红木古典家具的专业术语

红木家具的历史与概述【概述及分类】【红木的分类】【红木的特征】【古典家具术语】【概述及分类】红木家具始于明代。

其外观形体简朴对称，天然材色和纹理宜人。

红木主要采用中国家具制造的雕刻、榫卯、镶嵌、曲线等传统工艺，德国学者G·Ecke在《中国花梨木家具图考》中总结加工红木家具的三条基本法则是：非绝对必要不用木销钉；在能避免处尽可能不用胶粘；任何地方都不用镟制。

即不用任何铁钉和胶粘剂。

所以红木家具的造型和工艺中明显的民族性是对许多收藏者最有吸引力的部分，很多人称红木家具为人文家具、艺术家具。

按照国家技术监督局的有关规定，所谓红木家具主要是指用紫檀木，酸枝木、乌木，瘿木、花梨木、鸡翅木制成的家具，除此之外的木材制作家具都不能称为红木家具。

紫檀木是红木中的极品。

其木质坚硬，色泽紫黑、凝重、手感沉重。

年轮成纹丝状，纹理纤细，有不规划蟹爪纹。

紫擅木又分老紫擅木和新紫檀木。

老紫檀木呈紫黑色，浸水不掉色，新紫檀木呈褐红色、暗红色或深紫色，浸水会掉色。

酸枝木俗称老红木。

木质坚硬沉重，经久耐用，能沉于水中，结构细密呈柠檬红色、深紫红色、紫黑色条纹，加工时散发出一种带有酸味的辛香，故名。

乌木颜色乌黑发亮，结构细密凝重，有油脂感。

乌木多见制作筷子、墨盒之类小件，少见制作家具。

瘿木是树木形成瘿瘤后的木材，按树种分为桦木瘿、楠木瘿、花梨木瘿、酸枝术瘿。

瘿木的纹理曲线错落，美观别致致，是最好的装饰材料。

在家具上大多用作表面包、镶的材料，如民间就"红台子瘿木面"的说法。

花梨木又称香红木，与酸技木构成相近，其木质坚硬，色呈赤黄或红紫，纹理呈雨线状，色泽柔和，重量较轻，能浮于水中，形似木筋。

目前市场上的红木家具以花梨木居多。

鸡翅木木质坚硬，颜色分为黑、白、紫３种颜色，形似鸡翅羽毛状，色彩艳丽明快。

但因木内含有细微沙砾等杂质，敌难以加工，善做装饰边角材料。

市场上很难见到成套的鸡翅木家具。

例如被列入国家红木标准的贵重热带硬木只有几种：紫檀、黄花梨、乌木、酸枝、鸡翅木、香枝木等几种。

古代家具用词
古代家具在中国历史上有着悠久的传统，而古代家具的用词也反映了当时人们对家具的认知和审美。

以下是古代家具常用的用词：
案台：古代用来放置书籍、文房四宝的桌子，有时也用来摆放茶具或其他物品。

床榻：古代用来睡觉的家具，床榻通常由床身、床板和床腿组成，有的床榻还配有帷幔。

椅子：古代的椅子种类繁多，有靠背的、无靠背的，有靠椅、摇椅等不同款式。

屏风：用来隔断空间、遮挡风雨、装饰室内的家具，通常由木质或竹编制而成，上面可以绘有图案。

梳妆台：专门用来梳妆打扮的家具，通常配有镜子、抽屉等设计。

书橱：用来存放书籍的家具，有的书橱还设计有玻璃门，可以展示收藏的书籍。

案几：小巧的桌子，通常用来放置文房四宝或摆放装饰品。

斗柜：类似于现代的柜子，用来存放衣物、器皿等物品。

红木家具：古代常用的一种高档家具，制作材料多为红木，具有华丽的雕刻和精美的工艺。

以上是古代家具常用的用词，这些家具反映了古代人们对生活的审美追求和对家居环境的重视。

在古代，家具不仅是实用的器具，更是展现主人品味和文化修养的重要象征。

特征
1、红酸枝开锯时，木材散发一种辛香，闻之有酸辛味。

2、鬃眼：细、小而密。

3、纹理：木纹质朴美观，优雅清新，有深褐色或黑色直丝状条纹。

4、颜色：一般为赤红色和深红色，在空气中氧化可呈暗红色。

5、木质：坚而重，结构细腻、油质重，可沉于水。

老红木概述
《古玩指南》一书中二十九章曰：“唯世俗所谓红木者，乃系木之一种专名词，非指红色木言也”“木质之佳，除紫檀外，当以红木为最”，这是书中对老红木的评价。

现在人们之所以要加上一个“老”字，是因为要区别于我们现在所谓的“红木”。

老红木，广东多成为红酸枝，长江以北则称为老红木。

（其实要按照现在的分类来说，老红木也只是红酸枝里面的一种，他们并不能混为一谈，我们在这就暂不做详细介绍）它与黄花梨等同属豆科植物中的蝶形花亚科黄檀属。

其木质与颜色相似于小叶紫檀，年轮纹都是直丝状，鬃眼比紫檀大，颜色近似枣红色。

其木质坚硬、细腻，可沉于水，一般要生长500年以上才能使用，它区别于其他木材的最明显之处在于其木纹在深红色中常常夹有深褐色或者黑色条纹，给人以古色古香的感觉。

其制作家具的工艺也应和紫檀木一样，即最后的工序应使用调匀底色，然后烫蜡的方法，千万不能使用普通硬木的做法---用漆。

因为老红木饱含蜡质，只需打磨擦蜡，即可平整润滑，光泽耐久，给人一种淳厚的含蓄美。

如果采用现代的擦漆工艺，恰恰掩盖了其木质的优良本性和纹理的自然之美。

且老红木用漆来处理，容易给一些厂家将其它木材掺杂其中，为其混水摸鱼提供便利。

在明清两代，老红木与小叶紫檀、黄花梨并称为宫廷专用的“三大贡木”。

中国红木家具明清古典家具术语中英文对照（上）。

矮老: Pillar-shaped strut.矮面盆架: Washbasin stand.矮桌展腿式: Low table with extended legs. Low waisted table which is transformed into a high table by adding round extensions to the square legs.案: Recessed-leg table.暗抽屉: Hidden drawers, opened by raising from underneath rather than with a pull.凹面: Concave mouldingChinese antique furniture glossary - B拔步床: Alcove [5AlkEJv] bedstead.百宝嵌: One-hundred- precious-material inlay.半槽地: Half-and-half relief. The most common type of relief carving with relief and ground occupying about the same amount of space.半桌: Half table, slightly larger than half an eight Immortals [9ImR:`tel] table.抱鼓: Embracing drums. The drum-shaped elements at the top of a shoe-foot used to hold the spandrels of screens, clothes racks and lampstands in position.抱肩榫: Embracing-shoulder tenon. A mitred joint used in waisted furniture of the corner-leg construc-tion to attach the leg and apron. A concealed triangular-shaped tenon in the apron fits into a mortise in the leg. Simultaneously a concealed long and vertical dovetailed tenon slides into a mortise in the apron.宝塔纹: Pagoda pattern. Term used in Suzhou to describe the natural grain of beech.包镶: Complete veneer, a hardwood veneer covering the entire piece of furniture.宝座: Throne, for emperor or god.宝座式镜台: Throne-type mirror platform.霸王枨: Giant's arm brace, extending from the leg to the underside of the table top at a 45°angle.八仙桌: Eight Immortals table. Square table suitable for seating eight people.边簧: Tongue, on four sides of the floating panel of a table top.边框: Frame.边抹: Square or rectangular frame, consisting of two sides with tenons and two sides with mortises (.榫眼matou).鳔胶: Fish glue, the best cabinetmaker's glue made from the air bladder of the yellow croaker fish.冰盘沿: Ice-plate edge. General term for allinward-sloping mouldings.波纹: Wave lattice. Term found in Yuan ye (The Art of the Garden) and also used for furniture.步步高赶枨: Stepped chair stretchers. Chair stretchers which are arranged with the front one lowest, the side ones higher, and the back one highest, so that the joints do not overlap.Chinese antique furniture glossary - C踩: Lowering the surface of the wood. General term popular among craftsmen.草龙: Curling limbed dragon. Stylized dragon pattern in which the legs and tail turn into curls, derived from the curling tendril design.侧脚: Splayed legs. Term borrowed from ancient architecture (where it describes the splay of pillars at the base) to describe the slight splay of furniture legs at their base.茶几: Tea table. High table derived from the Ming incense table and popular in Qing times.插肩榫: Inserted shoulder joint. One of the essential joints of the recessed-leg construction. The upper part of the leg is split to form two tenoned pieces; the front one is made shoulder-like so that it can be inserted into cavities in the apron. When the joint is in place the surfaces of leg and apron are flush.铲地浮雕: Relief carving on smoothed ground.长凳: Long bench, general term.长方凳: Rectangular stool.缠枝莲纹: Scrolling lotus design.