信息过滤(Information Filtering)综述
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名词解释中英文对比<using_information_sources> social networks 社会网络abductive reasoning 溯因推理action recognition(行为识别)active learning(主动学习)adaptive systems 自适应系统adverse drugs reactions(药物不良反应)algorithm design and analysis(算法设计与分析) algorithm(算法)artificial intelligence 人工智能association rule(关联规则)attribute value taxonomy 属性分类规范automomous agent 自动代理automomous systems 自动系统background knowledge 背景知识bayes methods(贝叶斯方法)bayesian inference(贝叶斯推断)bayesian methods(bayes 方法)belief propagation(置信传播)better understanding 内涵理解big data 大数据big data(大数据)biological network(生物网络)biological sciences(生物科学)biomedical domain 生物医学领域biomedical research(生物医学研究)biomedical text(生物医学文本)boltzmann machine(玻尔兹曼机)bootstrapping method 拔靴法case based reasoning 实例推理causual models 因果模型citation matching (引文匹配)classification (分类)classification algorithms(分类算法)clistering algorithms 聚类算法cloud computing(云计算)cluster-based retrieval (聚类检索)clustering (聚类)clustering algorithms(聚类算法)clustering 聚类cognitive science 认知科学collaborative filtering (协同过滤)collaborative filtering(协同过滤)collabrative ontology development 联合本体开发collabrative ontology engineering 联合本体工程commonsense knowledge 常识communication networks(通讯网络)community detection(社区发现)complex data(复杂数据)complex dynamical networks(复杂动态网络)complex network(复杂网络)complex network(复杂网络)computational biology 计算生物学computational biology(计算生物学)computational complexity(计算复杂性) computational intelligence 智能计算computational modeling(计算模型)computer animation(计算机动画)computer networks(计算机网络)computer science 计算机科学concept clustering 概念聚类concept formation 概念形成concept learning 概念学习concept map 概念图concept model 概念模型concept modelling 概念模型conceptual model 概念模型conditional random field(条件随机场模型) conjunctive quries 合取查询constrained least squares (约束最小二乘) convex programming(凸规划)convolutional neural networks(卷积神经网络) customer relationship management(客户关系管理) data analysis(数据分析)data analysis(数据分析)data center(数据中心)data clustering (数据聚类)data compression(数据压缩)data envelopment analysis (数据包络分析)data fusion 数据融合data generation(数据生成)data handling(数据处理)data hierarchy (数据层次)data integration(数据整合)data integrity 数据完整性data intensive computing(数据密集型计算)data management 数据管理data management(数据管理)data management(数据管理)data miningdata mining 数据挖掘data model 数据模型data models(数据模型)data partitioning 数据划分data point(数据点)data privacy(数据隐私)data security(数据安全)data stream(数据流)data streams(数据流)data structure( 数据结构)data structure(数据结构)data visualisation(数据可视化)data visualization 数据可视化data visualization(数据可视化)data warehouse(数据仓库)data warehouses(数据仓库)data warehousing(数据仓库)database management systems(数据库管理系统)database management(数据库管理)date interlinking 日期互联date linking 日期链接Decision analysis(决策分析)decision maker 决策者decision making (决策)decision models 决策模型decision models 决策模型decision rule 决策规则decision support system 决策支持系统decision support systems (决策支持系统) decision tree(决策树)decission tree 决策树deep belief network(深度信念网络)deep learning(深度学习)defult reasoning 默认推理density estimation(密度估计)design methodology 设计方法论dimension reduction(降维) dimensionality reduction(降维)directed graph(有向图)disaster