物流供应链管理第九章习题复习资料

目录第一章现代物流管理概论 (2)第二章供应链管理 (6)第三章现代物流过程与管理 (10)第四章物流配送 (13)第五章物流中心与物流园区 (20)第六章城市物流与国际物流 (23)第七章物流模式 (28)第八章第三方物流与客户服务 (29)第九章现代物流技术与设备 (32)第十章现代物流管理方法 (37)第一章现代物流管理概论一、单项选择题1. 下列说法正确的是（）。

A. 物流活动克服了供给方和需求方在空间维和时间维方面的距离，创造了空间价值和时间价值。

B. “效益背反”是物流领域中的普遍现象，说明了提高物流某一功能的效益时，物流其他功能的效益同时要减少。

C. 流通活动中资金流是在所有权更迭的交易过程中发生的，可以认为从属于商流。

D. 物流被称为“第三利润源泉”是表明只要重视和发展物流业就能提高效益，产生利润。

2. 关于商流和物流，下列说法正确的是（）。

A. 商流指的是商品的商业性交易，是伴随着物流过程的商品所有权的转让。

B. 物流是增值性的经济活动，其主要经济功能之一是增加物流对象的使用价值。

C. 商流是产生物流的物质基础。

D. 商流和物流的关系非常密切，它们都具有相同的活动内容和规律。

3. 通过物流理论的研究，物流概念产生的原因是（）。

A. 经济原因和管理原因B. 企业原因和军事原因C. 经济原因和军事原因D. 理论原因和企业原因4. 商流与物流的关系（）。

A. 相互独立，毫无关系B. 关系密切，相辅相成C. 物流是商流的先导D. 商物不分离5. 电子商务物流中的瓶颈是（）。

A. 信息技术B. 管理方法C. 配送体系D. 商务标准6. 物流中二律背反的特性是指（）两方面的要求是相互矛盾的。

A. 物流服务与成本B. 物流数量与服务C. 物流结构与成本D. 物流数量与结构7．物体横向或斜向的移动，称作（）。

A. 搬运B. 装卸C. 装卸搬运D. 运输8．运输向用户提供的不是有形产品，而是一种服务，它创造了物品的（），并以该效用为主，辅以多种增值服务功能，满足了用户的需求。

Chapter 9Planning Supply and Demand in the Supply Chain:Managing Predictable VariabilityTrue/False1. Predictable variability is change in demand that cannot be forecasted.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy2. Faced with predictable variability of demand, a company’s goal is to respond in amanner that maximizes profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy3. The advantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period is very low inventory costs, because no inventory needs to be c arried from period to period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy4. The disadvantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period is that much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months when demand was lower.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. The advantage of building up inventory during the off season to keep productionstable year round lies in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, moreexpensive factory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The disadvantage of building up inventory during the off season to keepproduction stable year round is the expensive capacity that would go unusedduring most months when demand was lower.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. An approach where a firm works with their retail partners in the supply chain tooffer a price promotion during periods of low demand would shift some of thedemand into a slow period, thereby spreading demand more evenly throughoutthe year and reducing the seasonal surge.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. With supply and demand management decisions being made independently, it iseasier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. A firm can vary supply of product by controlling production capacity andinventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. A firm that uses flexible work hours from the workforce to manage capacity tobetter meet demand is using a seasonal workforce.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate11. Scheduling the workforce so that the available capacity better matches demandis using time flexibility from the workforce.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The use of a part-time workforce to increase the capacity flexibility by enablingthe firm to have more people at work during peak periods is designing productflexibility into the production processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. A firm that uses a temporary workforce during the peak season to increasecapacity to match demand is using a seasonal workforce.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. The use of dual facilities to manage capacity may be hard to sustain if the labormarket is tight.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. A firm that purchases peak production capability from other companies so thatinternal production remains level and can be done cheaply is usingsubcontracting.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. A firm that builds dedicated facilities to produce a relatively stable output ofproducts over time in a very efficient manner and purchases peak productioncapability from other companies is using subcontracting.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. A firm that has production lines whose production rate can easily be varied tomatch demand has designed product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy18. The use of a seasonal workforce requires that the workforce be multi-skilled andeasily adapt to being moved from line to line.Answer: ModerateDifficulty: Hard19. The use of common components across multiple products, with each producthaving predictably variable demand, will result in the demand for the components being relatively constant.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demandseason, the use of common components to create relatively constant overalldemand in the components is feasible.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demandseason, it is necessary to build products during the off season that have morepredictable demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22. Operations usually makes the promotion and pricing decisions.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23. Maximizing revenue is typically the objective when marketing and sales make thepromotion and pricing decisions.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. Pricing decisions based only on revenue considerations often result in anincrease in overall profitability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate25. The combination of pricing and aggregate planning (both demand and supplymanagement) can be used to maximize supply chain profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. When performing aggregate planning, the goal of all firms in the supply chainshould be to maximize individual firm profits.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Determining how profits will be allocated to different members of the supply chainis a key to successful collaboration.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. In general, as the fraction of increased demand coming from forward buyinggrows, offering the promotion during the peak demand period becomes moreattractive.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. Offering a promotion during a peak period that has significant forward buyingcreates even more variable demand than before the promotion.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy30. Average inventory decreases if a promotion is run during the peak period andincreases if the promotion is run during the off-peak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy31. Promoting during a peak demand month may decrease overall profitability if asignificant fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard32. As forward buying becomes a smaller fraction of the demand increase from apromotion, it is less profitable to promote during the peak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard33. As the product margin declines, promoting during the peak demand p eriodbecomes less profitable.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. When faced with seasonal demand, a firm should use a combination of pricing(to manage demand) and production and inventory (to manage supply) toimprove profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. Predictable variability isa. change in demand that can be forecasted.b. change in demand that cannot be forecasted.c. change in demand that has been planned.d. change in demand that has been scheduled.e. all of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy2. Which of the following is not a problem caused by products experiencingpredictable variability of demand?a. high levels of stockouts during peak demandb. high levels of excess inventory during periods of low demandc. increased responsiveness of the supply chaind. increased costs in the supply chaine. decreased responsiveness of the supply chainAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy3. A firm can handle predictable variability by managinga. supply using capacity, inventory, trade promotions, and backlogs.b. supply using capacity, inventory, subcontracting, and backlogs.c. demand using short-term price discounts and trade promotions.d. a and c onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Easy4. Seasonal demand can be met bya. maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand in anyperiod.b. building up inventory during the off season to meet demand during peakseasons.c. offering a price promotion during periods of low demand to shift some ofthe demand into a slow period.