朝衣柜: Court costume cabinet. Compound wardrobe in four parts with side panels. A kind of sijiangui with panels between the doors and outer frames which make the wardrobe wide enough for court costumes to be placed inside without being folded.插屏式座屏风: Removable-panel screen set in a stand, the panel having tongues which can be slid in and out of grooves in the vertical pillars.枨子: Stretcher. Member used mainly to connect two legs.螭虎闹灵芝: Hornless dragons inter-twined with Iingzhi fungus.螭纹: Stylized hornless dragon design.抽屉架: Drawer frame, put inside a cabinet or shelf to hold the drawers.抽屉脸: Front of a drawer.抽屉桌: Narrow table with drawers.橱: Cabinet, southern term for gui, which is more current in the north.穿带: Penetrating transverse brace, which fits into a groove in the floating panel.床: Bed, which in China is used for daytime sitting as well as sleeping. General term for both large and small beds.床围子: Railing on Luohan and canopy bed.床衣镜: Full-length mirror, a type derived from a screen set into a base which became popular during he Qing dynasty.春凳: Large bench. In south China the term refers to a bench for two or more people. Northerners use this term only for a bench for more than two people.攒: To join.攒斗: Latticework. Literally joining the straight and assembling the curved, two methods of making lattice. General term which is a contraction of cuanjie and doucu.攒牙子: Apron or apron and spandrel made by joining the straight.攒边打槽装板: Assembling a mortised-and-tenoned frame with floating panel. This is done by first making a groove all around the inner edge of the frame and then inserting the tongue of the panel.攒边装板围子: Railing of a Luohan bed consisting of frames with inset panels.攒接: Joining the straight. Term used for the method of making a lattice from short straight pieces of wood, placed vertically, horizontally, and sometimes diagonally, and mortised and tenoned together. The resulting lattice may have square or rounded corners.攒接围子: Bed railing made by joining the straight.Chinese antique furniture glossary - D搭板书案: Board and stand desk, consisting of a top resting on two separate stands with drawers which originally were not intended to be used apart from the table.大边: Tenon-bearing frame member. If the frame is rectangular the term refers to the two long pieces with tenons; if square, it indicates the two tenon-bearing members; if round, each piece is called a dabian.大方扛箱: Large square box carried on a pole. Term used in Lu Ban jing (Lu Ban's Classic) for a large picnic box.带: Transverse brace, which always connects the tenon-bearing frame members. General term which includes the penetrating transverse brace and the curved transverse brace.带口: Dovetailed groove for the penetrating trans-verse brace on the back of a floating panel.大理石: Marble, and in particular Dali marble, from Mount Diancang点苍in the Dali District of Yunnan Province.搭脑: Top rail. Highest rail on the back of a chair. The term also refers to the highest horizontal member of any frame, such as a clothes rack or towel rack.挡板: Inset panel on a recessed-leg table with side panels. It usually has openwork carving finished on both sides and sits on a side floor stretcher or base stretchers.倒棱: Rounding the edges. Procedure done to soften the sharp edges of a member.打洼: Concave moulding; also called aomian or wamian.大叶榆: Large leaf elm, a kind of ju wood; also called juyu.凳: Stool. Also wudeng.灯草线: Beading, a rounded moulding.Dengcao 灯草: are rushes used as lampwicks.灯挂椅: Lamp-hanger chair. Side chair wkh a high narrow bacic resembling the bamboo lamp hangers commonly used in south China.雕刻: Carving.吊牌: Metal pull.吊头: Protruding end. The part of the top of recessed-leg table which extends beyond the leg towards the sides.地枨: Lowest stretcher on a cabinet.顶箱: Upper part of a compound wardrobe in four parts.顶箱立柜: Compound wardrobe in four parts, consisting of two lower cabinets and two upper cabinets; also called sijiangui.地平: Platform. Large low wooden platform, usually square, placed in a room to hold furniture. When used for an alcove bed it is slightly larger than the bed. V ery large ones are for a screen and throne.斗拱式: Bracket model, a type of spandrel inspired by architectural members.断纹: Crack patterns, the fortuitous designs formed of small cracks on the surface of aged lacquer.独板面: Solid board top, found most often on narrow rectangular tables with recessed legs, trestle tables, and benches whose top is not made with a frame.独板围子: Solid board railing.都承盘或都丞盘或都盛盘或都珍盘: Desk tray or desk treasure tray, for holding the treasures (the paraphernalia used in calligraphy and painting) on a scholar's desk.墩子: Shoe-foot. Horizontal, usually bridge-shaped, piece of wood supporting a vertical member of a screen, clothes rack or lampstand. It tends to be large and includes the embracing drum.垛边: Frame-thickening inserts. Separate pieces of wood added, mainly for aesthetic reasons, beneath the four sides of a frame of a table top in order to increase its height. They are commonly found on tables and stools, often on the type with leg-encircling stretcher, or with three spandrels to one leg, and a humpbacked stretcher. The inserts are less deep than the frame members and thus give the illusion of a thick frame without having its weight.