management 灾害管理disastrous event(灾难性事件)discovery(知识发现)dissimilarity (相异性)distributed databases 分布式数据库distributed databases(分布式数据库) distributed query 分布式查询document clustering (文档聚类)domain experts 领域专家domain knowledge 领域知识domain specific language 领域专用语言dynamic databases(动态数据库)dynamic logic 动态逻辑dynamic network(动态网络)dynamic system(动态系统)earth mover's distance(EMD 距离) education 教育efficient algorithm(有效算法)electric commerce 电子商务electronic health records(电子健康档案) entity disambiguation 实体消歧entity recognition 实体识别entity recognition(实体识别)entity resolution 实体解析event detection 事件检测event detection(事件检测)event extraction 事件抽取event identificaton 事件识别exhaustive indexing 完整索引expert system 专家系统expert systems(专家系统)explanation based learning 解释学习factor graph(因子图)feature extraction 特征提取feature extraction(特征提取)feature extraction(特征提取)feature selection (特征选择)feature selection 特征选择feature selection(特征选择)feature space 特征空间first order logic 一阶逻辑formal logic 形式逻辑formal meaning prepresentation 形式意义表示formal semantics 形式语义formal specification 形式描述frame based system 框为本的系统frequent itemsets(频繁项目集)frequent pattern(频繁模式)fuzzy clustering (模糊聚类)fuzzy clustering (模糊聚类)fuzzy clustering (模糊聚类)fuzzy data mining(模糊数据挖掘)fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑fuzzy set theory(模糊集合论)fuzzy set(模糊集)fuzzy sets 模糊集合fuzzy systems 模糊系统gaussian processes(高斯过程)gene expression data 基因表达数据gene expression(基因表达)generative model(生成模型)generative model(生成模型)genetic algorithm 遗传算法genome wide association study(全基因组关联分析) graph classification(图分类)graph classification(图分类)graph clustering(图聚类)graph data(图数据)graph data(图形数据)graph database 图数据库graph database(图数据库)graph mining(图挖掘)graph mining(图挖掘)graph partitioning 图划分graph query 图查询graph structure(图结构)graph theory(图论)graph theory(图论)graph theory(图论)graph theroy 图论graph visualization(图形可视化)graphical user interface 图形用户界面graphical user interfaces(图形用户界面)health care 卫生保健health care(卫生保健)heterogeneous data source 异构数据源heterogeneous data(异构数据)heterogeneous database 异构数据库heterogeneous information network(异构信息网络) heterogeneous network(异构网络)heterogenous ontology 异构本体heuristic rule 启发式规则hidden markov model(隐马尔可夫模型)hidden markov model(隐马尔可夫模型)hidden markov models(隐马尔可夫模型) hierarchical clustering (层次聚类) homogeneous network(同构网络)human centered computing 人机交互技术human computer interaction 人机交互human interaction 人机交互human robot interaction 人机交互image classification(图像分类)image clustering (图像聚类)image mining( 图像挖掘)image reconstruction(图像重建)image retrieval (图像检索)image segmentation(图像分割)inconsistent ontology 本体不一致incremental learning(增量学习)inductive learning (归纳学习)inference mechanisms 推理机制inference mechanisms(推理机制)inference rule 推理规则information cascades(信息追随)information diffusion(信息扩散)information extraction 信息提取information filtering(信息过滤)information filtering(信息过滤)information integration(信息集成)information network analysis(信息网络分析) information network mining(信息网络挖掘) information network(信息网络)information processing 信息处理information processing 信息处理information resource management (信息资源管理) information retrieval models(信息检索模型) information retrieval 信息检索information retrieval(信息检索)information