定语从句二

1．He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.A．where B．on whichC．under which D．which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的用法。

句意：他把那个放卷子的抽屉钥匙给弄丢了。

这里是一个定语从句，先行词the drawer表示的是地点，所以用where引导的定语从句，它在从句中作地点状语，on which及under which有时也等于where，但是在这里强调的是试卷被锁在了抽屉里，应该是in which故答案选A。

2．It has put me in a position ___________I can’t afford to take the job.A．when B．which C．where D．that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

此处position是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故选C。

3．Do you remember those days ____ we had a good time along the seashore?A．when B．that C．which D．what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：你还记得我们在海边玩得很开心的那些日子吗?此处days是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故选A。

4．I still remember the town________ we worked ten years ago.A．where B．there C．which D．what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：我还记得十年前我们工作过的那个小镇。

本句为定语从句，先行词为the town，指地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故A项正确。

5．Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old people ______ they swam in it.A．who B．where C．when D．that【答案】C【解析】考查分隔定语从句。

2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析07定语从句（二）考点二“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语或状语。

能用于这一结构的关系代词只有whom, which, whose三个，whom, which作宾语，whose作定语。

这一结构的中介词由两个方面来确定：与先行词的搭配；与从句谓语动词的搭配。

1. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge. （2017江苏）A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how【答案】B【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除C、D；“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词不能用that，故选B。

2. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. （2017江苏）A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰purpose，故用关系代词whose。

3. Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. （2016江苏）A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除B、D；关系代词指代people，故用关系代词whom。

4. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. (2015浙江)A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which【答案】C【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，关系词在从句中作状语，只能用“介词+关系代词”，先行词是atmosphere，表示“在……氛围中”，应用介词in。

高考一轮总复习 ·英语
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定语从句高考考点
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as，which引导的定语从句
考点五 way和time后接定语从句的情况
之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。
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②Trading leather shoes is the business ___o_n_e_o_f_w__h_o_s_e___
the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所专注的事业。
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③[2016·浙江]The study suggests that the cultures we grow
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⑤His head soon appeared out of the window，
__f_r_o_m__w_h_e_r_e_____he saw nothing but trees.
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关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则 步
第 2
用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。

初中定语从句2一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。

I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。

This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.I’ll show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。

This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.The reason ________________ she gave was not true.特别注意：当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。

The library _______________________ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.I’ll never forget the day _____________________ we first met in the park.I’ll never forget the time ______________ I spe nt on campus.I’ll never forget the time ______________ was spent with you.二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况1. who、that 不能用与介词之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in which she lives is far away.2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .三、如何确定介词？把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.The house ____ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _____ whom we are proud.3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配The school ______ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age______ which children can go to school is seven.4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。

定语从句(二)关系代词whose有关注意点:Whose引导定语从句，用作定语，修饰后面的名词：Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?This is the house whose owner comes from Japan.其中whose + n.可改写成：of whom / which the + n. Or the + n. of whom / which巩固练习：将下列简单句合并成一个由whose引导定语从句的复合句：1.The woman is very happy. Her son has got the first prize in the contest.2.I like the dictionary very much. Its color is green.3. A child is called an orphan. His parents are both dead.4.The man is my teacher. His bike was stolen.关系代词which / whom有关注意点：请看下面两组句子：This is the book (which / that ) you want.(作动词want的宾语)Suzhou is the city (which / that ) I’m going to pay a visit to.（作介词to的宾语）Suzhou is the city to which I’m going to pay a visit.（介词提前，只能接which）The women (who / whom / that) I met in the bookstore is my aunt. (作动词met的宾语)The woman (who / whom / that ) you were talking to just now is my aunt. (作介词to的宾语）The woman to whom you were talking just now is my aunt. （介词提前，只能接whom）说明：关系代词作定语从句里介词的宾语时，此介词可放置于句中原来位置，这时关系代词可用who, that, whom / which, that, 大多数情况下也可前移至关系代词前面，这时候只能用whom / which.即介词+which / whom;但并不是所有的介词都可移至前面，如果是一些不可拆开的动词短语，如look for, look after 等，介词只能放于原位。

3) Who is the man t_h_a_t__ is standing there?
4) Her bag, in __w_h__ic_h__ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， _w_h__ic_h_ brought her heart into her mouth.
2. Tomorrow I will bring here a book fo_r_w__h_ich you asked.
定语从句(2)
难点一：as的用法
1. It is such a big stone __a_s__ nobody can lift.
2. __A_s___ is known to all, he is the best student. 3. This is the same watch as I lost.
Translate the following English proverbs into Chinese and then pick out the attributive clauses.
1. God helps those who help
themselves .
天助自助者.
2. He who laughs last laughs best . 笑到最后的人才是英雄.
归 指代事物 which, that, as 纳 所属关系 whose
系 代
总 结
指地点 指时间
where when
关 系
词
指原因 why
副
做题技巧?
词
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分

