三 一般现在时和一般过去式
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一般现在时、现在进行时与一般过去时三种时态的比较及一般将来时态我们在学习英语时,经常要提到一般现在时、现在进行时和一般过去时等,它们都是指谓语动词的时态。
什么是时态呢?在英语中,表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不同的动词形式,这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
我们也可以简单地理解为:“时”就是谓语动词所发生的时间,“态”就是谓语动词所用的形态。
在汉语中不管动作是什么时候发生的,动词形式基本上没有什么变化,例如:1、我经常打篮球。
2、我正在打篮球。
3、我昨天下午打篮球。
在这三句话中,虽然动作发生的时间不相同,但用的是相同的动词“打”。
他们对应的英语却是:1、I often play basketball. 2、I am playing basketball now.3、I played basketball yesterday afternoon.在这三句话中,虽然动作都是“打”,但这些动作发生的时间不同,第一句说的是经常的或习惯性的动作,属于一般现在时,所以谓语动词用原形play,第二句说的是现在正在进行的动作,属于现在进行时,所以谓语动词用助动词am和现在分词playing.第三句说的动作是发生在昨天下午,属于一般过去时,所以谓语动词用过去时形式played.因此,当我们用英语说每一句话的时候,我们首先要考虑时态问题,谓语动词要用适当的时态形式。
一、三种时态所表示的意义不同:1、一般现在时表示现在的状态。
如:She is at home. 她现在在家。
一般现在时也表示经常的或习惯性的动作。
如:He often plays basketball.他时常打篮球。
2、现在进行时表示现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
如:He is playing basketball now.他正在打篮球。
3、一般过去时表示表示过去某个时间存在的状态。
如:She was at home yesterday.她昨天在家。
一般现在时一.三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s 例如:play — plays like — likes2.以s ,x ,sh ,ch , o 结尾的+es,例如:go — goes wash — washes3.以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改成i再加es例如:fly — flies cry — cries在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
二.哪些主语是第三人称单数呢?现归纳总结如下:一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。
如:He likeswatchi ng TV. 他喜欢看电视。
她十二点吃午餐。
It lookslike a cat. 它看起来像只猫。
二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。
如:①Han Mei lookslike her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
②Beijin g is in China.北京在中国。
③王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。
如:①A horseis a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
②This book is yours.这本书是你的。
③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。
④这只猫是露茜的。
四、不定代词so meone, somebo dy, nobody, everyt hing,someth ing等及指示代词t his, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。
如:①大家到齐了。
②Thereis someth ing wrongwith the watch.这块手表有毛病。
③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
如何区分一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时、一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
例:He listens to the radio every evening.时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sunday, etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①am/is/are +not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
例:I wasborn on April 2, 1986.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:at the monment look listen\now例:The woman is talking to the doctor.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构:am /is/are +doing否定形式:am /is/are +not +doing.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
闽教版小学英语六年级英语三大时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时)时态定义及用法时间状语结构举例一般现在时经常性或习惯性的动作①always,usually,often,②every hour /day /year / Friday/ June;◆肯定句:主+动词(原形/三单)+◆否定句:主+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+…◆一般疑问句:.Do/Does+主+动词原形+…①He often plays chess.②He doesn’t play chess.③Does he often play chess?④What does Sally do in thesummer vacation?一般过去时过去经常发生的动作;①yesterday,②last+时间last year/month③just now;④时间段+ago;two days ago◆肯定句:主+动词的过去式+…◆否定句:.主+didn’t+动词原形+…◆一般疑问句:Did+主+动词原形+…He played chess yesterday.②He didn’t play chess yesterday.③Did he play chess yesterday?④What did Sally do in thesummer vacation?一般将来时将要发生的动作;①tomorrow+Tomorrowmorning/afternoon②next +时间next week/year/Friday1.will◆肯定句:主+will+动词原形+…◆否定句:主+will + not+动词原形+…◆一般疑问句:Will + 主+动词原形+…?He will play chess tomorrow.②He will not play chesstomorrow.③Will he play chess tomorrow?④What will Sally do in thesummer vacation?一、选择题( ) 1.Ben usually at 6:40. A.got up B.get up C.gets up ( ) 2.In the past my mother my bed. A.make B.made C.makes ( ) 3.Where you in the summer vacation?A.areB.isC.were( ) 4.Did you a good time in the USA?’tA.have; Yes,I didB.had; Yes,I didC.have; No,I don( ) 5.Do you often do housework at home?A.Yes,I does.B.No,I don’t.C.Yes,I am.