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(精讲精练)直接引语变间接引语(讲练结合版)

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（精讲精练）直接引语变间接引语（讲练结合版）一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。

用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。

一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。

（直接引语）Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。

（宾语从句是间接引语）二、直接引语变间接引语应注意的问题1.连接词的选择：1）直接引语如果是陈述句变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词。

He said , “I like it very much.”→He said （that ）he liked it very much.2）直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if连接，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。

如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。

如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, u s等。

She said, “Is your father an engineer?”→She asked me if （whether）my father was an engineer.3）直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。

“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.→My father asked me when I had got up that morning.4）直接引语是祈使句当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语要用”tell sb. (not) to do sth.”结构。

The teacher said to her mother ,”Please give me the book.”→The teacher told her mother to give her the book.巧记：去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。

转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、orde r等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。

如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。

成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not) to do something结构。

①He said,“Sit down, please.”→He asked me to sit down.②The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class! ”→The teacher told us not to talk in class!③The captain said to his men,“Fire!”→The captain ordered his men to fire.④The policeman said to the children,“Don't play football in the middle of the street.”→The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.2、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。

口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。

“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。

“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers, it，its, they, their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。

一随主：They said ,”our parents often go shopping with us.”→They said their parents often go shopping with them.二随宾: ①He said, “Y ou told me this story.”→He said that I had told him that story.②She said to Mary ,”How is your brother now?”→She asked Mary how her brother was then.第三人称不更新:①He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.He told me that she had left her book in my room.②Mr White said,”Hand is a good worker.”→Mr White said Hand was a good worker.3.时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态要作出相应的变化，当主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态；当主句为一般过去时，从句必须为过去时的某个时态。

即“主过从过，主现从任”。

情态动词也要变成相应的过去式：Can—could；may —might；must — must/had to①He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.②He said, “I'm using the knife.”→He said that he was using the knife.③She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”→She said that she had not heard from him since May.④He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.⑤Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.⑥He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”→He said that he should be doing his homework then.⑦He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.注意：直接引语如果是客观真理直接引语如果是客观真理直接引语如果是客观真理直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

①The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”→The teacher said that the earth is round.②He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.③He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。

4.语序的变化直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。

①The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.②“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning.③注意：直接引语里是：What's wrong with……?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。

He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”→He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。

5.其它变化指示代、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：①He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning.②He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.”→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before.③Lily said, “I will come back next month.”→Lily said that she would go back the next month.④He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”→He said that it was nine o'clock then.⑤He said, “I haven't seen her today.”→He said that he hadn't seen her that day .⑥She said, “I went there yesterday.”→She said that she had gone there the day before.⑦She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”→She said that she would go there the next day.⑧He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”→He said that his sister had been there three days before.(here→there; ago→before)⑨She said, “I will come here this evening.”→She said that she would go there that evening.（come→go；here→there；this→that）以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。

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人教版八年级下册英语英语语法知识点精讲+练习

人教版八年级下册英语英语语法知识点精讲+练习

新目标八年级下册英语语法知识点精讲+练习师院附中李忠海（一）一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。

通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。

如：It is going to rain.will do结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good rest.2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+doSarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?★★练一练★★根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）I’ll be better tomorrow.1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）_____________________________2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）_____________________________3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）_____________________________4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）____________________________5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）_____________________________答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.2. I’ll sleep later.3. They’ll buy onesoon.4. We’ll leave a little later.5. Maybe it’llbe better tomorrow.（二）should的用法：should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我认为你应该少垃圾食品。

(详细版)直接引语变间接引语

(详细版)直接引语变间接引语


4.直接引语是祈使句
间接引语应改为 “Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。
"Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the studen →She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. “Open the door, please," said she. →She asked him to open the door. The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking.” →The teacher told the students to stop talking. “Don’t touch anything.” He said. →He told us not to touch anything.
指示代词this, Nhomakorabeathese
时 间 状 语
now, today this week yesterday last week four days ago the day before yesterday tomorrow next month
The day after tomorrow
地点状语
方向性动词
直接引语变间接引语面面观
一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语 是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中 主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” →She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语 是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主 句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称 ，如：
直接引语变间接引语 (整理版)

直接引语变间接引语 (整理版)

语法讲解直接引语变间接引语引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。

例如：John said, "I‟m going to London with my father."约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。

"（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。

（宾语从句是间接引语）一、如何变人称：有一句顺口溜“一随主.二随宾,第三人称不更新”.如：1.“一随主”She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.如果从句中的主语( I 或My…)是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰.从句中的人称要按照主句中主语（she）的人称变化2.“二随宾”如：He said to Kate. "How is your s ister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then.若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称.或被第二人你所修饰.从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致.如果引号外的主句没有宾语.也可以用第一人称,3.“第三人称不更新”如：Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker."→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整.现在时态需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态.如：1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时但要注意在以下几种情况下.在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化.①直接引语是客观真理."The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变.如：Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时.表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变.如：He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to(应该), had better（最好）, used to（过去常常）)和已经是过去时的形式时,（例：could, should, would, might）不再变.如：Peter said. "You had better come here today." →Peter said I had better go there that day.三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday.变为the day before）地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：四、如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句.如：S he said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if(是否)引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim."You have finished the homework, haven‟t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework or not ."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）.She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型.如："Don‟t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise."Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to take her a cup of tea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let…s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest（建议）+动名词（或从句）.”如：He said, "Let‟s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.。

(完整版)直接引语变间接引语教案

(完整版)直接引语变间接引语教案

Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 教案教学内容分析直接引语和间接引语是中等职业教育国家规划教材Unit3的语法。

作为英语语法体系中的一版块,在职业英语教材中属于必讲语法点。

而且,在日常生活中，我们常常需要引用或转述别人的话，在作为一种特殊的叙述形态,直接引语能给文本创造出“逼真”的叙述效果。

鉴于直接引语和间接引语的实用性，再考虑到职业学校学生就业的特点，因此,我们很有必要探究:如何简捷、高效地进行直接引语和间接引语的教学，使学生掌握并正确运用直接引语和间接引语的转变，并提高语言表达能力。

Teaching Aims：1 Train the students’speeking ability.2 Learn and master Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.Teaching Important Points：1. Improve the students’ speek ing ability.2. 直接引语和间接引语的相互转化Teaching Difficult Points：1. 直接引语转化为间接引语时在时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词等方面的变化。

2. 直接引语为陈述句、祈使句、一般问句、特殊疑问句时转化为间接引语的变化。

Teaching Aids:多媒体和幻灯片Teaching Procedures：Step I Greeting and speechGreet the students as usual and the student who is on duty give a speech before class.Step II Lead-in 把Michael Phelps的头像用大屏幕呈现给学生，让学生猜出这个人是谁，并讨论这个游泳冠军的体貌特征，然后让学生踊跃发言。

用Michael Phelps 描述自身体貌特征的话引出间接引语，从而导入直接引语和间接引语的教学。