朵云双螭纹: Cloud surrounded by confronting dragons motif.Chinese antique furniture glossary - E鹅脖: Gooseneck front posts. Curved posts of an armchair which are often made from the same piece of wood as the front legs.二人凳: Two-seater bench.Chinese antique furniture glossary - F方凳: Square stool.方桌: Square table. Term refers to tables of various sizes.风车式: Windmill lattice. Patterned on the shape of the windmill motif used in Chinese paper toys.分心花: Dividing-the-heart motif, the cusp in the middle of an apron.浮雕: Relief carving.浮雕透雕结合: Relief and openwork carving. Term used when both types of decoration occur in a single piece.扶手: Arms of a chair.扶手椅: Armchair.Chinese antique furniture glossary - G盖面: Convex surface or moulding. Term used in Yingzao fashi (Building Standards) and by cabinetmakers today; also called hunmian and tumian.赶枨: Changing the level of stretchers, in order to spread out the mortises. The term usually refers to the lower stretchers of chairs.甘蔗床: Sugar-cane squeezer.高拱罗锅枨: High humpbacked stretcher. Stretcher which often appears on the type of table with three spandrels to one leg and on rectangular tables with recessed legs.高面盆架: Washbasin stand with towel rack. The two back legs are extended to form the towelrack.高束腰: High waist. On some examples the influence of a Buddhist pedestal is still discernible.高桌: High table.格肩: Mitre; single or double.格肩榫: Double-mitred tenon.供案: Recessed-leg altar table.供桌: Corner-leg altar table.勾挂垫榫: Hook-and-plug tenon joint, used to attach a giant's arm brace to the leg. The slightly hooked tenon is secured in the mortise by a small block of wood placed beneath it.管脚枨: Base stretcher, a bar placed just above the feet of a piece of furniture to hold the legs in position.官帽椅: Official's hat armchair. Term includes the official's hat armchair with four protruding ends and the southern official's hat armchair. See also nanguanmaoyi.官皮箱: Dressing case, usually having a base with drawers, which are often behind doors, and a top consisting of a lidded tray.挂销: Hanger tenon. Dovetail-shaped tenon on the top of a leg on which to hang the apron, usually as long as the apron.挂牙: Hanging spandrel. Spandrel whose length is greater than its width, and which narrows towards its lower edge.挂檐: Canopy lattice, around the top of a canopy bed.鼓钉: Bosses, the nail motifs on a drum stool.鼓墩: Drum stool; also called zuodun.柜: Cabinet, northern term for chu, which is more current in the south.柜帮: Side of a cabinet. Craftsmen's term.柜帽: Cabinet's cap, the top of a round-corner cabinet which protrudes beyond the side posts to allow for the wood hinged construction and which usually has rounded edges.鬼面: Devil's face. Term used in Gegu yaolun (The Essential Criteria of Antiquities) to describe a particular formation in the grain of huanghuali wood.柜塞: One-drawer coffer, literally the plug between two cabinets, because the coffer is often placed between a pair of cabinets or compound wardrobes in four parts.柜膛: Ridden compartment, occupying the space below the door and above the bottom board of a cabinet.滚凳: Roller stool. Stool with movable rollers, used to exercise the feet.裹腿枨: Leg-encircling stretcher. Stretcher continuing around the entire circumference of a piece, passing over the outside edges of the legs.裹腿做: Leg-encircling.鼓腿: Bulging leg.鼓腿彭牙Convex apron and bulging leg ending in a horse-hoof foot. Term used by Beijing cabinetmakers and in the Qing Regulations.Chinese antique furniture glossary - H海南檀: Daltergia hainanensis, the scientific name previously given to huanghuali wood.海棠式: Begonia-shaped.耗子尾: Upward-tapering member, such as the side posts of an armchair.横枨: Side stretcher, on rectangular tables.横拐子: Short horizontal members on the base of a washbasin stand.合页: Metal hinge.荷叶托: Lotus-leaf support, often occurring on mirror stands.画案: Recessed-leg painting table. Large, wide rectangular table without drawers.花梨: Huali wood, Ormosia henryi. One of the main hardwoods used for furniture after the mid Qing dynasty.花榈: Huali wood. Pre-Ming way of writing the term which at that time referred mainly tohuanghuali wood.黄花梨: Huanghuali wood, Dalbergia odorifera, the principal hardwood used for furniture from mid Ming until the first part of the Qing dynasty.黄杨: Boxwood, Buxus microphylia, a dense yellowish wood.画桌: Corner-leg painting table, a large, wide rectangular table without drawers.胡床: Barbarian seat. Earliest name for a cross-legged stool. It was imported from the west in the Eastern Han and is the ancestor of the folding stool and the folding armchair.回纹: Angular spirals, based on a motif resembling the archaic form of the character hui , repeated continuously.混面: Convex surface or moulding. Term used in Yingzao fashi (Building Standards) and by cabinetmakers today. Also called gaimian and tumian.活销: Loose tenon.护眼线: Hole-protecting coin, a round coin-shaped metal disc used between the metal pivot and the surface of a piece of furniture as a protective device device against abrasion.Chinese antique furniture glossary - J几: Narrow waistless table, each side of which usually consists of a board meeting the top at right angles.