第四讲国际金融组织

第四讲企事业单位宣传资料的翻译——入门练习一、请各位同学认真阅读并思考如何翻译下面文字。

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第四讲国际货币体系国际货币体系是世界货币运行的体制框架，从而是国际金融学的重要内容。

本讲主要阐述如下问题：一、国际货币体系概述；二、布雷顿森林货币体系；三、牙买加货币体系；四、欧洲货币体系。

一、国际货币体系概述（一）国际货币体系的含义1.定义：在国际经济交往中，经常会发生千丝万缕的货币关系，即国际货币关系，因此也必然要求在国际上形成为各国所共同遵守的调节国际货币关系的贯例、规定、原则和制度。

国际货币体系就是这些贯例、规定、原则和制度的总和。

2.其主要内容包括：①货币本位（国际货币）；②国际汇率；③国际储备；④国际收支；具体说——国际本位货币的确定。

各国货币汇率制度的确定：即一国民族货币按照什么比价或汇率兑换成另一国民族货币。

国际储备资产的确定：国际储备资产就是一国中央银行或金融当局持有的可用于国际支付和稳定汇率的流动资产。

国际货币体系应确定何种货币可作为国际储备资产以及国际储备资产的最低限度数量。

国际收支的调节方式：即当国际收支发生顺差或逆差时，应采取何种方式进行调节，逆差国和顺差国各承担什么责任。

（二）国际货币体系的类型及其演变1.国际货币体系按其形成方式的不同，可以分为两种类型：①在国际上自发形成的国际货币体系。

即调节国际货币关系的规定、原则和制度不是由有关各国通过国际会议和国际协议固定下来，而是在各国自行规定的货币制度的基础上自发形成的。

第二次世界大战以前的国际货币体系就属于这种类型。

②在国际上有组织地形成的国际货币体系。

即调节国际货币关系的规定、原则和制度是由有关各国通过国际会议和国际协定固定下来，并且有一定的国际组织保证其贯彻实施。

二次大战后所建立的布雷顿森林体系就属于这种类型。

2.战前类型演变：国际金本位制度是世界上第一次出现的国际货币体系。

国际金本位制又可分为以下几种类型：①金币本位制（1821年英国——19世纪中叶国际——一战崩溃——仅美国维持到30年代危机）。

在这种国际货币体系下，各国都以金币作为本位货币，黄金是国际储备资产和国际结算货币，并且规定，人们可以根据规定的成色自由铸造金币；各种金属辅币和银行券可以自由兑换成黄金；黄金可以自由输出入。