retrieval(信息检索)information science 情报科学information sources 信息源information system( 信息系统)information system(信息系统)information technology(信息技术)information visualization(信息可视化)instance matching 实例匹配intelligent assistant 智能辅助intelligent systems 智能系统interaction network(交互网络)interactive visualization(交互式可视化)kernel function(核函数)kernel operator (核算子)keyword search(关键字检索)knowledege reuse 知识再利用knowledgeknowledgeknowledge acquisitionknowledge base 知识库knowledge based system 知识系统knowledge building 知识建构knowledge capture 知识获取knowledge construction 知识建构knowledge discovery(知识发现)knowledge extraction 知识提取knowledge fusion 知识融合knowledge integrationknowledge management systems 知识管理系统knowledge management 知识管理knowledge management(知识管理)knowledge model 知识模型knowledge reasoningknowledge representationknowledge representation(知识表达) knowledge sharing 知识共享knowledge storageknowledge technology 知识技术knowledge verification 知识验证language model(语言模型)language modeling approach(语言模型方法) large graph(大图)large graph(大图)learning(无监督学习)life science 生命科学linear programming(线性规划)link analysis (链接分析)link prediction(链接预测)link prediction(链接预测)link prediction(链接预测)linked data(关联数据)location based service(基于位置的服务) loclation based services(基于位置的服务) logic programming 逻辑编程logical implication 逻辑蕴涵logistic regression(logistic 回归)machine learning 机器学习machine translation(机器翻译)management system(管理系统)management( 知识管理)manifold learning(流形学习)markov chains 马尔可夫链markov processes(马尔可夫过程)matching function 匹配函数matrix decomposition(矩阵分解)matrix decomposition(矩阵分解)maximum likelihood estimation(最大似然估计)medical research(医学研究)mixture of gaussians(混合高斯模型)mobile computing(移动计算)multi agnet systems 多智能体系统multiagent systems 多智能体系统multimedia 多媒体natural language processing 自然语言处理natural language processing(自然语言处理) nearest neighbor (近邻)network analysis( 网络分析)network analysis(网络分析)network analysis(网络分析)network formation(组网)network structure(网络结构)network theory(网络理论)network topology(网络拓扑)network visualization(网络可视化)neural network(神经网络)neural networks (神经网络)neural networks(神经网络)nonlinear dynamics(非线性动力学)nonmonotonic reasoning 非单调推理nonnegative matrix factorization (非负矩阵分解) nonnegative matrix factorization(非负矩阵分解) object detection(目标检测)object oriented 面向对象object recognition(目标识别)object recognition(目标识别)online community(网络社区)online social network(在线社交网络)online social networks(在线社交网络)ontology alignment 本体映射ontology development 本体开发ontology engineering 本体工程ontology evolution 本体演化ontology extraction 本体抽取ontology interoperablity 互用性本体ontology language 本体语言ontology mapping 本体映射ontology matching 本体匹配ontology versioning 本体版本ontology 本体论open government data 政府公开数据opinion analysis(舆情分析)opinion mining(意见挖掘)opinion mining(意见挖掘)outlier detection(孤立点检测)parallel processing(并行处理)patient care(病人医疗护理)pattern classification(模式分类)pattern matching(模式匹配)pattern mining(模式挖掘)pattern recognition 模式识别pattern recognition(模式识别)pattern recognition(模式识别)personal data(个人数据)prediction algorithms(预测算法)predictive model 预测模型predictive models(预测模型)privacy preservation(隐私保护)probabilistic logic(概率逻辑)probabilistic logic(概率逻辑)probabilistic model(概率模型)probabilistic model(概率模型)probability