嫁底: Trousseau coffer, a common name for a coffer since a bride's trousseau was placed in it, tied with red strings, and carried to her new home.架格: Shelf; also屉板.架几案: Trestle table. Long table supported by two separate stands.架几书案: Wide trestle writing table on stands with drawers.降香黄檀: Huanghuali wood, Dalbergia odorifera, new name given by Cheng Junqing.降真香: Truth-bringing incense. A type of incense with which huanghuali wood is often compared in old texts.剑脊棱: Sword-ridge moulding. Moulding which slopes downwards from a central ridge. Lu Ban jing (Lu Ban's Classic) calls it jianjixian.践金: Gold designs hammered into iron.践银: Silver designs hammered into iron.脚床: Footstool. Song dynasty name for the footstool in front of chairs and beds. Also jiaota and tachuang.交圈: Continuous flow. The continuous connec-tion (upwards, downwards, sideways) of mouldings or the surfaces of different members in order to give the piece of furniture a unified appearance. This term is also used by architects and other craftsmen, especially for four-sided and curved forms.脚踏: Footstool. Also jiaochuang and tachuang.交杌: Folding stool; most commonly mazha.角牙: Spandrel.交椅: Folding chair.假三上: Pseudo thrice attached. See zhenliangshang.架子床: Canopy bed. : ichi wood. Hardwood with purplish-brown patterns, belonging to the Ormosia family.jichimu: Chicken-wing wood, another name for jichi wood接桌: Extension table. When one Eight Immortals table is not enough, a table slightly larger than half its size, similar to a half table, is added to extend it.锦地浮雕: Relief carving on diaper ground.镜架: Mirror stand.镜台: Mirror platform.镜箱: Mirror box.井字棂格: Well lattice. Lattice of a design centred around the character jing井(well), and its variations.金属饰件: Metalwork ornaments.几腿架格: Shelf supported by two separate stands.臼窝: Door pivot mortise.酒桌: Wine table. Small rectangular table used for wine and food.吉祥草: Lucky grass. Leaves forming a round motif which is often found on a decorative strut.卷草纹: Curling tendril design.椐木: Ju wood, ancient simplifled form of ju Zelkova schneideriana, one of the semi-hard furniture woods imported in the Ming dynasty; known as southern elm in north China.榉榆: Large leaf elm, a kind ofju wood; also called dayeyu-- 作者：天外飞仙-- 发布时间：2008-11-19 9:22:51-- 古典家具中文术语和英文解释矮老: Pillar-shaped strut.矮面盆架: Washbasin stand.矮桌展腿式: Low table with extended legs. Low waisted tablewhich is transformed into a high table by adding round extensionsto the square legs.案: Recessed-leg table.暗抽屉: Hidden drawers, opened by raising from underneathrather than with a pull.凹面: Concave moulding拔步床: Alcove [5AlkEJv] bedstead.百宝嵌: One-hundred- precious-material inlay.半槽地: Half-and-half relief. The most common type of relief carving with relief and ground occupying about the same amount of space.半桌: Half table, slightly larger than half an eight Immortals [9ImR:`tel] table. 抱鼓: Embracing drums. The drum-shaped elements at the top of a shoe-foot u sed to hold the spandrels of screens,clothes racks and lampstands in position.抱肩榫: Embracing-shoulder tenon. A mitred joint used in waisted furniture of t he corner-leg construc-tion to attach the leg and apron. A concealedtriangular-shaped tenon in the apron fits into amortise in the leg. Simultaneously aconcealed long and vertical dovetailed tenon slides into a mortise in the apron. 宝塔纹: Pagoda pattern. Term used in Suzhou to describe the natural grain of b eech.包镶: Complete veneer, a hardwood veneer covering the entire piece of furnitur e.宝座: Throne, for emperor or god.宝座式镜台: Throne-type mirror platform.霸王枨: Giant\'s arm brace, extending from the leg to the underside of the tabl e top at a 45°angle.八仙桌: Eight Immortals table. Square table suitable for seating eight people.边簧: Tongue, on four sides of the floating panel of a table top.边框: Frame.边抹: Square or rectangular frame, consisting of two sides with tenons and two sides with mortises (.榫眼matou).鳔胶: Fish glue, the best cabinetmaker\'s glue made from the air bladder of th e yellow croaker fish. 冰盘沿: Ice-plate edge. General term for allinward-sloping mouldings.波纹: Wave lattice. Term found in Yuan ye (The Art of the Garden) and also us ed for furniture.步步高赶枨: Stepped chair stretchers. Chair stretchers which are arranged with the front one lowest, the side ones higher, and the back one highest, so that the joints do not overlap.踩: Lowering the surface of the wood. General term popular among craftsmen. 草龙: Curling limbed dragon. Stylized dragon pattern in which the legs and tail turn into curls, derived from the curling tendril design.侧脚: Splayed legs. Term borrowed from ancient architecture (where it describe s the splay of pillars at the base) to describe the slight splay of furniture legs at their base.茶几: Tea table. High table derived from the Ming incense table and popular in Qing times.插肩榫: Inserted shoulder joint. One of the essential joints of the recessed-leg construction. The upper part of the leg is split to form two tenoned pieces; th e front one is made shoulder-like so that it can be inserted into cavities in th e apron. When the joint is in place the surfaces of leg and apron are flush.