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: d Difficulty:Moderate5. The advantage of maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period isa. very low inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.b. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.c. very high inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.d. very high inventory costs because expensive capacity would go unusedduring most months when demand was lower.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate6. The disadvantage of maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meetdemand in any period isa. much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most monthswhen demand was lower.b. the expensive capacity would be used consistently throughout the year.c. most of the expensive capacity would still be used during most monthswhen demand was lower.d. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.e. None of the above are true.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate7. The advantage of building up inventory during the off season to meet d emandduring peak seasons and keep production stable year round isa. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.b. much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most monthswhen demand was lower.c. in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory.d. in the fact that a firm could get by with a larger, more expensive factory.e. None of the above are true.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8. The disadvantage of building up inventory during the off season to meet demandduring peak seasons and keep production stable year round isa. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.b. very high inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried from periodto period.c. in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory.d. in the fact that a firm could get by with a larger, more expensive factory.e. None of the above are true.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate9. The advantage of offering a price promotion during periods of low demand toshift some of the demand into a slow period isa. a demand pattern that is less expensive to supply.b. very high inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.c. in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, more expensive factory.d. much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most monthswhen demand was lower.e. all of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate10. Companies typically divide the task of supply and demand so thata. Marketing manages demand and Operations manages supply.b. Marketing manages supply and Operations manages demand.c. Marketing manages demand and supply.d. Operations manages demand and supply.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. With supply and demand management decisions being made independently,a. it is increasingly difficult to coordinate the supply chain, therebyincreasing profit.b. it is increasingly difficult to coordinate the supply chain, therebydecreasing profit.c. it is easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby decreasing profit.d. it is easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. A firm can vary supply of product by controllinga. production capacity and inventory.b. production capacity and price promotions.c. price promotions and inventory.d. production capacity and inventory promotions.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. Which of the following is not an approach that firms can use when managingcapacity to meet predictable demand variability?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. using common components across multiple productsAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy14. The capacity management approach that uses flexible work hours from theworkforce to manage capacity to better meet demand isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. use of seasonal workforce.c. use of subcontracting.d. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate15. The capacity management approach that uses a temporary workforce during thepeak season to increase capacity to match demand isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy16. The capacity management approach where a firm purchases peak productionfrom another firm so that internal production remains level and can be donecheaply isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The capacity management approach where a firm builds facilities to produce arelatively stable output of products over time in a very efficient manner andfacilities to produce a widely varying volume and variety of products, but at ahigher unit cost isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy18. The capacity management approach where a firm has production lines whoseproduction rate can easily be varied to match demand isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate19. Which approach to capacity management may be hard to sustain if the labormarket is tight?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate20. Which approach to capacity management makes use of spare plant capacity thatexists in the form of hours when the plant is not operational?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate21. Which approach to capacity management makes use of overtime, which is variedto match the variation in demand?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy22. Which approach to capacity management would schedule the workforce so thatthe available capacity better matches demand?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy23. Which approach to capacity management would use a part-time workforce toincrease capacity flexibility by enabling the firm to have more people at workduring peak periods?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate24. The key to which capacity management approach would involve having bothvolume (fluctuating demand from a manufacturer) and variety flexibility (demand from several manufacturers) to be sustainable?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard25. Which approach to capacity management would require that the workforce bemulti-skilled and easily adapt to being moved from line to line?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate26. Which approach to capacity management would use production machinery thatcan be changed easily from producing one product to another?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate27. Which approach to capacity management would only be effective if the overalldemand across all the products is relatively constant?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard28. Which of the following is an approach that firms can use when managinginventory to meet predictable demand variability?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. using common components across multiple productsAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate29. When a firm designs common components used in multiple products, with eachproduct having predictably variable demand, they are trying toa. develop relatively constant overall demand.b. use a seasonal workforce.c. build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products.d. use subcontracting.e. use dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy30. When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demandseason, in order to meet predictable variability with inventory, it musta. use common components across multiple products.b. use a seasonal workforce.c. build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products.d. use subcontracting.e. use dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate31. Supply chains can influence demand by usinga. production capacity and inventory.b. pricing and other promotions.c. price promotions and inventory.d. production capacity and inventory promotions.e. production capacity and other promotions.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate32. The pricing and promotion decisions are often made bya. marketing and sales.b. marketing and operations.c. operations and sales.d. marketing, operations, and sales.e. marketing and operations without sales.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate33. The promotion and pricing decisions made by marketing and sales typically havethe objective ofa. maximizing profitability.b. minimizing profitability.c. minimizing revenue.d. maximizing revenue.e. maximizing profitability across the supply chain.