distribution(概率分布)probability distribution(概率分布)project management(项目管理)pruning technique(修剪技术)quality management 质量管理query expansion(查询扩展)query language 查询语言query language(查询语言)query processing(查询处理)query rewrite 查询重写question answering system 问答系统random forest(随机森林)random graph(随机图)random processes(随机过程)random walk(随机游走)range query(范围查询)RDF database 资源描述框架数据库RDF query 资源描述框架查询RDF repository 资源描述框架存储库RDF storge 资源描述框架存储real time(实时)recommender system(推荐系统)recommender system(推荐系统)recommender systems 推荐系统recommender systems(推荐系统)record linkage 记录链接recurrent neural network(递归神经网络) regression(回归)reinforcement learning 强化学习reinforcement learning(强化学习)relation extraction 关系抽取relational database 关系数据库relational learning 关系学习relevance feedback (相关反馈)resource description framework 资源描述框架restricted boltzmann machines(受限玻尔兹曼机) retrieval models(检索模型)rough set theroy 粗糙集理论rough set 粗糙集rule based system 基于规则系统rule based 基于规则rule induction (规则归纳)rule learning (规则学习)rule learning 规则学习schema mapping 模式映射schema matching 模式匹配scientific domain 科学域search problems(搜索问题)semantic (web) technology 语义技术semantic analysis 语义分析semantic annotation 语义标注semantic computing 语义计算semantic integration 语义集成semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic model 语义模型semantic network 语义网络semantic relatedness 语义相关性semantic relation learning 语义关系学习semantic search 语义检索semantic similarity 语义相似度semantic similarity(语义相似度)semantic web rule language 语义网规则语言semantic web 语义网semantic web(语义网)semantic workflow 语义工作流semi supervised learning(半监督学习)sensor data(传感器数据)sensor networks(传感器网络)sentiment analysis(情感分析)sentiment analysis(情感分析)sequential pattern(序列模式)service oriented architecture 面向服务的体系结构shortest path(最短路径)similar kernel function(相似核函数)similarity measure(相似性度量)similarity relationship (相似关系)similarity search(相似搜索)similarity(相似性)situation aware 情境感知social behavior(社交行为)social influence(社会影响)social interaction(社交互动)social interaction(社交互动)social learning(社会学习)social life networks(社交生活网络)social machine 社交机器social media(社交媒体)social media(社交媒体)social media(社交媒体)social network analysis 社会网络分析social network analysis(社交网络分析)social network(社交网络)social network(社交网络)social science(社会科学)social tagging system(社交标签系统)social tagging(社交标签)social web(社交网页)sparse coding(稀疏编码)sparse matrices(稀疏矩阵)sparse representation(稀疏表示)spatial database(空间数据库)spatial reasoning 空间推理statistical analysis(统计分析)statistical model 统计模型string matching(串匹配)structural risk minimization (结构风险最小化) structured data 结构化数据subgraph matching 子图匹配subspace clustering(子空间聚类)supervised learning( 有support vector machine 支持向量机support vector machines(支持向量机)system dynamics(系统动力学)tag recommendation(标签推荐)taxonmy induction 感应规范temporal logic 时态逻辑temporal reasoning 时序推理text analysis(文本分析)text anaylsis 文本分析text classification (文本分类)text data(文本数据)text mining technique(文本挖掘技术)text mining 文本挖掘text mining(文本挖掘)text summarization(文本摘要)thesaurus alignment 同义对齐time frequency analysis(时频分析)time series analysis( 时time series data(时间序列数据)time series data(时间序列数据)time series(时间序列)topic model(主题模型)topic modeling(主题模型)transfer learning 迁移学习triple store 三元组存储uncertainty reasoning 不精确推理undirected