铲地浮雕: Relief carving on smoothed ground.长凳: Long bench, general term.长方凳: Rectangular stool.缠枝莲纹: Scrolling lotus design.朝衣柜: Court costume cabinet. Compound wardrobe in four parts with side pan els. A kind of sijiangui with panels between the doors and outer frames which make the wardrobe wide enough for court costumes to be placed inside with out being folded.插屏式座屏风: Removable-panel screen set in a stand, the panel having tongues which can be slid in and out of grooves in the vertical pillars.枨子: Stretcher. Member used mainly to connect two legs.螭虎闹灵芝: Hornless dragons inter-twined with Iingzhi fungus.螭纹: Stylized hornless dragon design.抽屉架: Drawer frame, put inside a cabinet or shelf to hold the drawers.抽屉脸: Front of a drawer.抽屉桌: Narrow table with drawers.橱: Cabinet, southern term for gui, which is more current in the north.穿带: Penetrating transverse brace, which fits into a groove in the floating pan el.床: Bed, which in China is used for daytime sitting as well as sleeping. General term for both large and small beds.床围子: Railing on Luohan and canopy bed.床衣镜: Full-length mirror, a type derived from a screen set into a base which b ecame popular during he Qing dynasty.春凳: Large bench. In south China the term refers to a bench for two or more people. Northerners use this term only for a bench for more than two people. 攒: To join.攒斗: Latticework. Literally joining the straight and assembling the curved, two methods of making lattice. General term which is a contraction of cuanjie an d doucu.攒牙子: Apron or apron and spandrel made by joining the straight.攒边打槽装板: Assembling a mortised-and-tenoned frame with floating panel. This is done by first making a groove all around the inner edge of the frame and then inserting the tongue of the panel.攒边装板围子: Railing of a Luohan bed consisting of frames with inset panels.攒接: Joining the straight. Term used for the method of making a lattice from s hort straight pieces of wood, placed vertically, horizontally, and sometimes dia gonally, and mortised and tenoned together. The resulting lattice may have sq uare or rounded corners.攒接围子: Bed railing made by joining the straight.搭板书案: Board and stand desk, consisting of a top resting on two separate sta nds with drawers which originally were not intended to be used apart from th e table.大边: Tenon-bearing frame member. If the frame is rectangular the term refers to the two long pieces with tenons; if square, it indicates the two tenon-bear ing members; if round, each piece is called a dabian.大方扛箱: Large square box carried on a pole. Term used in Lu Ban jing (Lu Ban \'s Classic) for a large picnic box.带: Transverse brace, which always connects the tenon-bearing frame member s. General term which includes the penetrating transverse brace and the curve d transverse brace.带口: Dovetailed groove for the penetrating trans-verse brace on the back of a floating panel.大理石: Marble, and in particular Dali marble, from Mount Diancang点苍in the D ali District of Yunnan Province.搭脑: Top rail. Highest rail on the back of a chair. The term also refers to the highest horizontal member of any frame, such as a clothes rack or towel rack. 挡板: Inset panel on a recessed-leg table with side panels. It usually has open work carving finished on both sides and sits on a side floor stretcher or base stretchers.倒棱: Rounding the edges. Procedure done to soften the sharp edges of a mem ber.打洼: Concave moulding; also called aomian or wamian.大叶榆: Large leaf elm, a kind of ju wood; also called juyu.凳: Stool. Also wudeng.灯草线: Beading, a rounded moulding.Dengcao 灯草: are rushes used as lampwicks.灯挂椅: Lamp-hanger chair. Side chair wkh a high narrow bacic resembling the bamboo lamp hangers commonly used in south China.雕刻: Carving.吊牌: Metal pull.吊头: Protruding end. The part of the top of recessed-leg table which extends b eyond the leg towards the sides.地枨: Lowest stretcher on a cabinet.顶箱: Upper part of a compound wardrobe in four parts.顶箱立柜: Compound wardrobe in four parts, consisting of two lower cabinets a nd two upper cabinets; also called sijiangui.地平: Platform. Large low wooden platform, usually square, placed in a room t o hold furniture. When used for an alcove bed it is slightly larger than the be d. Very large ones are for a screen and throne.斗: Assembly of more than two members.斗柏楠: Burl of nan wood; also toubainan, the term used in Gegu yaolun (The E ssential Criteria of Antiquities).斗簇: Assembling the curved, a term for the method of making a lattice unit fr om large or small curved pieces of wood joined together by loose tenons.斗簇围子: Luohan bed railing lattice made by assembling the curved; or Luohan bed railing lattice made by assembling the curved together with joining the st raight.斗拱式: Bracket model, a type of spandrel inspired by architectural members.断纹: Crack patterns, the fortuitous designs formed of small cracks on the surf ace of aged lacquer.独板面: Solid board top, found most often on narrow rectangular tables with re cessed legs, trestle tables, and benches whose top is not made with a frame. 独板围子: Solid board railing.