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard34. Pricing decisions based only on revenue considerations often result ina. a decrease in overall profitability.b. an increase in overall profitability.c. a decrease in overall revenue.d. a decrease in supply chain revenue.e. an increase in supply chain profitability.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate35. The combination of pricing and aggregate planning (both demand and supplymanagement) can be used toa. maximize customer orders.b. minimize customer orders.c. maximize supply chain profitability.d. minimize supply chain profitability.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy36. When performing aggregate planning, the goal of all firms should be toa. minimize company profits.b. maximize company profits.c. minimize supply chain profits.d. maximize supply chain profits.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate37. When planning, the goal of all firms in the supply chain should be to maximizesupply chain profits becausea. this leaves them less profit to divide among themselves.b. this leaves them more profit to divide among themselves.c. this outcome leaves them more profit to pay tax on.d. this outcome will increase their charitable giving.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy38. One key to successful collaboration when the supply chain is performingaggregate planning isa. determining how losses will be allocated to different members of thesupply chain.b. determining how profits will be allocated to different members of t hesupply chain.c. determining how labor will be allocated to different members of the supplychain.d. determining how customers will be allocated to different members of thesupply chain.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate39. Which of the following is not a key factor influencing the timing of a tradepromotion?a. impact of the promotion on demandb. product marginsc. cost of holding inventoryd. cost of changing capacitye. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate40. Which of the following is not a factor that would result in increased demand froma trade promotion?a. market growthb. stealing sharec. forward sellingd. forward buyinge. All of the above are factors in increased demand.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard41. An increase in consumption of the product either from new or existing customersisa. market growth.b. stealing share.c. forward selling.d. forward buying.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy42. Customers substituting the firm’s product for a competitor’s product isa. market growth.b. stealing share.c. forward selling.d. forward buying.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy43. Customers moving up future purchases to the present isa. market growth.b. stealing share.c. forward selling.d. forward buying.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy44. In general, as the fraction of increased demand coming from forward buyinggrows, offering the promotion during the peak demand period becomesa. less attractive.b. more attractive.c. more profitable.d. less significant.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45. Offering a promotion during a peak period that has significant forward buyinga. creates a desirable demand pattern.b. creates a demand pattern less costly to serve.c. creates a demand pattern even more costly to serve.d. shifts demand from the peak period to the slow period.e. shifts demand to a more desirable period.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard46. Average inventorya. increases if a promotion is run during the peak period.b. increases if a promotion is run during the off-peak period.c. decreases if a promotion is run during the peak period.d. decreases if a promotion is run during the off-peak period.e. both a and dAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. Promoting during a peak demand month may decrease overall profitability ifa. a small fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.b. any of the demand increase results from a forward buy.c. a significant fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.d. none of the abovee. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard48. As the product margin declines, promoting during the peak demand p eriodbecomesa. less profitable.b. more profitable.c. less of a risk.d. more desirable.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Discuss how a firm can respond to predictable variability of demand in the supplychain.Answer: Faced with predictable variability, a company’s goal is to respond in amanner that maximizes profitability. A firm must choose how to handlepredictable variability by utilizing techniques in two broad categories:1. Manage supply using capacity, inventory, subcontracting, and backlogs2. Manage demand using short-term price discounts and trade promotionsThe use of these tools enables the supply chain to greatly increase its profitability because it is able to match supply and demand in a much more coordinatedfashion. One way to meet seasonal demand requires carrying enoughmanufacturing capacity to meet demand in any period. The advantage of thisapproach is very low inventory costs, because no inventory needs to be carriedfrom period to period. The disadvantage, however, is that much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months when demand was lower.Another approach to meeting demand would be to build up inventory during theoff season to keep production stable year round. The advantage of this approach lies in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory. High inventory carrying costs, however, make this alternative expensive. A thirdapproach would be for a firm to work with their retail partners in the supply chain to offer a price promotion during periods of low demand. This promotion shiftssome of the demand into a slow period, thereby spreading demand more evenly throughout the year and reducing the seasonal surge. Such a demand pattern is less expensive to supply. A company needs to decide which alternativemaximizes their profitability.Often companies divide the task of supply and demand management betweendifferent functions. Marketing typically manages demand and Operations typically manages supply. At a higher level, supply chains suffer from this phenomenon as well, with retailers independently managing demand and manufacturersindependently managing supply. With supply and demand managementdecisions being made independently, it is increasingly difficult to coordinate thesupply chain, thereby decreasing profit. Therefore, maximizing profitabilitydepends on these decisions being made in a coordinated fashion and requiressupply chain partners to work together across enterprises.Difficulty: Hard2. Discuss the approaches that can be used to manage capacity to meetpredictable variability of demand.Answer: When managing capacity to meet predictable variability, firms use acombination of the following approaches:•Time flexibility from workforce: In this approach, a firm uses flexible work hours from the workforce to manage capacity to better meet demand. In manyinstances, plants do not operate continually and are left idle during portions of the day or week. Therefore, spare plant capacity exists in the form of hours when the plant is not operational. Many plants do not run three shifts, so the existingworkforce could work overtime during peak periods to produce more to meetdemand. If demand fluctuates by day of the week or week of the month and theworkforce is willing to be flexible, a firm may schedule the workforce so that theavailable capacity better matches demand. In such settings, use of a part-timeworkforce may further increase the capacity flexibility by enabling the firm to have more people at work during peak periods.•Use of seasonal workforce: In this approach, a firm uses a temporary workforce during the peak season to increase capacity to match demand. This approachmay be hard to sustain if the labor market is tight.•Use of subcontracting: In this approach, a firm subcontracts peak production so that internal production remains level and can be done cheaply. With thesubcontractor handling the peaks, the company is able to build a relativelyinflexible but low-cost facility where the production rates are kept relativelyconstant (other than variations that arise from the use of overtime). Peaks aresubcontracted out to facilities that are more flexible. A key here is the availability of relatively flexible subcontractor capacity. The subcontractor can often provide。

