid is part of life，and I can do whatever is expected of me if I keep working and practicing.1. A. for B. by C. from D. about2. A. noisy B. natural C. hard D. possible3. A. him B. them C. me D. us4. A. remember B. hate C. enjoy D. practice5. A. bored B. sick C shy D. sad6. A. helped B. dressed C threw D. taught7. A. failed B. wanted C. refused D. offered8. A. safer B. better C. warmer D. happier9. A. usually B. probably C. carefully D. suddenly10. A. play B. break C. share D. relax11. A. what B. where C which D. whether12. A. waking up B. hurrying up C. giving up D. speaking up13. A. plan B. sound C choice D. decision14. A. until B. unless C. after D. though15. A. accident B. business C. relationship D. experience四、Recently, I felt like I reached a very low point in life. My relationships weren’t good I wasn’t enjoying my classes, and I felt like I had nothing to 1 . My life seemed to be full of endless homework tests and loneliness. Nothing anyone said seemed 2 to me. I wasn’t sure what to do about myself. All I wanted was to be happy again，but I didn’t know who or what would 3 that.During these days，I had trouble sleeping. I had to take sleeping pills but still woke up in the midnight I had no 4 but to tell my dad He 5 the book The Secret. I immediately bought the e-book online and read the whole thing that nigh t. I’m 6 quitea stubborn(顽固的）person, but the effect on my mood after finishing the book was 7 . Suddenly，I felt like life was beautiful again. I had never felt such a deep and quick 8 in my life before.In fact, the book's message was very simple—think positively(积极地）. The book had many success stories about how people were able to 9 money, soul mates (心灵伙伴)and old friends back into their lives. I started learning to thank everything in my life like them. Little by little, I realized that The Secret could only work 10 I believed these people's success stories.Now I’m sure I can bring myself happiness.1.A.take care of e up with C.look down on D.look forward to2.A.helpful B.colourful C.peaceful D.powerful3.A.serve B.offer C.answer D.prevent4.A.problem B.idea C.need D. doubt5.A.borrowed B.collected C.returned D.recommended6.A.normally B.mainly C.finally D.probably7.A.realistic mon C.obvious D.serious8.A.breath B.notice C.surprise D.Uchange9.A.attract B.control C.imagine D.mention10.A.until B.when C.unless D. before答案以及解析一、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A; 5.D; 6.C; 7.B; 8.A; 9.C; 10.A; 11.D; 12.C; 13.B; 14.C; 15.A解析：1.考查名词及语境的理解。

考点11 大气运动（A）穿堂风也叫过堂风，是一种空气流动的现象，一般指流动于建筑物内部空间的风，常产生于门窗相对或有类似通道的房间中。

我国许多地区民居设计都充分考虑了穿堂风。

图1为我国西南山区的传统民居景观图，图2为该民居穿堂风结构示意图。

据此回答下面小题。

1.图中石质地面在穿堂风形成中起的主要作用是（）A.增加地面的平整度，便于通风B.减少下渗，增加湿度C.增大房屋前后的温差D.降低夜晚时庭院温度，便于纳凉2.我国现代民居建筑若想利用穿堂风，以下设计合理的是（）A.利用厨房、卫生间做进风口B.房屋门窗的朝向为东西向C.减少东西向墙面的长度D.在前后居室（南北向）间墙上设窗或门洞热岛强度指城乡之间平均温度的差异。

下图为某滨海城市夏季海陆风与非海陆风日的热岛强度日变化特征。

据此完成下面小题。

3.该市热岛效应最强时（）A.郊区气温高于中心区B.国际标准时间为16时C.为市区日气温最低时D.为市区日气温最高时4.相对于非海陆风日，海陆风日白天（）A.较暖的海风加强了热岛环流B.较凉的海风加强了热岛环流C.较暖的海风减弱了热岛环流D.较凉的海风减弱了热岛环流太行山脉是我国黄土高原和华北平原的地理分界线，其山麓焚风（过山气流在背风坡下沉增温形成的一种干热地方性风）较强，焚风往往以阵风形式出现，从山上沿山坡向下吹。

太行山区有众多河流发源地或流经地区，其东麓地带农业生产自然条件优越。

左图为太行山东西向剖面示意图，右图为太行山山麓焚风季节分布图。

据此完成下面小题。

5.太行山东西两侧焚风效应较强的坡面和焚风多发的季节及时间对应正确的是（）A.东坡、冬季、夜间多发B.西坡、夏季、白天多发C.东坡、冬季、白天多发D.西坡、冬季、夜间多发6.太行山春季焚风对当地农业的影响，表述正确的是（）①气温升高，小麦返青提前②热量增加，熟制改变③平原积雪消融，缓解春旱④蒸发增强，加剧干旱A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④《航拍中国（第三季）·云南》中提到“泼水节早已让人们认识了傣族，夜幕降临，澜沧江换了一身节日的装扮，人们点燃手中的孔明灯，将美好的期望与祝福送到天际之上”，孔明灯是一种古老的中国手工艺品，被公认为热气球的始祖，多用于祈福许愿，其升空高度和灯内外温差有关。