3) Who is the man ___t_h_aits standing there?
4) Her bag, in _____w_h_i_chshe put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______wbhriocuhght her heart into her mouth.
以上句子中的定语都有单词或短语充当， 但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句
如：住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人
The old man who lives in our school is a retired woker. 我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣
The book which my brother bought yesterday ie very interesting.
The boy whom I spoke to just now is admitted to a famous university.
Whose通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定语
That is the boy whose mother is a disabled women. The room whose windows face south is our dorm.
1.The way __t_h_a_t_/i_n_w__h_ic_h_/_不__填_he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way ____________t_h_a_t_/ _whheicehx/p不la填ined to us
基础知识回顾: 定语从句关系词及其意 义

定语从句(1)由关系副词引导的定语从句关系词先行词/ 所指从句成分例句备注关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we metthere.可用on which where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turneddown my offer.可用for which在定语从句中，如果先行词表示时间、地点、原因，并在从句中作状语，则分别用关系副词when,where,why 或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。

1. He has lost the key to the drawer ________ the papers are kept.2. This was a time ________ there were still slaves in the USA.3．This is just the place __________ I am going to pay a visit these years.4. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou，________ live my grandparents and some relatives.5. Do you know the reason ________ he cried?6. We are living in an age many things are done on computers.当先行词同样表示时间、地点、原因，但关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，则用关系代词which或 that 引导定语从句（作宾语时，关系代词常可省略）。

因此要仔细分析关系词在从句中的句法功能，选择正确的关系词。

定语从句（二）二、关系副词的用法（一）当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。

其中when=表示时间的介词（in, at, during）+whichwhere=表示地点的介词（in, at, on, under）+whichwhy=表示原因的介词（for）+whichBecause of financial crisis, days are gone, when local 5-star hotels charged 6000 yuan for one night.It is helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.Do you know the reason why he is absent? (why=for which)（二）高考对于关系副词when的考察高考试题中对于when的考察趋于复杂化，从先行词为“明显的的地点”转化为“地点的模糊化”。

事实上，对于where这个词，考试不能只理解为表地点。

当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所要发展的stage, 或表达某事的某个方面时都可以用where这个词。

They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.此用法不仅局限于定语从句，特殊疑问句中的where,名词性从句中的where都有这种用法。

Where will all this trouble lead?That is where you are mistaken.题组训练：用适当的关系词填空16、We are living in an age many things are done on computer.17、I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.18、The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour.三、关系代词和关系副词的比较关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

定语从句(The Attributive Clause)(二)概念：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 和关系副词when, where, why等。

一、关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which的用法1、当先行词是人，关系代词作主语时，我们只能用who/ that，且不能省略。

例如：This is the man who/that helped me.2、当先行词是人，关系代词作宾语时，我们只能用whom/ that / who，可以省略。

例如：The doctor (whom/ that / who) you are looking for is in the room.3、当先行词是物时，不论其作主语、宾语，我们都用that/which,当其作主语时，不能省略；当其作宾语时，可以省略。

例如：1) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.2) The noodles (that/which ) I cooked were good.4、当先行词是人或物时,我们用whose来代替my/his/her/its/their。

例如：Do you know the man whose name is Mr. Smith?注：关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时只能用whom, which，whose，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。

例如：1) The man whom/that my teacher is talking with is my father.→The man with whom my teacher is talking is my father.2) The room that/which I live in is good.→The room in which I live is good.3) The man whose department I once worked in was Mr King.→The man in whose department I once worked was Mr King.但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在有关动词的后面。

activity _w__h__e_r_e_ sight matters more than hearing. 2. [2013江西卷] He wrote a letter w__h_e_r_e_ he explained
what had happened in the accident.
3. —What do you think of teaching, Bob?
planted last year.
Have a try
指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( 主语 )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( 宾语 ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
A.during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time
4.I was given three books on cooking, the first ______I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
up his house and attacked his relatives, and he himself
couldn't __3___ being sentenced to 30 years in prison.
1. A. set B. found C. constructed D. founded
4. A. However B. Therefore C. In fact D. Instead 5. A. introduced B. rewarded

I’ll never forget the day _____ my hometown was liberl never forget the days which/that /____________ we spent together last summer.
cried just now. that/which/• I knew the reason ________ he gave to you.
• Question 关系代词还是关系副词？ 关系代词还是关系副词？ • 当先行词是表时间, 表地点和表原因的 当先行词是表时间 词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构， 词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构， 如果缺少主语或宾语时， 如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该 或省略, 用 which 或 that或省略 缺少时间状 或省略 地点状语或原因状语时， 语，地点状语或原因状语时，才能用 when 或 where，why ，
of whom • 9 This is the hero ____________we are proud . • 10 I want to find the pen with which wrote the _________I letter . by which time • 11 School will break up on July, ____________ we will have got our school reports. • 12 China has many rivers, among which the ___________ Changjiang River is the longest. in which • 13 The games _______the young men competed were difficult. about whom • 14 The runner __________you are asking is over there. to whom 15 The person __________you should write is Mr. Ball.