graph(无向图)unified modeling language 统一建模语言unsupervisedupper bound(上界)user behavior(用户行为)user generated content(用户生成内容)utility mining(效用挖掘)visual analytics(可视化分析)visual content(视觉内容)visual representation(视觉表征)visualisation(可视化)visualization technique(可视化技术) visualization tool(可视化工具)web 2.0(网络2.0)web forum(web 论坛)web mining(网络挖掘)web of data 数据网web ontology lanuage 网络本体语言web pages(web 页面)web resource 网络资源web science 万维科学web search (网络检索)web usage mining(web 使用挖掘)wireless networks 无线网络world knowledge 世界知识world wide web 万维网world wide web(万维网)xml database 可扩展标志语言数据库附录 2 Data Mining 知识图谱(共包含二级节点15 个,三级节点93 个)间序列分析)监督学习)领域 二级分类 三级分类。
垃圾邮件识别和过滤的方法T大炮北京理工大学计算机学院,北京100081(******************.cn)Methods for Identifying and Filtering Junk Mail or SpamT Biggun(Class 07111301,School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)Abstract Identifying and Filtering Spam is an important research subject in computer network. In this thesis, I have studied the history of spam filtering technology, which mainly includes the first generation of rule-based filtering technology, the second generation of content-based filtering technology and the third generation of behavior-based filtering technology. 1. Rule-based filtering includes IP address based filtering, mail header based filtering. 2. Content-based filtering includes Bayesian filtering, Memory-based method, decision tree, Boosting method, Support Vector Machine (SVM), etc. 3. Behavior-based filtering includes Email data stream based filtering, mail header based filtering, sender reputation based filtering, mail fingerprint based filtering, behavioral characteristics weighted based filtering, etc. The spammers’ common spurious methods are summarized. Through the reference to large amount of anti-spam documents and data from home and broad, an analysis is made on existing anti-spam techniques and in particular the content-based spam filtering methods.Key words spam filtering; rule; content; text categorization; Naïve Bayes; behavior摘要垃圾邮件识别和过滤是计算机网络领域的一个重要研究课题。
现代经济信息信息回避行为研究黄改平 安徽大学管理学院摘要:互联网的飞速发展大大提高了人们的信息空间,如何快而准确地在网上获取用户所需要的信息,越来越成为人们关注的焦点。
对于用户来说不能只依靠信息系统自动地过滤信息,信息用户还必须根据自己的兴趣爱好、群体特征或知识背景对无用或无效信息进行回避,有意识的建立自身的信息选择机制,以达到提高信息使用效率的目的。
本文主要阐述了信息回避含义,分析了信息回避行为产生的原因以及信息回避的特征。
关键词:信息回避;信息过滤;信息行为 中图分类号:G250 文献识别码:A 文章编号:1001-828X(2018)022-0372-02Research on Information avoidance behaviorHuang Gai-ping(Anhui University College of Management, Hefei 230601)Abstract:The rapid development of the Internet has greatly improved the people's information space, and how to quickly and accurately obtain the information needed by the user on the Internet has become the focus of attention. For users, it can not only rely on the information system to automatically filter information, the information users must also be based on their interests,group characteristics or knowledge.The background is to avoid the useless or invalid information, and consciously establish its own information selection mechanism to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of information use. This paper mainly expounds the meaning of information avoidance, analyzes the reasons for the emergence of information avoidance behavior and the characteristics of information avoidance.Keywords:Information avoidance; Information filtering; Information behavior一、引言近年来,互联网的快速发展,不管公司、企业、还是个人,越来越多的人们开始在互联网上发布信息、查找信息,比如,网上求职,网上招聘,网上购物等,并且很多传统的纸质版书籍杂志等也都以电子版的形式出现,这极大的方便了人们,给人们带来了广阔的信息空间,可以快速的查找更多的信息。