都承盘或都丞盘或都盛盘或都珍盘: Desk tray or desk treasure tray, for holding th e treasures (the paraphernalia used in calligraphy and painting) on a scholar\' s desk.墩子: Shoe-foot. Horizontal, usually bridge-shaped, piece of wood supporting a vertical member of a screen, clothes rack or lampstand. It tends to be large a nd includes the embracing drum.垛边: Frame-thickening inserts. Separate pieces of wood added, mainly for aest hetic reasons, beneath the four sides of a frame of a table top in order to incr ease its height. They are commonly found on tables and stools, often on the t ype with leg-encircling stretcher, or with three spandrels to one leg, and a humpbacked stretcher. The inserts are less deep than the frame members and th us give the illusion of a thick frame without having its weight.朵云双螭纹: Cloud surrounded by confronting dragons motif.鹅脖: Gooseneck front posts. Curved posts of an armchair which are often mad e from the same piece of wood as the front legs.二人凳: Two-seater bench.方凳: Square stool.方角柜: Square-corner cabinet. Usually a metal hinged cabinet with very little o r no splay, and in which each of the four corners forms a right angle.方桌: Square table. Term refers to tables of various sizes.风车式: Windmill lattice. Patterned on the shape of the windmill motif used in C hinese paper toys.分心花: Dividing-the-heart motif, the cusp in the middle of an apron.浮雕: Relief carving.浮雕透雕结合: Relief and openwork carving. Term used when both types of decor ation occur in a single piece.扶手: Arms of a chair.扶手椅: Armchair.盖面: Convex surface or moulding. Term used in Yingzao fashi (Building Standa rds) and by cabinetmakers today; also called hunmian and tumian.赶枨: Changing the level of stretchers, in order to spread out the mortises. The term usually refers to the lower stretchers of chairs.甘蔗床: Sugar-cane squeezer.高拱罗锅枨: High humpbacked stretcher. Stretcher which often appears on the ty pe of table with three spandrels to one leg and on rectangular tables with rec essed legs.高面盆架: Washbasin stand with towel rack. The two back legs are extended to form the towel rack.高束腰: High waist. On some examples the influence of a Buddhist pedestal is s till discernible.高桌: High table.格肩: Mitre; single or double.格肩榫: Double-mitred tenon.供案: Recessed-leg altar table.供桌: Corner-leg altar table.勾挂垫榫: Hook-and-plug tenon joint, used to attach a giant\'s arm brace to the leg. The slightly hooked tenon is secured in the mortise by a small block of wood placed beneath it.瓜棱线: Melon-shaped moulding, a ridge-shaped moulding used on legs. (When the leg is seen in section, it resembles the section of a fluted melon.) It is oft en found on waistless square tables and round-corner cabinets. Also called甜瓜棱.管脚枨: Base stretcher, a bar placed just above the feet of a piece of furniture to hold the legs in position.官帽椅: Official\'s hat armchair. Term includes the official\'s hat armchair with four protruding ends and the southern official\'s hat armchair. See also nangu anmaoyi.官皮箱: Dressing case, usually having a base with drawers, which are often beh ind doors, and a top consisting of a lidded tray.挂销: Hanger tenon. Dovetail-shaped tenon on the top of a leg on which to han g the apron, usually as long as the apron.挂牙: Hanging spandrel. Spandrel whose length is greater than its width, and which narrows towards its lower edge.挂檐: Canopy lattice, around the top of a canopy bed.鼓钉: Bosses, the nail motifs on a drum stool.鼓墩: Drum stool; also called zuodun.柜: Cabinet, northern term for chu, which is more current in the south.柜帮: Side of a cabinet. Craftsmen\'s term.柜帽: Cabinet\'s cap, the top of a round-corner cabinet which protrudes beyond the side posts to allow for the wood hinged construction and which usually h as rounded edges.鬼面: Devil\'s face. Term used in Gegu yaolun (The Essential Criteria of Antiqui ties) to describe a particular formation in the grain of huanghuali wood.柜塞: One-drawer coffer, literally the plug between two cabinets, because the c offer is often placed between a pair of cabinets or compound wardrobes in fo ur parts.柜膛: Ridden compartment, occupying the space below the door and above the bottom board of a cabinet.滚凳: Roller stool. Stool with movable rollers, used to exercise the feet.裹腿枨: Leg-encircling stretcher. Stretcher continuing around the entire circumfe rence of a piece, passing over the outside edges of the legs.裹腿做: Leg-encircling.鼓腿: Bulging leg.鼓腿彭牙Convex apron and bulging leg ending in a horse-hoof foot. Term used by Beijing cabinetmakers and in the Qing Regulations.海南檀: Daltergia hainanensis, the scientific name previously given to huanghua li wood.海棠式: Begonia-shaped.耗子尾: Upward-tapering member, such as the side posts of an armchair.横枨: Side stretcher, on rectangular tables.横拐子: Short horizontal members on the base of a washbasin stand.合页: Metal hinge.荷叶托: Lotus-leaf support, often occurring on mirror stands.红木：Hong wood. There are two kinds: old hong wood was the principal hardw ood used by furniture makers from mid Qing times to the first quarter of the 20th century, and new hong wood is one of the main hardwoods used by furn iture factories today.画案: Recessed-leg painting table. Large, wide rectangular table without drawer。