( ) 6.Does he clean his room now?’t.A.Yes,she does.B.Yes,he does.C.No,he don( ) 7.li Hong usually at 6:30 in the morning.But this morning she at 7:00.A. get;gotB. gets;getC.gets;got( ) 8. How Mike go to school every day?A.doB.isC.doesD.are( ) 9. The students the football match now.A.watchB.to watchC.are watchingD.watching( ) 10. Did you your room yesterday?A.cleanB.cleansC. cleanedD.cleaning二、填空题1.Listen,there are many students (sing)in the classroom.2.. Look! Sarah is (dance).3. My mother often (wash)clothes on the weekends.4. He (buy) a present for his mother yesterday.5. John (visit)Qingdao next Sunday.6.He usually____(go) to school on foot.7.Does she_____(go) to school on foot?8.Did she ____(go) to school on foot?9.They_____(go) to school on foot yesterday.10.____ she going to school on foot?助动词do,does,did或者它们的否定形式的使用1) you like this magazine?2) The girl like bread for breakfast.3) ---What she at the weekends?---She usually plays games with her friends.4) ---What you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.5) -- He not visit a farm last National Day holiday.6) They not like playing volleyball.7) --- Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday?---Yes, he8) Helen with Yang Ling go to school by bike every day? 9) [Do/Does]______ you go to school everyday? No, I don’t. 10) [Do/Does]______ Jack and Peter like apples?11)[Do/Does]______ he watch TV at night? Yes he does. 三.连词成句(请注意大小写)1. the summer you where were in vacation2.did do yesterday what youA good did have time the you in a4. Wang Tao his yesterday did make bed?5. does often housework home Sally at do6.will where you for the go holidays7. to bookstore yesterday he went the.。
时态复习一、一般现在时用法:①现在经常性的状态或动作;②客观事实和真理。
构成:①be+表语;②实义动词作谓语标志词:often, sometimes, usually, always, never, twice a month, every day/week/month/year(every 系列)例句:He usually gets to school early.The moon moves around the earth.练一练1.认识从实践开始。
Knowledge ______________ (begin) with practice.二、现在进行时用法:①此刻动作:表示目前正在发生的动作。
②现阶段动作:表示目前一个时期一直在进行的动作,此刻不一定在进行。
构成:am/is/are+动词的现在分词(doing)标志词:now, at present, at the moment, these days, look, listen例句:Look! What are the children doing over there?注意:表示位置移动或状态转移的动词(come, go, leave, arrive)等少数动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。
例句:Where are you going tomorrow? 你明天要去哪里?练一练1.—Where is your father?—He _____________ (fish) by the lake.2.It’s 8 o’clock.The children ______________ (do) morning exercises.三、一般过去时(1)用法:1. 表示在过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如:Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning.2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
动词时态一(一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时及现在进行时)【用法讲解】考试要求:英语的动词的时态共有十六种,但是中考常考的主要有八种,一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时,过去完成时等时态的构成和用法。
本节先讲述一下一般现在时,一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时。
1. 一般现在时一般现在时的构成:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。
例如:I have breakfast at 7 every morning. 我每天早晨7点吃早餐。
He goes swimming on Sundays. 每周日他都去游泳。
一般现在时的用法:(1)表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。
经常和表示时间的状语often,always,usually,sometimes,every day等连用。
例如:My sister usually goes to school on foot.我姐姐经常步行去上学。
We often come to school at six in the morning.我们经常在早上六点到学校。
(2)表示某种习惯或者能力,也可以表示职业、特征等。
例如:My mother often gets up very early in the morning.我的妈妈经常在早上起床很早。
This kind of car runs very fast.这种小汽车跑得非常快。
(3)表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。
例如:This kind of trees never grows in the desert.这种树从来不在沙漠里生长。
Do you know that knowledge is power?你知道知识就是力量吗?(4)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,表示将来的动作。
例如:They’ll be so happy when I tell them.我告诉他们时,他们会很高兴的。
主要要一下七个时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、将来时:be goingto(= will )、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。
(1)一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。
2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。