定语从句非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 当先行词被专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

4. 有时as 也可用作关系代词如：You can take as many as you need.你可以根据需要尽量拿。

Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。

热身练习一、单项选择。

1. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that语法考点 本讲内容第七讲定语从句（二）2. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom3. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of thatB. which mostC. most of whichD. that most4. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. whichB. with whichC. without whichD. that5. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whomKey: CBCCA二、选用适当的关系词填空。

常用句型之二定语从句定语从句是英语中用来修饰名词或代词的句子，常用句型之二。

它通过添加从句来增加句子的信息量和复杂性，使句子更加丰富多样。

在使用定语从句时，我们需要注意一些语法规则和常用表达方式。

以下是一些常用的定语从句句型以及示例说明。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句(1) 关系代词“that”在定语从句中作宾语时：- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.昨天我买的那本书很有趣。

(2) 关系代词“which”在定语从句中作宾语时：- The car, which is parked outside, is mine.停在外面的那辆车是我的。

(3) 关系代词“who”在定语从句中作主语时：- The girl who is singing is my sister.正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的妹妹。

2. 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，需使用介词+which的形式：- The room in which he lives is very small.他住的房间很小。

3. 关系副词引导的定语从句(1) “when”用于修饰表示时间的名词：- The day when we met was sunny.我们见面的那一天是晴天。

(2) “where”用于修饰表示地点的名词：- The school where I study is far from my home.我上学的学校离家很远。

(3) “why”用于修饰表示原因的名词：- The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。

4. 非限制性定语从句使用逗号隔开，用于对前面名词或代词进行补充说明，不会对主句产生影响：- My brother, who is a doctor, is coming to visit me.我的哥哥，他是个医生，要来看我。

定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

定语从句及相关术语定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句。

关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why 等。

关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。

②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。

③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。

注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。

定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

先行词被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who做主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。

【热点语法】英语定语从句（二）山东潍坊刘永科五、非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

上篇文章涉及的内容是限制性定语从句及其有关事项，本文主要讲解非限制性定语从句。

1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差别：限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。

它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况；如果去掉，则会影响句子意思的完整。

A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.医生就是负责人们的健康的人。

This is the school where Yao Ming studied.这就是姚明学习过的学校。

I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。

This is the diamond (which/that) the lady has lost. 这就是那位女士丢失的钻石。

非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。

它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

翻译时常常不译作定语，而是单独译成与主句并列的句子。

Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。

My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometers from here.我的父母住我的家乡，离这里大约30千米。

Millar, who is a distant relative of mine, studies in Yale now. 米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在耶鲁学习。

book1unit5关系副词引导的定语从句⼆定语从句(⼆)由关系副词和介词+ 关系代词(which / whom) 引导的定语从句⼀、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when 指时间，当先⾏词是时间名词，且定语从句缺时间状语时，⽤when引导；有时when可⽤“介词+关系代词which” 替换。

I will never the day when (=) I joined the army. (I joined the army on the day)I still remember the time when (=) we visited the farm(we visited the farm at the time)2.where指地点，当先⾏词是地点名词，且定语从句缺地点状语时，⽤where引导；有时where可⽤“介词+关系代词which” 替换。

This is the house where (=) I lived three years ago.(I lived i n the house three years ago)The farm where (=) I worked 5 years ago is more beautiful.(I worked on the farm 5 years ago)3. why 表原因, 关系副词why 的先⾏词只有reason ,在从句中作原因状语.Do you know the reason why(=) he left?( he left for the reaso n)3. 关系副词引导的定语从句的特点a. 定语从句的主谓宾(表)成份不缺(完整),缺状语.注:状语含义:在句中表⽰时间的介词短语叫时间状语;表⽰地点的介词短语叫地点状语;表⽰原因的介词短语叫原因状语.b. 关系副词在从句中作状语的含义:关系副词when/where/why所指代的先⾏词添上相应的介词构成介词短语在定语从句中分别充当时间状语/地点状语/原因状语.c. 表⽰时间/地点/原因(reason)的先⾏词,其引导词并⾮⼀定是when/where/why ,关键要由先⾏词(关系词)在从句中所担当的成分⽽定. 若其在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(表语)引导词要⽤关系代词which/ that .完成下列句⼦1) I still remember the days we spent together.2) I still remember the days we worked together.3) This is the school we studies three years ago.4) This is the school we visited three years ago.5) Is this the reason he explained at the meeting.6)Is this the reason he was late for the meeting.⼆. 介词+ 关系代词(which / whom) 引导的定语从句1. when / where/why 引导的定语从句有时可⽤”介词+ which “ 替换,由此引出另⼀类定语从句: 由”介词+ which/ whom “ 所引导的定语从句.在这类定语从句中,由”介词+which ”引导的定语从句，修饰事，由”介词+whom ”引导的定语从句，修饰⼈，其中的which，whom 决不能⽤that，who 替换，⽽且也绝不能省略。