2022年年物流师第九章商业物流系统复习重点(一)第一节我国的商品流通渠道与环节一、商品流通渠道商品流通渠道是指商品从生产领域向消费领域转移过程中所经过的流转路线和所经过的经济组织。

商品流通渠道在商业运行和整个国民经济生活中, 相像人体的血液循环系统。

流通渠道的畅通无阻, 显示市场和整个经济生活的活力, 保证商品源源不断地从生产领域向消费领域转移。

现阶段我国商品流通渠道可以分为三大类。

(一)产销合一的渠道。

又称产销直接联系的渠道。

是由生产者把商品直接卖给消费者, 不需要商人或企业部门在买卖中间作媒介。

(二)产销分别渠道。

又称商业渠道。

它是由商业部门来组织商品流通的全过程。

商品生产出来以后, 首先由批发部门和零售部门进展收购。

经过运输、储存、加工、编配等活动, 通过批发商业和零售商业的形式或环节, 先后转卖到消费者手中。

这种渠道是商业运行的主要渠道。

(三)产销结合的渠道。

它是由生产企业和销售企业先后有序地共同组织完成商品流通的全过程。

商品生产出来以后, 先由生产部门的推销机构完成一般商品流通过程, 再由商业部门连续完成商品流转的其它过程, 直到最终卖给消费者。

上述商品流通渠道, 根据详细的商品流转路线不同, 又有多种详细的组织形式。

在我国, 产销直接联系的渠道包括农村集市贸易、城乡农贸市场、生产单位的自销门市部或其销售机构和某些大型专用设备的定点供给等。

商业渠道则包括：(1)经过零售商业为媒介的, 如厂店挂钩：(2)经过单个批发和零售环节为媒介的, 主要是地产地销商品;(3)经过多个批发环节和单位个零售环节为媒介的, 如某些集中生产分散消费的工业品或分散生产集中消费的农产品, 往往要经过产地批发环节到中转地、集散地和销售地批发环节, 最终再经过零售企业出售给消费者。

