高中英语语法专题及练习
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高中英语语法及练习（一）定语从句(一)定义在一个复合句中，如果一个名词或相当于一个名词的词被一个句子修饰，那么这个句子就是定语从句。
构成先行词+引导词+句子引导词的分类1．关系代词及其用法：指人：who/ that(作主语或宾语)whom（做宾语）whose(表所有)指物：which/ that (作主语或宾语) whose(表所有)eg:(1).The man who/that is wearing a red hat is Mr Smith.(2). The book which/that is on the desk is mine.(3). The man whose son is a soldier is standing under the tree.(4). The book whose cover is red is my sister’s.(5). The man （whom/who/that）my father is talking to is Mr Smith.(6). The book (which/that) you are holding is mine.(二). 分类限定性和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用;非限定定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用.在非限定定语从句中,先行词与从句之间往往有逗号隔开.eg:1.He has two sons,who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)2.He has two sons who work in the same company.(he has more than two sons perhaps.)关系代词的作用:(1).连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把主句和从句连接起来.(2).替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词.(3).成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分.关系代词的用法与分类的三个依据:(1).根据所引导的从句的限定性和非限定性.(2).根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物.(3).根据它在从句的所充当的成分-----主语、宾语、表语、或定语。
关系代词that和which的用法：限定性定语从句只能用that的情况：1.当先行词是不定代词all，much, little ,something, anything , everything ，nothing，none ，the one时：eg:(1). Do you have anything else that you want to say for yourself?你还有要为自己说的话了吗？(2).You should hand in all that you have.你应该上缴你所有的东西。
2.当先行词前有the only the very (恰好) any，few ，little，no ，all等词修饰时。
eg:(1).This is the very bus that I am waiting for.(2).The only thing that we can give you is some money.3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时eg:(1).This is the most interesting film that I have seen.4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
eg:(1).The train is the last that will go to Suzhou.5.当先行词即有人又有物时。
Eg:(1).Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about?6.当主句的疑问词是who 或which时。
Eg:(1).Which is the bike that you lost? (2).Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7.有两个定语从句时，其中一个宜用which,另一个宜用that.eg:(1).They secretly built up a small factory ,which produced things that could cause pollution.8.先行词在句子中作表语,而关系代词在句子中也作表语时.eg:(1).Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.当先行词是物/事时，只能用which的情况：1.在非限定定语从句中只能用which. eg: Helen was much kinder to her youngest sonthan to others, which made the others envy him.2.当动词短语的介词提前时，只能用which.eg: This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.有关练习：1.I refuse to accept the blame for something____was someone else’s fault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what2.He talked a lot about things and persons______he remembered in the school.A .which B.that C.whom D.what3.The girl in plain clothes,______was wonderfully caml in face of danger ,was just sixteen years old.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.who4.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling,___ turned out to be a wise decision.A.thatB.which C .when D.where5.This is one of the most interestingfilms_____shown last week.A .which B.that was C.which were D.that were答案BBDBD关系代词who whom whose 和that的用法：在从句中作主语时，用who/that ,不可省略；在从句中作宾语时，用whom/that/who,可以省略；在从句中作定语时用whose,不可省略。
可指人也可指物，whose+n.=the+n.+of which或of which+the+n.（指物）；whose+n.=the+n.+of whom 或of whom+the +n.(指人)。
eg:(1). She is the girl who/that lives next door.(2). That’ the girl whom/who/that I teach.(3). This is the scientist whoseachievement are well known(4). This is the house whose window brokelast night.=This is the house ,the window of which broke last night=This is the house ,of which the window broke last night.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句指物时关系代词只能用which,指人时只能用whom.即介词+which/whom.介词选择的几种情况：所属关系用of ;动词短语中固有的介词；根据语境临时选用的介词。
eg:(1).I picked some apples,some of which were bad.(2).I have seen many foreingers,most ofwhom are from Europe(3).He has ten sons, half of whom aresoldiers.(4).This is the girl from whom I learned thenews.(5).He is the man on whom you can depend.(6).The house has many small windows,through which light can go into it.但是一些动词短语是固定的，其介词不能提前：look after; look for ;look forward to;take care of.eg: Is this the knife which you are looking for?(for 不能提前)。
注意：请辨别下列一组句子,注意下列句子的定义:I picked some apples.some of them;some of them were bad.,and/but some of them,some of which有关练习:1.The clever boy made a hole in thewall,_____he can see what was going on inside.A .which B.through whichC.thatD.through that2.Children who are not active or ____diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.whatB.whoseC．which D.that3.In the dark street there was nobody___he could turn for help.A.thatB.whomC.in whomD.to whom4.She brought with her three friends,____I had ever met before.A.none of them;B.all of whoC.none of whomD.all of these5.My friend Jennifer,_____help I have made great progress in my studies,will leave for Canada next week.A.in whoseB.in herC. with whoseD.with her6.The voice of China is a program_____ the young are very familiar in China.A.in whichB. to whichC.by whichD.with which7.Our country has a long history and lots of interesting customs,_____we are very proud. A.of which B.with which C.in what D. for which在限制性定定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用that/which(指物）；that/whom/who(指人）。