3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be 动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。
5.动词+s的变化规则1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches, go-goes3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies6. 句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。
如:The childrenare very happy on Christmas Day .7.一般现在时中的be动词:一般用原形:am is aream用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如his parents等)。
8.一般过去时中的动词:有两种情况:第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。
英语的时态及基本结构英语的时态是描述动作或状态在时间上的发生、进行或完成的方式。
以下是常见的英语时态及其基本结构:一、一般现在时 (Present Simple)1.结构:主语+ 动词原形(第三人称单数动词形式)2.用途:描述经常性、习惯性或一般事实的行为;表达现在状态、特征或性格。
3.例子:I work hard. (我努力工作。
)二、现在进行时 (Present Continuous)1.结构:主语+ be 动词(am/is/are)+ 动词-ing2.用途:描述正在发生的动作或情况。
3.例子:I am studying English. (我正在学习英语。
)三、一般过去时 (Past Simple)1.结构:主语+ 动词过去式2.用途:描述过去发生的动作或状态。
3.例子:I went to the park yesterday. (我昨天去了公园。
)四、过去进行时 (Past Continuous)1.结构:主语+ be 动词的过去式(was/were)+ 动词-ing2.用途:描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
3.例子:I was reading a book at that time. (那时候我正在读书。
)五、一般将来时 (Future Simple)1.结构:主语+ will + 动词原形2.用途:描述将来要发生的动作或状态。
3.例子:I will go to the concert tomorrow. (我明天要去听音乐会。
)六、现在完成时 (Present Perfect)1.结构:主语+ have/has + 过去分词2.用途:描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;或描述从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
3.例子:I have finished my homework. (我已经完成了我的家庭作业。
)七、过去完成时 (Past Perfect)1.结构:主语+ had + 过去分词2.用途:描述过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
Lisa英语暑期语法精炼第三篇:时态---一般现在时& 一般过去时动词时态:英语中在不同的时间以不同的方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用动词的不同形式来表示,这些形式称为动词的时态。
从时间上分为四个阶段:现在,过去,奖来和过去将来。
从行为上每一类又可分为四种形式:一般式,进行式,完成式和完成进行式。
合起来共有16种时态:初中阶段重点学习八大时态。
现在过去将来过去将来一般式进行式完成式完成进行式一般现在时:①表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为;②现在的某种状况。
时间状语:every day/week/year/ month,always, usually, often, sometimes, once a week ... in the morning/afternoon/evening on+天at night/noon构成:1. Be(is,am,are) 2.动词原形v. 3.动词的单三形式vs动词单三的变化规则:1.不规则:have-has2.看词尾1>.以sh,ch,s,o,x结+es2>.以辅y结尾变y为i再加es;以元y结尾直接+s.3.其他动词直接+ s◆请写出下列动词原形的单三形式:have - _______ catch - _______ come - _______ go - _______ sit - _______ empty - _______ read - _______ sharpen - _______ put on - _______ do - ____ take off - _______ kiss - _______ fly - _______ cry - _______ wash - _______ fix - _______ buy - _______ ask - _______ lift - _______ play - _______ enjoy - _______ hear - _______ spend - _______ keep - ______ lie - _______◆改错:(圈出错误的地方,在旁边改正,并将正确的句子写在横线处。
)1. He wash his cloth every day. __________________________________________2. Are Simon and Daniel likes going skating?____________________________________________________3.She don’t does hers homework on Sundays._________________________________________________________4.Is you brother speaks English?___________________________________________◆请用所给动词的正确形式填空:四步走:第一步:找关键词(固定搭配的句型或to/情态动词/do/did/does+动词原形) 第二步:没有关键词,找时间确定时态,选择动词的正确形式;第三步:没有时间的,看意思来确定时态,选择动词的正确形式;第四步:看不懂意思的,用一般现在时。
(属于蒙了,但是正确率很高)1. A dog __________(run) in the street.2.The teacher usually__________(write) on the blackboard.3.We _________(like)to go to the park on Sunday.4.My father ___________(work) as a doctor.5.Tigers ___________(eat) meat.6.He ___________(fax) me a file once a week.7.The doll always ________(look) lovely.8. A girl often ____________(touch) the floor.9.Lisa usually __________(go to school) by bus.10.S he ____________(read) book every day.11.J ack and Lily sometimes ____________(tell) a story for us.12.Y our sister ___________(miss) you very much every day.13.T he teachers sometimes_____________(sit) on the chairs.14.T hey __________(sweat) a lot in summer.15.L isa ___________(do) her homework every evening.16.T he boy always __________(buy) gifts for the girl.◆按照要求做句型转换:1.Open the door, please.(改为否定句)_______________________________2.He gives me a pencil.(改为一般疑问句)________________________________3.We know this woman. (改为否定句)_________________________________4.He wants to be a teacher.