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LongSentencesTranslationLong Sentences TranslationI Long Sentences Formation:II Procedure for Long Sentences TranslationExample: P. 50 L.2-5 Unit Three1. To grasp the stem of the Sentence2. To analyze clearly the grammatical structure and especially clarify the references of the Prons3. To make all words and phrases understood by consulting dictionaries, etc4. To translate the sentence according to the normal order5. To rearrange the order of the version according to the Chinese language feature6. To polish and check the versionIII Specific Techniques in Long Sentences Translation1.嵌入法(embedding)：指翻译时把后置修饰语（如定语从句等）放在它原来所修饰的中心词（先行词）前。
E.g.: This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.2. 切分法(cutting)：把修饰成分（如定语从句等）独立处理，即把它和先行词分开，然后根据它与上下文的逻辑关系调整其位置。
KEYUnit 11.3.2 实验案例1-2 文章理解（T1）(1) Reading Skills1）Chinese parents assume strength, not fragility. They believe their child will be strong enough to take the shaming and to improve from it.2) Most westerners don’t have the same view of children being permanently indebted to their parents.3) Western parents try to respect their children’s individuality, encouraging them pursue their true passions, supporting their choices, and providing positive reinforcement and nurturing environment.(2) Multiple Choices1) D 2) C 3) B 4) D 5) A(3) True or False1.T This often requires fortitude on the part of the parents because the child will resist; thingsare the hardest at the beginning, which is where Western parents tend to give up.2.T Tenacious practice, practice, practice is crucial for excellence; rote repetition is underratedin America.3. F.I felt terrible and deeply ashamed of what I had done. But it didn't damage my self-esteemor anything like that.4.F By contrast, Western parents have to struggle with their own conflicted feelings aboutachievement, and try to persuade themselves that they're not disappointed about how their kids turned out.5.T In other words, Western parents are concerned about their children's psyches. Chineseparents aren't. They assume strength, not fragility, and as a result they behave very differently.6.F Second, Chinese parents believe that their kids owe them everything. The reason for this is alittle unclear, but it's probably a combination of Confucian filial piety and the fact that the parents have sacrificed and done so much for their children.7.T My husband, Jed, actually has the opposite view. "Children don't choose their parents," heonce said to me.8.T Third, Chinese parents believe that they know what is best for their children and thereforeoverride all of their children's own desires and preferences. That's why Chinese daughters can't have boyfriends in high school and why Chinese kids can't go to sleepaway camp.9.F For their part, many Chinese secretly believe that they care more about their children and arewilling to sacrifice much more for them than Westerners, who seem perfectly content to let their children turn out badly. I think it's a misunderstanding on both sides.10.F I think it's a misunderstanding on both sides. All decent parents want to do what's best fortheir children. The Chinese just have a totally different idea of how to do that.1.3.3实验案例1-3词汇学习（T1）(1) Blank Filling1) override 2)assume3) mediocre 4) inadequate 5) aptitude6) disapproval 7)devastated8) indebted 9) get away with 10) portrays(2) Translation1) a virtuous circle 2) rote repetition3) get away with 4) legally actionable5) a mediocre performance 6) gasp in horror7) schedule a meeting 8) filial piety9) pursue one’s passions 10) repay parents1.3.4 实验案例1-4 句型掌握（T1）(1) Sentence Translation1) 相反，西方父母需要小心翼翼地提及这个话题，从“健康”的角度谈起而且绝不能提“肥”这个字儿。
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】第13章Translation of Long Sentences（长句译法）13.1 复习笔记Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.英语长句的翻译不仅涉及复杂的翻译技巧，还要求对其句法结构和逻辑顺序进⾏细致的分析。
⼀、Features of Long English Sentences（英语长句的特点）English speakers build up long sentences in an “architectural style”. They pay more attention to construct “spatial structure”, often regardless of temporal sequences. It seems to us Chinese that they build basic structures in five patterns, namely, S + V, S + V + P, S + V + O, S + V + o + O, and S + V + O + C as mainstays, with words, phrases, or clauses as members of sentences, then join directly or indirectly, various kinds of nexuses composed of words ,phrases, or clauses as modifiers ,to the mainstays of the basic structures. Here, among other things, English inflection and function words play important roles in connecting various parts grammatically and in showing their relations logically.英语长句是按照“楼房建筑法”组织起来的：主⼲是五种句⼦结构，即主＋谓，主＋系＋表，主＋谓＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋补；枝叶是由词语、词组、从句等组成的各种各样的关系。