红木专业术语表挤楔楔是一种-头宽厚，一头窄薄的三角型木片，将其打入榫卯之间，使二者结合严密，榫卯结合时，榫的尺寸要小于眼，二者之间的缝隙则须由挤楔备严，以使之坚固。

挤楔兼有调整部件相关位置的作用。

魔术从一件损坏了的，很脏的，松开了的或畸形的家具到恢复到它原来的面目，完整的形状并给予一个崭新的生命，这整个过程就叫做魔术。

这不仅需要用心去理解，还需要由世代相传的一流手艺。

这是古董家具的精髓所在。

几案人们常把几案并称，是因为二者在形式和用途上难以划出截然不同的界限，几是古代人们坐时依凭的家具，案是人们进食、读书写字时使用的家具，其形式早已具备，而几案的名称则是后来才有的。

关于几和案的实物，从考古发掘情况看，自战国至汉魏的墓葬中，几乎每座都有出土，有铜器、漆器、陶器等多种质地。

从种类上来分，案的种类有食案、书案、奏案、毡案、欹案。

几的种类有宴几、凭几、炕几、香几、蝶几、花几、茶几、案头几。

几案的样式之多，且又各有各个用途，在厅堂殿阁的布置上，和其他家具一样，也各有其特定的规范。

椅凳我国古代椅子出现在汉代，它的前身是汉代北方传入的胡床，发展到南北朝时期，已为常见之物。

唐以后，椅子才从胡床的名称中分离出来，直呼为椅子。

宋代椅子更为普遍。

在宫廷中，所使用的椅子都是极为华丽的。

宋代帝后像中描绘的椅子都有用彩漆描绘的花纹，结构也趋于合理。

宋代还流行一种圈背交椅。

交椅又名“太师椅”，在家具种类中，也是唯一的椅官衔命名的椅子。

所谓交椅，是指前后两腿交叉，交接点作轴，可以折叠的椅子。

北方民族最先使用，其特点十分适合游牧生活的需要。

交椅在元代家具中地位较高，只有地位较高和有钱有势的人家才有，大多设在厅堂供主客享用，妇女和下人只能坐圆板凳和马闸。

到了明代，椅子的形式已很多，如宝椅、交椅、圈椅、官帽椅、靠背椅、玫瑰椅等。

凳，最早并不是我们今天坐的凳子，它是专指蹬具，相当于脚踏。

它成为坐具，也是汉代以后的事。

凳的形式有方圆两种，凳面的板心，也有许多花样，有影木心者，有各种硬木心者，有木框漆心者，还有藤心，大理石心者。

红木古典家具行业你不得不知的行话典当行有行话，扒手圈有行话，股市有行话，相声界有行话，京剧行有行话，可以说每一个圈子都有自己特定的行话。

行话，顾名思义就是某一行内的特定语言，只有熟悉了解这个行的才会说能懂。

行话多少显得有点儿江湖味儿，行内能听懂，行外听不懂。

在古玩行里资深的老藏友、老玩家动辄冒出一两句隐语行话，让新涉足的藏友不明就里，知木网小编现将古玩行业的部分行话整理如下，以飨藏友。

行货：一般指“大路货儿”，也指艺术家或工匠为应付市场而批量生产的不精美的艺术品。

拿分：指古玩商人收购的古玩商品，能获得较高的利润。

也指“快货儿”。

输：指亏本。

这正反映出古玩商人的经营具有很大的赌博性。

买一件古玩，到手后卖不出去，或者要赔本亏损，都叫“输”。

古玩商人怕输，还怕丢人现眼，输钱不落好手。

臭：顾名思义，指腐烂、人人讨厌的东西。

不过，臭是有过程的，就指本来是“香饽饽”的东西，却放陈了，或者日久卖不出去，偏偏让许多古玩商贩拿出去过手，变成任人皆知，谁也不想买的货色(因为从购买心理讲，凡是经过多人之手而无人购买的东西，都认为是有毛病或问题，从而犹豫不前，不想购买。