(对划线部分提问)______________________________5.Lily picks flowers in the garden.(对划线部分提问)_________________________ 6.They have some roast beef.(改为一般疑问句)_____________________________7.It’s often windy in March.(对划线部分提问)______________________________8. He comes from Brazil.(同义句) _________________________________________ 9.They’re French.(改为一般疑问句)_____________________________________10. We are Norwegian. (对划线部分提问)__________________________________11.They come from Poland.(改为一般疑问句)_______________________________12. This is my phone.(改为复数句子)_________________________________________13. That is his country.(改为复数句子)______________________________________14. I can speak English. (改为一般疑问句)_______________________________ 一般过去时:①过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;②过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, last week/year/night/month…,yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now, in 1989, at the age of 5, one day, in the past (在过去)long long ago(很久很久以前) once upon a time(从前)构成:1. Be(was;were) 2.动词的过去式动词过去式的变化规则:1.不规则变化(有很多,需要熟练记忆)2.看词尾1>.以e结尾只+ d2>.以辅y结尾变y为i再加ed; 以元y结尾直接+d.3.重读闭音节双写加:4.其他v.直接加ed练习(一)请写出下列动词的过去式:have - _______ air - _______ come - _______ go - _______ sit - _______ empty - _______ read - _______ sharpen - _______ put on - _______ do - ____ take off - _______ kiss - _______ stay - _______ cry - _______ wash - _______ fix - _______ buy - _______ shave - _______ arrive - _______ play - _______ enjoy - _______ hear - _______ spend - _______ keep - ______ greet - _______练习(二):请用be动词的正确形式填空:四步走:第一步:找关键词(固定搭配的句型或to/情态动词/do/did/does+动词原形) 第二步:没有关键词,找时间确定时态,选择动词的正确形式;第三步:没有时间的,看意思来确定时态,选择动词的正确形式;第四步:看不懂意思的,用一般现在时。
(属于蒙了,但是正确率很高)1.He ________(be) a lovely boy 3 years ago.2.They ___________(be) good friends in the past.3.Jay and his mother ___________(be) at home last night.4.They _________(start) to do the homework last night.5.The dog _________(be) wet yesterday.6.She _________(be) in the school last Saturday.7.Tom _________(be) very naughty in the past.8.Her teachers _________(be) angry last class.9.I _______(be) a little girl in 2000.10.T he tomato _________(be) fresh in the morning.11.J ason ______(be) in the second grade in 2007.12.He _______________(introduce) me to his mother last week.13.He ______________(pay) thirty dollars to buy the model plane.14.I _____________________(introduce) Linda to my mother.15.Jack _________(like) to play the piano in the past.16.She ________________(tell) us a story three days ago.17.The teachers _________(count) the students last week.18.I _______(see) the birds in 2007.19.The baby always ____________(cry) at night.20.The girl________(shake)her head yesterday.21.He __________(go) to bed late last night.22.His mother _________(fry) eggs for him last morning.23.We __________(play) football last week.24.She _________(study) English yesterday.25.Her father __________(watch) TV every evening.26.I ________(drop) a paintbrush on the ground.27.He __________(open) the window last night.28.Jennifer _________(love) her doll very much.29.They __________(get up) early this morning.30. Tom _________(show) me his new books.练习(四):按要求做句型转换:1.They walked across the park last week.(对划线部分提问)_______________________________________________________________________ 2.She typed those letters five minutes ago.(对划线部分提问)_______________________________________________________________________ 3.We were in Canada in 2012. (改为一般疑问句)_______________________________________________________________________4.He bought that car in May?(改为否定句) _______________________________________5.I arrived at 10:45. (对划线部分提问) ______________________________________6. We have some shoes like those .(改为一般疑问句)_________________________________7.He takes a cake at the baker’s.(对划线部分提问)_______________________________________________________________________ 8.She likes working very much.(改为否定句) _______________________________________。