产销结合的渠道则包括有：生产部门的销售机构只经营产地批发, 或经营中转批发, 或进一步经营销地批发。

经过上述批发, 再由商业企业经营。

物流与供应链管理复习资料(doc 12页)第一章1.试述物流的概念。

物流是指物品从供应地向需求地的实体流动过程。

根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。

2.讨论物流、商流、信息流的关系。

商流是物流的先导，物流是商流的基础，信息流伴随着商流和物流。

3.物流有何效用？又有何价值？物流活动创造价值在于它在物资流转、运动过程中形成了时间效用、场所效用、形质效用。

物流的价值可以归纳为：获得第三利润源泉（3rd profitresource ）、降低成本(reducingcost)、提性质与地位企业或组织体的“后勤”，“内部事务”；成本支出项目企业或组织体的“先锋”， “外部事务”；价值创造事业 目标与理念效率与成本的均衡 效率、成本、服务 与效益的均衡服务对象企业或组织体内部企业或组织体外部顾客功能定位节约成本的“手段”与“策略”扩大销售、增加利润的“战略”6.物流的构成要素？基础要素：与物流活动有关的“人、财、物”；功能（活动）要素：运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等。

7.商流与物流的关系：1)商流：对象物所有权转移的活动；2)物流：实物从供应方向需求方的转移，创造时间和空间价值；3)都是流通的组成部分，二者结合才能有效地实现商品由供方向需方的转移。

关系密切、相辅相成；4)物流是产生商流的物质基础；（谁先谁后、需求与实际操作的区别）5)局部环节独立发生、全局上总是相伴发生。

8.物流的种类分类标准或方法物流种类或名称其他名称空间范围国际物流、国内物流、区域物流、城市物流、企业物流—物流主体生产企业物流、流通企业物流、专业化物流、消费者物流制造商物流、批发商物流、零售商物流、第三方物流、第四方物流物流业种铁路物流、公路物流、航运物流、航空物流、邮政物流行业物流物流阶段供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、退货物流、回收物流、废弃物流采购物流、厂内物流、正向物流、逆向物流物流客体生产资料物流、消费品物流、散装货物流、包装货物流—其他宏观物流、中观物流、微观物流社会物流、行业物流、企业物流9. 物流管理（Logistics management）为了满足客户的需求，对商品、服务和相关信息从产出点到消费点的合理、有效的流动和储存，进行规划、实施和控制的过程。

【第九章国际物流】【选择题】1．CFR条款下，买方应：（）A．承担货物在装船时越过船舷后的风险B．负责租船订舱，支付到指定目的港的运费C．办理货运保险，支付保险费D．办理出口手续E．办理进口手续【答案】ABE2．交易磋商中不可缺少的环节是：（）A．询盘B．发盘C．还盘D．接受E．以上四个环节必不可少【答案】BD3．商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国，对于本国来说为：（）A．进口贸易B．出口贸易C．过境贸易D．转口贸易E．复出口【答案】C3．我国对外贸易商品检验检疫的范围包括:( ）A．所有进出口的商品B．船舶C．集装箱D．海运出口危险品的包装E．《进出境动植物检疫法》规定的商品【答案】BCDE5．出境货物最迟于报关或装运前天报检.（）A．7B．15C．20D．30E．60【答案】A6．对一般的进出口货物报关时需交验以下哪些单证？（）A．进出口货物报关单B．发票C．商品检验证明D．减免税或免检证明E．提货单、装货单或运单【答案】ABCDE7．海上风险包括：( ）A．恶劣气候B．流冰C．船舶搁浅D．偷窃E．战争【答案】ABC8．根据我国现行的《海洋货物运输保险条款》的规定，基本险别包括：( ）A．平安险B．偷窃、提货不着险C．水渍险D．一切险E．串味险【答案】ACD9．平安险的承保责任范围包括：（）A．由于自然灾害和运输工具发生意外事故，造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失B．由于运输工具遭遇搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失C．在装卸转船过程中，被保险货物一件或数件落海所造成的全部损失或部分损失D．货物在运输过程中,因一般外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失E．货物在运输过程中,因特殊外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失【答案】BC10．出口货物的报关报检等工作可由（）办理。

A．出口商B．进口商C．国际货运代理D．理货机构E．船方【答案】AC11．以下单证具有物权凭证作用的有:（)A．提单B．提货单C．货协运单D．航空货运单E．多式联运单据【答案】A12．根据货物外表状况有无不良批注可将提单分为:（）A．记名提单B．指示提单C．不记名提单D．清洁提单E．不清洁提单【答案】DE13．国际海上货物运输有关国际公约有:（）A．《海牙规则》B．《海牙/维斯比规则》C．《汉堡规则》D．《华沙公约》E．《海牙议定书》【答案】ABC13．国际集装箱运输中,拼箱货的装拆箱业务是在进行的。

供应链管理课后习题答案第一章、供应链管理导论1.供应链的结构特征是什么？将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。