LONG SENTENCE TRANSLATION1. What is long sentence?Long sentence or sprawl sentence is a sentence made up of many clauses with many subordination and coordination.2. The causes of long sentence:The causes of long sentences: 1. Modifiers （修饰成分）; 2. Coordination（并列成分）; 3. Subordination（主从关系）.一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
3. How to analyze the long sentence:A. To find out the main structure of whole sentence and identify the subject, predicate and object.B. To find all the V-structure and subordinate clauses.C. To analyze the functions of all the clauses, such as nominal clauses, adverbial clauses, attributive clause and etc.D. Special attention given to some idioms.I. 顺序译法例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
Chapter 8Long Sentences in E-C TranslationTeaching aim: grasp the translation techniques of long sentences in E-CTeaching emphasis: the correct comprehension of the original and adequate representationTeaching references:Teaching method: analysis and practiceTeaching time: 2 periodsThe prerequisites for the correct handling of long and complex sentences in English-Chinese translation lie in the translator’s correct comprehension of the original and, in his/her capacity for adequate representation of the thought of the author in the language to be translated into. Correct comprehension, therefore, is always the first and foremost step; and the dialectical unity of faithfulness and smoothness is always what we should strive to achieve.(a). what the author is driving at;(b). what his argument or views are, and what “long sequence” there is in the original;(c). what grammatical relations there are among the three, four, five, or even more“modifiers” in the long sentence to be translated.1. Translation skills:1. Embedding(内嵌法)The so-called embedding means placing the modifiers (including phrases and clauses) before the word being modified, thus the modifiers are embedded in the Chinese sentences. The pre-position embedding makes the Chinese version compact and coherent, therefore, it is frequently adopted in translating attributive clauses and appositive clauses.This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.这不是一场阶级之间的战争, 而是一场不分种族、不分信仰、不分党派, 整个大英帝国及英联邦全体成员国无不参加的战争。
2. Cutting(切分法)Sometimes, however, English modifiers are too long to be placed before the word being modified in the Chinese version. In this case, we have to resort to some other means---- most conveniently, cutting. By means of cutting, we may sever a long English sentence and rearrange the parts in sense groups, and then translate them separately into Chinese.Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.人类把自己和其他动物区别开来。
与此同时, 人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。
他们要么适应环境, 要么控制环境, 或根据自身的需要改造环境。
人类就这样一代代地生存下来。
3. Reversing(倒置法)Reversing in translating long and complex English sentences refers to adjusting the sequence of a given sentence so as to make it conform to Chinese usage. A sentence element of pre-position may be placed at the end of the whole text, and on the other hand, an end-position element may be placed at the beginning.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美国出现了一个真正的奇观: 穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代” 这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人。
正是在这个时候大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟。
4. Splitting (拆分法)The so-called splitting means taking certain elements (clause, phrase, or word) out of a sentence and treating them separately. This technique is usually adopted when both cutting and embedding fail to work in dealing with long and complex sentences. 1. The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible---- about one in four.大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信！(Splitting a single word) 2. The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing,which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, steady service, high drop and killing and ended in a draw.外宾观看了在北京举行的这场锦标赛。
这场比赛在发凶狠球、旋转球、低慢球、高抛球及扣杀方面技术都十分精湛, 最后打成平局。
他们看得简直着迷了。
(Splitting phrases)3. The very important oil industry, which has done much to rejuvenate the economy of the South since the end of World War II, made considerable headway especially in the five states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas.第二次世界大战以后石油工业对振兴南部经济起了很大的作用。
这个十分重要的工业部门特别是在以下5个州中取得了很大的进展: 阿肯色、路易斯安那、密西西比、俄克拉荷马和得克萨斯。
(Splitting clauses)5. Inserting(插入法)By inserting here we mean putting some additional punctuation marks such as dash, parenthesis, colon, etc. in a long and complex sentence so as to make the Chinese version both clear and smooth. So far as idiomatic Chinese is concerned, the inserting part should be restricted in length (within 20 Chinese characters or so), otherwise, it would be incongruous with Chinese usage.1. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley.雪, 在四处飘落着。