信息过滤名词解释
信息过滤(Information过滤)是指在接收、处理和存储信息的过程中,通过算法和规则对信息进行筛选、排序和分类,以提取出有价值的、准确的和有用的信息,通常用于搜索引擎、社交媒体、在线广告和信息检索等应用中。
信息过滤的目标是去除或减少不准确或不有用的信息,提高信息的质量和价值。
信息过滤可以使用许多不同的技术和算法来实现,例如关键词提取、语义分析、情感分析和统计学方法。
一些常见的信息过滤技术包括:
1. 关键词提取:根据文本中的关键词来识别文本内容。
2. 情感分析:判断文本中的情感倾向,例如积极、消极、中性等。
3. 语义分析:通过分析和解释文本中的实体、关系和语法结构,来识别文本内容。
4. 统计方法:使用统计学方法对文本数据进行分析,从而识别出具有普遍性的特征和规律。
信息过滤技术在许多应用领域中发挥着重要的作用,例如搜索引擎、社交媒体、在线广告和信息检索。
社会学专业词汇中英文对照暴民:mob比拟法:analogical method比例抽样:proportionate sample 不可知论:agnosticism 变态心理学:abnormal psychology不完全归纳:incomplete induction 边际效用递减:law of diminishing marginal utility柏拉图式爱情:Platonic love丛众:conformity残疾人:the handicapped参考书目:bibliography参考群体:reference group成人教育:adulteducation初婚年龄:age at firstmarriage垂直流动:verticalmobility出身群体:descentgroup抽样误差:samplingerror抽样范围:samplingframe参与式观察:participantobservation代沟:generation gap对照分析:contrastiveanalysis定性分析:qualititiveanalysis定量分析:quantitativeanalysis定额抽样:quotasample多重人格:multiplepersonality地位流动:statusmobility第一手资料:primarydata第二手资料:raw data单因素实验:single-factorexperiment地域性流动:geographical mobility法人:fictitions person反隔离:desegregation犯罪学:criminology父居家庭:patrilocalfamily父系亲属:agnate父子关系:filiation分析性研究:analyticalresearch封闭式监管:close custody封闭型问题:closed question分层随机抽样:stratified random sample规范:norms更年期:menopause 过激主义:ultraism个案研究:case study 个人主义:individualism归属需求:need to belong个人崇拜:personality cult功能主义:functionalism行话,黑话:argot横坐标:abscissa合理趋势:rational trend 霍桑效应:Hawthorneeffect婚姻调适:marriageadjustment宏观分析:macroscopicanalysis黄金分割:goldensection互补角色:complementary role家谱:family religrees截点:cut-off point拒答率:refusal rate绝对值:absolutevalue监护人:chaperonage角色冲突:role conflict角色距离:roledistance角色紧张:role strain金钱崇拜:mammonworship间接暗示:indirectsuggestion价值中立:value free价值判断:valuejudgement集体行动:collectiveaction家庭规模:family size家庭不与:disharmony offamily家庭制度:familyinstitution近亲繁殖:inbreeding寄宿学校:boardingschool教育程度:educationalattainment继嗣规则:descentrule阶级分化:classdifferentiation教条主义:dogmatism 经验主义:empiricism 介入变量:intervening variable集思广益法:brainstorming method经验我、客体我:empirical self克己:self-denial控制论:cybernetics 控制组:control group 刻板印象:stereotype 可婚年龄:marriageable age框架分析:frame analysis跨文化方法:cross-cultural method量变:quantitative change列表:tabulation 理想类型:ideal type利他主义:altruism利己主义:egoism老年痴呆:seniledementia目测:eye measure民法:civil law母爱:maternal love疯人院:mad house美国化:americanization母居家庭:matrilocalfamily民意测验:publicopinion poll描述性概念:descriptive concept摩擦性失业:frictionalunemployment迷惘的一代:lostgeneration能动性:activeness年龄优势:agedomination年龄构成:agecomposition男性女化:effemination内化角色:internalizedrole男性本位论:androcentric theory普遍性:universalism平均年龄:mean age平向流动:horizontalmobility普遍模式:universalpattern配对分析:pairanalysis旁观者效应:bystandereffect前言:preface弃婴:abandonment ofinfants亲属群体:kin group群体风气:group climate群体思维:groupthink 群众行动:mass action 趋势分析:trend analysis情绪感染:emotional