)，恰恰此时卖主绷不住了，越卖价格越低，也就越没人买了。

这就是古玩商人把东西卖臭了。

所以，古玩商人在做生意时都喜欢对“没见过天儿”的古玩伸手。

活拿：一名古玩商人从另一古玩商人手里拿走一件商品，当时不付款，这叫“活拿”。

“活拿”的规矩是价位讲好了，只能多卖钱，不能少卖，至少保底。

言必有信。

价位比买断要高，一般说，不再给活拿的人付手续费或跑道费，但活拿的人可以在“活拿”时的价格上加价，叫“戴帽儿”，多卖归活拿的人，原货主不问。

提：古玩商人对帮助自己卖货的人提出一成(百分之十)做为酬劳金，叫“提一点”，另有规定的不算。

通常说提，就是一成。

对导游、翻译，可另行规定。

古玩商人对这一做法不能装傻。

不然帮你卖货的人就没有积极性了。

匀：在古玩行买东西不叫买叫匀。

“这幅字您能匀给我吗?”意为“能将这幅字卖给我吗?”让：古玩行卖东西不叫卖，叫让。

古典家具中常见名称、行话及术语人常说：“读书百遍，其义自现。

”观古典家具也是如此，初见只觉此物甚美，却品不出多少味儿来，然多看常看之后，那一棱一角、一线一面所展现出来的韵味让人心动沉迷，越觉其魅力十足。

欣赏古典家具之美时，人们常被那专业术语搞得一知半解，部件名称与工艺术语常常混淆不清，于是欣赏只是停留在表面，只有了解地越多，才越知其深度。

A矮老：短柱，多用在枨子和它的上部构件之间。

暗抽屉：不安拉手，外表不明显，貌似装板的抽屉。

B霸王枨：安在腿足上部内侧的斜枨，下端用勾挂垫榫与腿足结合，上端承接面板下的穿带。

百宝嵌：用多种珍贵物料造成的花纹镶嵌，多施之于硬木家具或漆木器。

边抹：大边与抹头合称边抹，方形的及长方形的边框由此二者构成。

边线：沿着构件的边缘造出高起的阳线或踩下去的平线或阴线。

冰盘沿：指边框外缘里面各种上舒下敛的线脚。

步步高赶枨：椅下分散枨子交接点的造法之一，踏脚枨最低，两侧枨子稍高，后枨最高。

步步紧：棂格的造法之一。

方格逐步向中心收缩，常见于明清建筑的支摘窗及槅扇。

霸王枨步步高赶枨C踩：《则例》及北京匠师用语，可上溯到宋《营造法式》的“采”，有减低或造出之意。

侧脚：古建筑用语，相当于北京匠师所谓的“挓”，言家具腿足下端向外挓开。

铲地：用光地作地子的浮雕花纹，光地需用铲刀铲出。

枨子：用在腿足之间的联结构件。

抽屉架：设在柜内或架格上用以支架抽屉的装置。

抽屉脸：抽屉正面外露的部分，如人的脸面。

穿带：贯穿面心背面、出榫与大边的榫眼结合的木条。

穿销：木销贯穿构件的里皮，出榫与另一构件的榫眼结合，常在牙条上使用。

攒边做：大边出榫，抹头凿眼，攒边成框的造法。

攒斗：攒接与斗簇两种造法的合称。

攒角牙：用攒接方法造成的角牙。

攒接：用纵横或斜直的短材，经过榫卯攒接拍合，造成各种透空图案。

攒框：用攒边方法造成的边框。

攒牙头：用攒接的方法造成的透空牙头。

攒牙子：用攒接的方法造成的透空牙子。

攒牙子攒接攒牙头D搭脑：椅子后背最上的一根横木，因可供倚搭头脑后部而得名。

【收藏】红木家具术语一览表什么是术语？术语是通过语音或文字来表达或限定科学概念的约定性语言符号，是思想和认识交流的工具。

术语可以说是一扇门，推开它，你才能看见里面的内容。

今天，我们一起来推开红木家具的大门，走进复古典雅的红木家具大礼堂。

下面，让我们一起了解一下红木家具的术语吧！搭脑明清家具部件名称，椅子、衣架等位于家具最上的横梁叫“搭脑”。

如明式椅子中最典型的搭脑有马鞍式、挖油盏头式、圆便直式、骆驼背式和天宫翅式等。

束腰明清家具部件名称，原是须弥座上枭与下枭之间的部分，在家具上指面框和牙条之间缩进的部，即在家具面沿下作一道向内收缩、长度小于面沿和牙条的腰线。

束腰有高束腰和低束腰之分，束腰线也有直束腰和打洼束腰之分。

束腰是我国传统家具造型的典型式样之一。

牙子明清家具部件名称，一般指面框下设置连接两腿之前的部件，即家具的立木与横木的交角处采用的类似建筑中替木的构件，有束腰的家具则在束腰以下部位的主要连接部件。

在家具中，牙子一方面起到了支撑重量、加强牢固的作用，另一方面，它又具有极其丰富多彩的装饰功能。

牙子根据其所处的部位与形制大致可分为以下几类，一是横向较长的牙条，如在桌面与腿的交角处使用的牙子。

二是一种施在角上的短小花牙叫做牙头，一般有云纹、棂格、卷草、龙凤等几种图案。

三是用在衣架、盆架上部搭脑两侧的挂牙，巾架中间的托角牙子和下端的站牙子，一般都采用透雕的方式，图案极其丰富精美，龙纹、卷草纹、灵芝纹、云纹等各种美丽的图案都可以大胆地使用，牙子在这里展示了极致的美丽。

另外，还有一种非常特殊的“一腿三牙”的做法，就是腿子的正面与侧面，腿与台面的角上，各有一个牙子，所以叫做“一腿三牙”，这也是牙子唯一可以充作主角的地方吧。

落膛是现代词，是一个专有名词，指的是闷户柜、圆角柜等家具抽屉或门下面的空间。

因不易被发现，可用于存放一些比较贵重的物品。

其主要是用在桌椅类家具中连接脚柱的横枨,其连接家具脚的横枨中间高，两边低切中间圆拱，形似罗锅状。

缠柱造名词解释
缠柱造是一种古建筑雕刻类艺术术语，源自中国古代建筑风格名词，指的是在红木家具上的柱体或者器物的通身上雕刻出盘旋型的各种花纹，力求形体曲美流畅，展示出华美且复杂的视觉效果。

通常，缠柱的雕刻更多的是象征着吉祥、富贵的图案以表示主人的尊贵身份或者祈福寓意。

缠柱生成于明清时期，主要以龙、凤、牡丹、荷花等图案为主，以其精美华丽斑斓的色彩，以及极具动感的浮雕形式，来提现出家具或建筑的皇家气息。

这种
装饰形式通常被应用于皇朝御用之家具或者寺庙，皇宫中的建筑物上。

而缠柱造的设计手法在古代是极高级别的艺术。

它需要有精湛的雕刻技艺、丰富的艺术想象力和敏锐的观察力，古代的工匠们通过巧妙地设计，栩栩如生地展现出人物、动物和植物的形态和特点，为古代宫殿壮丽磅礴的气势再添华丽。

缠柱造的设计和技法，在当代家具装饰设计中仍然有着广泛的应用。

它将古代工匠们的湖心智慧和艺术才能体现出来，是古代中国文化艺术的瑰宝。

在许多现
代家具设计中，我们也能看到缠柱造的影子，如螭吻以及九龙壁等典型元素，都让现代人得以窥见古代工匠们非凡的制作技艺和非凡的艺术视野。

红木介绍文案1.红木是一种优秀的家具材料，因其稀有性而备受重视。

2.红木的颜色一般为深红色，是一种高贵、典雅的材料。

3.红木材料坚硬耐用，保存时间长，可谓是一种优秀的工艺品材料。

4.在古籍中，红木被称为“国色天香”，是古代帝王爱好的高贵材料。

5.红色是中国传统文化中的吉祥颜色之一，因此红木被赋予了吉祥、祥瑞的寓意。

6.由于红木材料精良，红木家具的产量很小，价格也相对较高。

7.红木家具包括桌椅、床铺、柜子等，这些优美、精致的家具代表了中国的家居文化。

8.红木衣柜为家居的收纳提供了很好的解决方案。

9.红木床为家居的睡眠提供了很好的保障和舒适度。

10.红木桌椅作为餐厅和客厅的中心家具代表，给人们带来优雅的用餐和休闲体验。

11.红木材料的稀有性决定了它是一种可持续发展的资源。

12.红木家具制作需要经过多道工序，体现了中国传统的工艺技术和文化精髓。

13.红木家具是中国文化的重要组成部分，代表着传统的美学理念和价值观。

14.红木家具可以根据个人的喜好进行个性化的设计和定制，从而满足不同客户的需求。

15.红木材质的唯美、典雅，与中国传统文化相辅相成，并且可以与现代家居风格相结合。

16.红木家具制造过程考虑到了环保，避免了对环境的破坏。

17.红木家具的造价相对较高，但是其价值和收藏价值也相对较高。

18.红木桌椅、沙发等家具是企业订制办公室家具的理想选择。

19.红木家具制造过程经常使用手工雕刻这种工艺，使得每一个家具都是独一无二的。

20.在中国史上，红木材料通常被用来制作皇室宫殿及其家具，因此不可多得。

21.每一块红木材料都是独一无二的，因此可以作为一个家庭的传家宝，代代相传。

22.红木家具可以为家居营造出浓郁的文化氛围，增强家居的文化内涵。

23.红木家具在市场上备受欢迎，是一种高端消费品。

24.红木家具的经典、典雅是不随时间变化的，一直都是标志着高贵气质的标准。