专题11 电场性质的综合分析1.(2021·1月湖北学业水平选择性考试模拟演练，4)如图所示，在电场强度大小为E的匀强电场中，某电场线上有两点M和N，距离为2d。

在M和N处分别固定电荷量为＋q和－q的两个点电荷。

下列说法正确的是()A.点电荷＋q和－q受到的静电力大小均为qE，方向相反B.将点电荷＋q沿MN连线向N点移动距离d，静电力对点电荷＋q做功为qEdC.交换两个点电荷的位置，静电力对两个点电荷做功之和为零D.将两点电荷沿MN连线移动距离d，保持两个点电荷的距离不变，静电力对两个点电荷做功之和为零【答案】D【解析】静电力指匀强电场对电荷的作用力和电荷间的库仑力的合力，静电力做功即为合力做功，A错误；将点电荷＋q沿MN连线向N点移动距离d，静电力对点电荷做功大于qEd，故B错误；交换两点电荷位置，静电力均对电荷做正功，故静电力对两点电荷做功之和不为零，C错误；将两点电荷沿MN连线移动距离d，且保持两个点电荷的距离不变，位移大小相等，方向相同，两点电荷受到的静电力保持等大反向，则静电力对两个点电荷做功之和为零，D正确。

2.(2021·1月湖南普高校招生适应性考试，3)如图，两个带等量正电的点电荷，分别固定在绝缘水平桌面上的A、B两点，一绝缘圆形细管水平固定在桌面A、B两点间，且圆形细管圆心O位于A、B连线的中点。

细管与A、B连线及中垂线交点分别为C、E、D、F。

一个带负电的小球在细管中按顺时针方向做完整的圆周运动。

不计一切摩擦，下列说法正确的是()A.小球从C运动到D的过程中，速度先减小后增大B.在两个带正电的点电荷产生的电场中，C点的电势比F点的电势低C.小球在C、E两点的速度大小相等，有相同的电势能D.小球在D、F两点所受的电场力相同【答案】C【解析】由两正点电荷电场线的分布特点知，φC＝φE>φD＝φF，B错误；因φC＝φE，故小球在C、E两点的电势能相等，动能相等，速度大小相等，C正确；小球从C点运动到D点的过程中，电势能增加，动能减小，A错误；小球在D、F两点所受的电场力方向相反，D错误。

新高考物理高频考点专项练习：专题四 考点11 抛体运动的规律及应用（B ）1.如图所示，小球1从O 点的正上方离地h 高处的P 点以大小为1v 的速度水平抛出，同时在O 点右侧地面上的S 点以大小为2v 的速度斜向左上方抛出一小球2，两小球恰在O S 、连线的中点正上方相遇。

若不计空气阻力，则两小球抛出后至相遇过程中( )A.小球2抛出时速度的水平分量比小球1抛出时的速度小B.两小球初速度大小关系为12v v =C.两小球速度的变化率相同D.两小球相遇点一定在距离地面h 高度处2.把一小球从某一高度以大小为0v 的速度水平抛出，落地时小球的速度大小仍为0v ，方向竖直向下，则该运动过程中( ) A.小球做平抛运动B.小球的机械能守恒C.重力对小球做功的功率不变D.小球所受合外力做的总功为零3.排球运动场地示意图如图所示，排球网在O 点处，左右两侧场地的A 、B 两点与O 点距离均为H ，AB 连线与网平面垂直，左右边界与网的垂直距离约为3H 。

一运动员在A 正上方H 处将球水平拍出，刚好被对方运动员在B 点上方2H处接住，不计空气阻力，则( )A.球被拍出后，相同时间内速度变化量越来越大B.球被拍出后，经过2Ht g=的时间被接住C.球被拍出瞬间，初速度大小为0v gH =D.若对方运动员不接球，该球便落在对方界内得分4.火车以1m/s 2的加速度在水平轨道上匀加速行驶，乘客把手伸到窗外从距地面2.5m 高处释放一物体，不计空气阻力物体落地时与乘客的水平距离为( ) A.0mB.0.5mC.0.25mD.1m5.甲、乙两球位于同一竖直线上的不同位置，甲比乙高h ，如图所示，甲、乙两球分别以12v v 、的初速度沿同一水平方向抛出，且不计空气阻力，则下列条件中有可能使乙球击中甲球的是( )A.同时抛出，且12v v <B.甲比乙后抛出，且12v v >C.甲比乙早抛出，且12v v >D.甲比乙早抛出，且12v v <6.如图所示,水平面上固定有一个斜面,从斜面顶端向右平抛一个小球,当初速度为0v 时,小球恰好落到斜面底端,飞行时间为0t 。