contagion情绪创伤:emotional trauma人类学:anthropology 人口学:demography 人格分裂:dissociation of personality认知需求:need for cognition认同危机:identity crisis人道主义:humanitarianism声望:prestige索引:index失眠:agrypnia 术语:technical term赡养费:alimony失语症:aphasia受试人:experimentsubject社会人:sociologicalman宿命论:fatalism上向流动:upwardmobility适者生存:fittest tosurvive深入访问:depth/intensiveinterview树型分析:treeanalysis双重态度:dualattitudes适当样本:fair sample失常行为:aberrantbehavior社会适应:socialadaptation社会惯性:socialinertia受控试验:controlledexperiment试点调查:pilotinvestigation睡眠者效应:sleepereffect适应性反应:adaptation reaction社会决定论:agelicism社会改善论:meliorism生物决定论:biologicaldeterminism双职工家庭:dual-career family随机化设计:randomized design实验室实验:laboratoryexperiment说明性分析:explanatory study他杀:homicide胎儿:fetus推论:deduction同化:assimilation特殊性:particularism 退伍军人:veteran统计假象:statistical artifact态度量表:attitude scale通俗文化:popular culture逃避现实:retreat from reality探索性研究:exploratory study问卷:questionnaire 伪科学:pseudo-science文化促进:cultural acceleration微观分析:microscopic 外来援助:extrinsic aid 外显行为:manifestbehavior文献研究:libraryresearch外向性格的人:extrovert酗酒:alcoholism信度:credibility刑法:criminal law谢金:acknowledgementmoney享乐主义:hedonism雪球效应:snowballeffect信息过滤:informationfiltering文化偏见:bias ofculture性别歧视:sexism心理年龄:mental age心理满足:psychicgratification心理治疗:mentalhealing下向流动:downwardmobility现实主义:actualism学术自由:academicfreedom行动方案:actionscheme系统抽样:systematicsample线性趋势:liner trend习得性无助:learnedhelplessness小群体研究:smallgroup research选择性记忆:selectiveretention先天后天之争:nature-nurturedebate需要不足失业:demand-deficiencyunemployment抑郁:dysthymia因变量:dependent variable邮寄问卷:mail questionnaire异常曲线:abnormal curve意外受孕:accidental pregnancy因果联系:causal nexus原始资料:raw data应用逻辑:logic-in-use 移情作用:empathy样本统计:sample statistics有限总体:finite population已分组资料:grouped data一夫一妻家庭:monogamous family自恋:autophilia周岁:exact age择偶:mate selection资料库:data bank自变量:independentvariable总体法:aggregatemethod专业词汇:specialvocabulary罪感情结:guiltcomplex增长曲线:growthcurve长老统治:genocracy自我暗示:autosuggestion自然选择:naturalselection自我知觉:self-awareness自我概念:self-concept自我表露:self-disclosure自我展示:self-presentation自我监控:self-monitoring祖先崇拜:ancestorcult自答问卷:self-administeredquestionnaire重点访问:focusedinterview自卫性敏感:defensivesensitivity。
一信息检索的概念1 信息检索的定义:是指信息按一定的方式组织起来,并根据信息用户的需要找出有关的信息的过程和技术。
狭义的信息检索就是信息检索过程的后半部分,即从信息集合中找出所需要的信息的过程,也就是我们常说的信息查寻(Information Search 或Information Seek)。
2检索的原因:1.信息检索是获取知识的捷径。
2.信息检索是科学研究的向导。
3.信息检索是终身教育的基础。
3信息检索的热点3.1智能检索或知识检索传统的全文检索技术基于关键词匹配进行检索,往往存在查不全、查不准、检索质量不高的现象,特别是在网络信息时代,利用关键词匹配很难满足人们检索的要求。
智能检索利用分词词典、同义词典,同音词典改善检索效果。
3.2知识挖掘主要指文本挖掘技术的发展,目的是帮助人们更好的发现、组织、表示信息,提取知识,满足信息检索的高层次需要。
知识挖掘包括摘要、分类(聚类)和相似性检索等方面。
3.3异构信息整合检索和全息检索信息检索分布化和网络化的趋势下,信息检索系统的开放性和集成性要求越来越高,需要全息检索”的概念就是支持一切格式和方式的检索从实践来讲,发展到异构信息整合检索的层面,基于自然语言理解的人机交互以及多媒体信息检索整合等方面尚有待取得进一步突破。
另外,从工程实践角度,综合采用内存和外部存储的多级缓存、分布式群集和负载均衡技术也是信息检索技术发展的重要方面。
4信息检索的四个要素:信息检索的前提—信息意识信息检索的基础—信息源信息检索的核心—信息获取能力信息检索的关键—信息利用5 信息检索的主要环节:信息内容分析与编码,产生信息记录及检索标识。
组织存贮,将全部记录按文件、数据库等形式组成有序的信息集合。
6信息检索的方法普通法、追溯法和分段法。
二 SE、QA、IE、IF、IR的区别以下是分别从SE、QA、IE、IF、IR的定义,条件的提出者,主要任务,功能描述,需求变化率和技术路线几个方面进行阐述SE、QA、IE、IF、IR的区别。
青少年科学素质知识竞赛题库附答案青少年科学素养学问竞赛题库附答案1、为了有效防止个人计算机感染病毒,应在计算机上安装防病毒软件,并定期更新病毒库。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:A2、小明使用安装Windows操作系统的电脑,同学建议他电脑中重要的资料最好不要保存在C盘中。