2.何谓供应链管理？简述供应链管理与传统企业管理的区别和联系。

供应链管理就是使以核心企业为中心的供应链运作达到最优化，以最低的成本，另供应链从采购开始，到满足最终用户的所有过程，包括工作流、实物流、信息流、资金流等均高效率运作，把合适的产品，以合理的价格，及时准确的送到消费者手中。

区别：①传统企业的运营思想是生产是为了销售，而供应链企业运营的思想是按订单准时生产、快速响应客户需求②传统企业的管理手段是控制库存、降低库存成本，而供应链管理的手段是供应链企业协同创新、共创价值③传统企业提高生产效率的主要方法是扩大批量、增加规模效应，而供应链企业提高效率的主要方法是提升企业的柔性和敏捷性联系：供应链管理主要是以物流运行作为流程的，是开放性的，传统企业只是供应链管理中的一个环节，是闭环的。

3.供应链管理的关键在于实现企业内部及企业之间资源的集成。

从这个角度，分析互联网在供应链管理中的重要地位。

从管理难度的角度：现在的客户关系管理、企业资源计划等系统使得管理更加容易，尤其是对于一些全球性企业和跨区域企业从效率的角度：通过IT系统，从客户需求到计划、采购、生产、运输等供应链的整个过程更加迅速、高效。

当然也包括上下游企业和核心企业之间的沟通。

从成本的角度：管理难度下降，效率提升，这实际上降低了企业的成本4.电子商务将成为21世纪最主要的商业模式之一，它将对企业传统的业务流程带来巨大变革。

请阐述供应链管理对我国企业成功实施电子商务的重要意义。

基于电子商务的供应链的管理的主要内容涉及订单处理、生产组织、采购管理、运输与配送管理、库存管理、客户服务、支付管理等，供应链管理可促进电子商务的发展，使资源在供应链网络中合理流动，来缩短交货周期、降低库存，并且通过提供自助交易的自助式服务以降低成本，提高速度和精确性，增强企业竞争力。

供应链管理（第三版）章节练习题题库及答案第一章供应链认知（一）判断题（1）供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且还是一条增值链。

（T ）（2）传统管理模式是以规模化需求和区域性的卖方市场为决策背景，通过规模效应降低成本，获得效益。

（ F ）（3）供应链管理这一名词最早出现于20世纪80年代，最初是由咨询业提出的。

（T ）（4）让最终顾客更满意是供应链全体成员的共同目标,顾客满意的实质是顾客获得超出他们承担的产品价格以上的那部分“价值”。

（T ）（5）供应链管理是以同步化、集成化生产计划为指导，以各种信息技术为支持，尤其以Internet/Intranet为依托。

（T ）（6）供应链管理整体成本最小化意味着每个节点企业的成本都是最小。

（ F ）（7）从成本方面来看，供应链管理是通过注重产品最终成本来优化供应链的。

（T ）（8）由于供应链节点企业有一个共同的追求目标，所以它们之间不再有竞争性。

（F ）（9）供应链管理中的“零库存”就是指节点企业的库存为零。

（ F ）（10）从系统的观点出发，改进服务、缩短时间、提高品质与减少库存、降低成本是可以兼得的。

（T ）二、单选题1、供应链是（C）结构。

A、直链B、支链C、网链D、环状2、供应链节点企业之间是一种（A ）关系。

A、需求与供应B、支配C、平等D、利益3、供应链管理因企业战略和适应市场需求变化的需要，链上节点企业需要动态地更新，这就使得供应链具有明显的（B ）。

A、复杂性B、动态性C、交叉性D、灵活性4、从20世纪80年代初到20世纪90年代初供应链管理处于（A ）。

A、初级阶段B、发展阶段C、成熟阶段D、建设阶段5、按照道格拉斯·兰伯特的思想，企业主动召回有问题的已售商品，属于供应链业务流程的（ B ）程序？A、订单配送B、反向物流（回流）C、需求管理D、制造流程管理三、多选题1、传统“纵向一体化”管理模式存在的弊端有（ABCD ）。

同步测试一、单项选择题1. 只有在通畅、及时而准确的（）指引下，供应链上的其他流才是有效的，才能达到效率最优、成本最低。

BA．物流 B.信息流 C.资金流 D.商流2. 与供应链信息相比，供应链信息流更（）CA．实物化 B.准确 C.动态 D.孤立3. 在供应链信息流的控制模式中，（）指信息在部门之间或企业之间传递，由部门或企业决定信息传递的方向及内容。

AA. 分散控制B. 集中控制C. 综合协调控制4. 以下哪个自动识别技术最新。

（）DA．条码技术 B. RFID技术 C. 5G技术 D.机器视觉识别技术5. 供应链协同有三层含义，其中（）的协同，由合作与博弈的关系转变为彼此在供应链中更加明确分工和责任的伙伴关系。