2023浙教版科学中考“高频考点”专题训练（十一）浮力1.放有适量水的烧杯置于水平桌面上。

将一木块浸没到水中一定深度后撤去外力，木块开始上浮，如图所示，最后漂浮，且有五分之二体积浸入水面。

下列叙述中，正确的是（）A. 在露出水面之前，木块所受浮力不变B. 在露出水面之前，木块所受浮力等于木块的重力C. 木块在浸没和漂浮两种情况下，水对烧杯底的压强相同D. 木块的密度为0.6克/厘米32.将质量相同的三个实心物体浸没在水中时，它们的状态如图所示，则下列说法中正确的是（）A. 上浮的物体最终漂浮，漂浮时受到的浮力比上浮时的小B. 下沉的物体所受到的重力最大C. 下沉的物体最终会沉底，沉底后的物体不受浮力D. 将悬浮的物体往下移一些，它将会下沉3.将体积不同、材料不同的甲乙两实心小球，分别轻轻放在水中，两球静止时如图所示，甲浮在水面，乙沉底，已知甲的体积比乙小，则下列说法正确的是（）A. 甲的质量比乙大B. 甲受到的浮力等于重力C. 甲的密度比乙大D. 乙受到的浮力等于重力4.小滨同学自制简易密度计并标记刻度。

他在粗细均匀的木棒底部缩绕一些细铜丝后（忽略铜丝的体积），把该密度计放入洒精中竖直漂浮，静止后露出液面的长度L1为6cm，于是他在木棒与酒精液面交界的刻度线上标记0.8g/cm3；小滨同学又把该密度计放入水中竖直漂浮，静止后露出液面的长度L2为8cm，则与水面相对应的刻度线上应标记 g/cm3。

密度计上标记1.25g/cm3的刻度线到密度计顶端的距离L3为 cm.该密度计的刻度线是否均匀？并说明理由 .5.在不打破鸡蛋的前提下，如何有效判断自然状态下保存的未知产出日期的鸡蛋新鲜度？小科进行了探究。

【查阅资料】刚产出的鸡蛋密度相近，冷却后里面内容物收缩，会在蛋的一端形成气室。

一般的鸡蛋一端大(称为钝端)、一端小(称为尖端)。

蛋壳主要成分是碳酸钙，其表面有很多微小气孔，以便于蛋内外的气体交换，同时蛋内水分可通过气孔排出。

知识点01：一次函数图象与系数的关系【高频考点精讲】1．在一次函数b kx y +=中，当k ＞0时，y 随x 增大而增大。

（1）当b ＞0时，直线交y 轴于正半轴，过一、二、三象限。

（2）当b ＜0时，直线交y 轴于负半轴，过一、三、四象限。

2．在一次函数b kx y +=中，当k ＜0时，y 随x 增大而减小。

（1）当b ＞0时，直线交y 轴于正半轴，过一、二、四象限。

（2）当b ＜0时，直线交y 轴于负半轴，过二、三、四象限。

知识点02：一次函数图象上点的坐标特征【高频考点精讲】一次函数)0(≠+=k b kx y 的图象是一条直线，它与x 轴的交点坐标是（kb-，0）；与y 轴的交点坐标是（0，b ），直线上任意一点的坐标都满足函数关系式b kx y +=。

知识点03：一次函数图象与几何变换【高频考点精讲】1．一次函数图象的平移直线b kx y +=可以看做由直线kx y =平移|b |个单位得到的。

b ＞0时，向上平移；b ＜0时，向下平移。

（1）如果两条直线平行，那么两条直线的斜率k 相等，反过来，如果两条直线的斜率k 相等，那么两条直线平行。

（2）平移规律：上加下减，左加右减。

2．一次函数图象的对称（1）直线b kx y +=关于x 轴对称的另一条直线的解析式为b kx y --=。

推导过程：x 不变，y 变成﹣y ，即b kx y +=-⇒b kx y --=。

（横坐标不变，纵坐标是原来的相反数）（2）直线b kx y +=关于y 轴对称的另一条直线的解析式为b kx y +-=。

推导过程：y 不变，x 变成﹣x ，即b x k y +-=)(⇒b kx y +-=。

（纵坐标不变，横坐标是原来的相反数）（3）直线b kx y +=关于原点对称的另一条直线的解析式为b kx y -=。

推导过程：x 和y 都变成相反数，即b x k y +-=-)(⇒b kx y -=。

（横、纵坐标都变成原来的相反数）3．一次函数图象的旋转（1）直线b kx y +=旋转90°所得另一条直线与原直线垂直，斜率乘积为﹣1，另一条直线的解析式为b kx y +-=。