这种说法不合理。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:B3、只要不访问互联网,就能避开受到木马侵害。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:B4、清除硬盘中的引导型计算机病毒必需以洁净的系统启动,然后再清除病毒。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:A5、"网络战"的概念是由美国领先提出的,包括网络盗窃战、网络舆论战和网络摧毁战三个方面的内涵,并在科索沃和伊拉克战斗中得以实践。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:A6、一些手机APP软件,没有用户信息更正及用户注销功能,只是其功能的缺失,用户不想用了只要直接卸载即可,其并没有什么违规违法之处。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:B7、Word文档也会感染木马。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:A8、重新格式化硬盘可以清除全部恶意代码。
()A.正确B.错误正确答案:B9、受理与处置涉嫌通讯信息诈骗用户的举报平台是()。
A.12300B.12598C.12321D.114正确答案:C10、2014年2月27日,中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央网络平安和信息化领导小组组长习近平主持召开中央网络平安和信息化领导小组第一次会议并发表重要讲话。
他强调()和()是事关国家平安和国家进展、事关宽阔人民群众工作生活的重大战略问题。
()A.信息平安信息化B.平安进展C.网络平安信息平安D.网络平安信息化正确答案:D11、下面不能作为病毒传播的途径的是()。
A.谈天程序B.移动硬盘C.内存条D.网络扫瞄正确答案:C12、群里不熟识的人发送不明文件或链接,但文件名具有吸引力,你应当:()。
A.立刻打开B.与发送者争论C.转发给其他人D.无视、不打开或删除正确答案:D13、将特定区域内的计算机和其他相关设备联结起来,用于特定用户之间通信和信息传输的封闭型网络是()。
信息筛选作文800字英文回答:Information filtering is a technique used to reduce the amount of information that is presented to a user. This can be done by using a variety of methods, such as keyword filtering, content filtering, and collaborative filtering.Keyword filtering is a simple method of information filtering that uses a list of keywords to determine which information is presented to the user. When a user enters a query, the system searches for information that contains the specified keywords. Only the information that contains the keywords is presented to the user.Content filtering is a more sophisticated method of information filtering that uses a variety of techniques to determine which information is presented to the user. These techniques can include natural language processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Content filteringsystems can be trained to identify specific types of information, such as news articles, blog posts, or videos. The system can then present the user with only the information that is relevant to their interests.Collaborative filtering is a type of informationfiltering that uses the preferences of other users to determine which information is presented to a user. Collaborative filtering systems collect data about the preferences of users, such as the items they have purchased, the movies they have watched, or the articles they have read. The system then uses this data to create a profilefor each user. When a user enters a query, the system compares their profile to the profiles of other users. The system then presents the user with information that is similar to the information that other users with similar profiles have enjoyed.Information filtering can be used to improve the user experience in a variety of ways. It can help users to:Find the information they are looking for more quicklyand easily.Avoid being overwhelmed by irrelevant information.Discover new and interesting information that they would not have otherwise found.中文回答:信息筛选是一种用来减少呈现给用户的信息量的技术。