CA．信息层面 B.业务流程层面 C.组织层面 D.功能层面6.在（）阶段，数字化采购将完善历史支出知识库，实现供应商信息、价格和成本的完全可预测性。

AA．可预测战略寻源 B.自动化采购执行 C.前瞻性供应商管理 D.战略采购7.供应链协同的外在动因是（）BA．提升供应链效率 B. 应对复杂多变的外部环境C. 巩固供应链各方的合作关系D．降低供应链成本8. 供应链信息层面的协同，通过供应链伙伴成员间的（），实现运营数据、市场数据的实时共享和交流，从而实现伙伴间更快、更好地协同响应终端客户需求。

BA．合作结盟 B. 信息系统集成 C.流程重组 D. 相互竞争9. 拉式供应链的主要信息流方向与物流方向（）AA．反向 B.同向 C.双向都有10.（）是解决供应链上信息系统对接、消除信息孤岛的基础性条件。

A A．标准化 B. 信任环境 C.信息平台 D.信息安全二、多项选择题1. 从供应链环节的角度划分，供应链信息包括（）。

ABCDA.供应源信息B. 配送与零售信息C.生产信息D.需求信息E.战略信息2. 以下哪些描述了信息在供应链管理中的作用（）BCDEA．供应链信息要求准确及时的传递。

B．有助于正确做出库存管理、运输设计、设施网点选址等驱动供应链的管理决策，使供应链运作更有效果。

供应链管理第三版Unit9习题与答案（精品文档）_共18页Chapter 9Planning Supply and Demand in the Supply Chain:Managing Predictable VariabilityTrue/False1.Predictable variability is change in demand that cannot be forecasted.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy2.Faced with predictable variability of demand, a company’s goal is to respond in amanner that maximizes profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy3.The advantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period is very low inventory costs, because no inventory needs to be carried from period to period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy4.The disadvantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period is that much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months when demand was lower.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5.The advantage of building up inventory during the off season to keep productionstable year round lies in the fact that a firm could get by witha smaller, moreexpensive factory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6.The disadvantage of building up inventory during the off season to keepproduction stable year round is the expensive capacity that would go unusedduring most months when demand was lower.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7.An approach where a firm works with their retail partners in the supply chain tooffer a price promotion during periods of low demand would shift some of thedemand into a slow period, thereby spreading demand more evenly throughoutthe year and reducing the seasonal surge.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8.With supply and demand management decisions being made independently, it iseasier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. A firm can vary supply of product by controlling production capacity andinventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. A firm that uses flexible work hours from the workforce to manage capacity tobetter meet demand is using a seasonal workforce.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate11.Scheduling the workforce so that the available capacity better matches demandis using time flexibility from the workforce.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12.The use of a part-time workforce to increase the capacity flexibility by enablingthe firm to have more people at work during peak periods is designing productflexibility into the production processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. A firm that uses a temporary workforce during the peak season to increasecapacity to match demand is using a seasonal workforce.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14.The use of dual facilities to manage capacity may be hard to sustain if the labormarket is tight.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. A firm that purchases peak production capability from other companies so thatinternal production remains level and can be done cheaply is usingsubcontracting.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. A firm that builds dedicated facilities to produce a relatively stable output ofproducts over time in a very efficient manner and purchases peak productioncapability from other companies is using subcontracting.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. A firm that has production lines whose production rate can easily be varied tomatch demand has designed product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy18.The use of a seasonal workforce requires that the workforce be multi-skilled andeasily adapt to being moved from line to line.Answer: ModerateDifficulty: Hard19.The use of common components across multiple products, with each producthaving predictably variable demand, will result in the demand for the components being relatively constant.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20.When most of the products a firm produces have thesame peak demandseason, the use of common components to create relatively constant overalldemand in the components is feasible.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21.When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demandseason, it is necessary to build products during the off season that have morepredictable demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22.Operations usually makes the promotion and pricing decisions.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23.Maximizing revenue is typically the objective when marketing and sales make thepromotion and pricing decisions.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24.Pricing decisions based only on revenue considerations often result in anincrease in overall profitability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate25.The combination of pricing and aggregate planning (both demand and supplymanagement) can be used to maximize supply chainprofitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26.When performing aggregate planning, the goal of all firms in the supply chainshould be to maximize individual firm profits.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27.Determining how profits will be allocated to different members of the supply chainis a key to successful collaboration.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28.In general, as the fraction of increased demand coming from forward buyinggrows, offering the promotion during the peak demand period becomes moreattractive.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29.Offering a promotion during a peak period that has significant forward buyingcreates even more variable demand than before the promotion.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy30.Average inventory decreases if a promotion is run during the peak period andincreases if the promotion is run during the off-peak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy31.Promoting during a peak demand month may decrease overall profitability if asignificant fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard32.As forward buying becomes a smaller fraction of the demand increase from apromotion, it is less profitable to promote during the peak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard33.As the product margin declines, promoting during the peak demand periodbecomes less profitable.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34.When faced with seasonal demand, a firm should use a combination of pricing(to manage demand) and production and inventory (to manage supply) toimprove profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1.Predictable variability isa.change in demand that can be forecasted.b.change in demand that cannot be forecasted.。