新高考物理高频考点专项练习：专题四 考点11 抛体运动的规律及应用（A ）1.从同一高度以不同的速度同时水平抛出两个质量不同的石子，下面说法正确的是( ) A.速度大的先着地B.速度小的先着地C.质量大的先着地D.两石同时着地2.平抛物体在各个时刻的速度、加速度方向如图所示，其中正确的是( )A. B. C. D.3.在同一平台上的O 点抛出的三个物体，做平抛运动的轨迹如图所示，则三个物体做平抛运动的初速度A B C v v v 、、的关系和三个物体做平抛运动的时间A B C t t t 、、的关系分别是( )A.A B C A B C ,v v v t t t >>>>B.A B C A B C ,v v v t t t ====C.A B C A B C ,v v v t t t <<>>D.A B C A B C ,v v v t t t >><<4.沿水平方向先后抛出两个小球A B 、，两球相遇于空中的P 点，其运动轨迹如图所示，不计空气阻力，最终两小球落在水平地面上，关于两个小球的运动，下列说法正确的是( )A.在空中运动时小球A 的速度变化率等于小球B 的速度变化率B.在空中运动时小球A 的运动时间小于小球B 的运动时间C.小球A 的初速度大于小球B 的初速度D.小球A B 、落地时的速度相同5.在某综艺节目中，游戏者进行抛球击鼓的游戏。

如图是游戏场地的示意图，图中甲、乙两鼓等高，丙、丁两鼓位置比甲、乙低但也等高。

要求游戏者每次在图示位置从相同高度将球沿水平方向抛出，忽略空气阻力，则( )A.击中甲、乙的两球初速度关系为v v =甲乙B.击中甲、乙的两球初速度关系为v v >甲乙C.假设某次抛出的球能够击中甲鼓，用相同的速度发球可能击中丁鼓D.击中四鼓的球中，击中丙鼓的初速度最大6.随着北京冬奥会的临近，滑雪项目成为了人们非常喜爱的运动项目。

2023年高三物理二轮高频考点冲刺突破专题11三大力场中动量守恒定律的应用专练目标专练内容目标1高考真题（1T—5T）目标2重力场中碰撞类问题中动量守恒定律的应用（5T—10T）目标3重力场中类碰撞类问题中动量守恒定律的应用（11T—15T）目标4电场中动量守恒定律的应用（16T—20T）目标5磁场中动量守恒定律的应用（21T—25T）【典例专练】一、高考真题1．质量为1m和2m的两个物体在光滑水平面上正碰，其位置坐标x随时间t变化的图像如图所示。

下列说法正确的是（）A．碰撞前2m的速率大于1m的速率B．碰撞后2m的速率大于1m的速率C．碰撞后2m的动量大于1m的动量D．碰撞后2m的动能小于1m的动能2．如图（a），质量分别为m A、m B的A、B两物体用轻弹簧连接构成一个系统，外力F作用在A上，系统静止在光滑水平面上（B靠墙面），此时弹簧形变量为x。

撤去外力并开始计时，A、B两物体运动的a t-图像如图（b）所示，1S表示0到1t时间内A的a t-图线与坐标轴所围面积大小，2S、3S分别表示1t到2t时间内A、B的a t-图线与坐标轴所围面积大小。

A在1t时刻的速度为0v。

下列说法正确的是（）A ．0到1t 时间内，墙对B 的冲量等于m A v 0B ．m A >m BC ．B 运动后，弹簧的最大形变量等于xD ．123S S S -=3．利用云室可以知道带电粒子的性质，如图所示，云室中存在磁感应强度大小为B 的匀强磁场，一个质量为m 、速度为v 的电中性粒子在A 点分裂成带等量异号电荷的粒子a 和b ，a 、b 在磁场中的径迹是两条相切的圆弧，相同时间内的径迹长度之比:3:1a b l l =，半径之比:6:1a b r r =，不计重力及粒子间的相互作用力，求：（1）粒子a 、b 的质量之比:a b m m ；（2）粒子a 的动量大小a p 。

4．如图所示，在竖直面内，一质量m 的物块a 静置于悬点O 正下方的A 点，以速度v 逆时针转动的传送带MN 与直轨道AB 、CD 、FG 处于同一水平面上，AB 、MN 、CD 的长度均为l 。