《物流与供应链管理》复习资料一、单选题1、()是物流的主要功能。

A、包装B、装卸搬运C、流通加工D、储存或运输正确答案：D2、物流概念最先由()提出。

A、美国B、日本C、德国D、英国正确答案：A3、生产季节性商品的企业,为了协调旺季和淡季需求的不均匀性,通常采用在淡季生产储备一定数量的商品以调节旺季的巨大需求,这种储备克服了()。

A、所有权间隔B、场所间隔C、时间间隔D、使用权间隔正确答案：C4、有关物流与商流关系的论述中不正确的是()。

A、社会发展初期,商流与物流是统一的,随着社会生产力水平的发展,商流与物流逐渐分离B、在当今高度发达的市场经济环境中,物流发生的同时,物品所有权也随之转让了C、在一定条件下,商流与物流分离可以降低物流成本,加快货物的交货速度D、采取赊销购物方式,会引起物流在前,商流在后的物流、商流分离形式正确答案：B5、当供应商采用货到付款的方式与其他企业交易商品,则会引起()。

A、物流在前,商流在后B、商流在前,物流在后C、商流与物流同时发生D、商流迂回,物流直达正确答案：A6、物流活动产生于()。

A、古代B、20世纪初C、二战期间D、20世纪80年代正确答案：A7、1954年,提出物流是“市场营销的另一半”是()。

A、美国经济学家鲍尔·康柏斯B、日本早稻田大学西泽修教授C、中国经济学家樊刚D、英国著名经济学家克里斯多夫正确答案：A8、物流过程中运输、仓储、包装、装卸、搬运等各环节的改善,不能仅从单方面考虑,应将各环节作为一个系统来看待,考虑综合效益。

这在物料搬运中体现了()。

A、集装化原则B、提高搬运活性原则C、减少无效搬运原则D、系统化原则正确答案：D9、物流质量具体包含以下内容:商品的质量保证及改善;物流()质量;物流工作质量;物流工程质量。

A、管理B、服务C、综合D、技术正确答案：B10、第三方物流服务的成功因素中最主要的是()。

A、可靠性B、准时性C、快捷性D、为客户服务正确答案：D11、由供方与需方以外的物流企业提供物流服务的业务模式是()。

第一章物流是经济领域的“黑暗大陆”1.物流的价值及其体现：系统价值、经济活动价值、成本价值、环境价值、企业发展战略价值、国民经济价值、新经济价值2.物流概念的产生1、物流活动和人类历史一样久远，物流随着商品的出现而产生,当社会出现了商品交换，便有了原始的物流。

2、在人类社会早期，生产力水平极端低下，生产出来的产品有限，主要用于自己消费,因此,在这种自给自足的自然经济状态下，因为没有交换，也无需考虑物品的运输、储存等问题，也就没有对物流的需求。

3、资本主义初期，由于机器大生产的出现，极大提高劳动生产率，生产产品种类和数量开始增多，简单的物物交换开始出现，物流也就产生了，但物流的产生不代表物流概念的形成，虽然劳动生产率提高了，但从整个社会来看，总的产品数量仍然有限，人们不必担心产品卖不出去，人们的注意力都放在改进生产技术、扩大生产规模上，而不关心分销运输成本和效益，因而也不会产生物流概念。

4、20世纪初，随着生产力水平的提高，社会总产品数量达到饱和的程度，产品供大于求，市场竞争激烈，想再提高生产技术有一定难度，因此，更多的企业将精力转移到如何把产品顺利的销售出去上，物流的概念开始萌芽，此时的物流指的是销售过程中的物流。

1915 年阿奇•萧在《市场流通中的若干问题》一书中首次提到物流一词，有的人把它译成“实物分销”或“物流”，是最早的物流概念。

5、第二次世界大战期间，美国后勤运用一套科学方法，成功将各种战略物资及时准确的送往全球各地，这套方法在军事上称为logistics,意为后勤。

战后，后勤补给的方法经发展，运用在企业采购、生产与销售的业务流程，取得巨大的经济效益，物流概念最终确立，此时物流不仅指销售物流，还包括原材料采购、在制品移动、产成品销售全过程的物资流通活动。

6、我国在20世纪80 年代引进物流概念，很长一段时间没有引起足够重视，近几年才引起理论界和社会各方面对物流的关注。

3.现代物流：为实现顾客满意，连接供给主体和需求主体，克服空间和时间阻碍的有效、快速的商品、服务流动经济活动过程。