高中英语复习测试题-被动语态讲解及练习
（一）语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tom （执） cleans （谓动）the room （承） every day.
（主动）
The room （承）is cleaned （谓动） by Tom （执） every day. （被动）
被动语态结构： 助动词 be + 动词的过去分词 done ， 即 be done ，
常译为 被”、给”、由”、受”等词用来表示被动关系。
（二） 被动语态的用法
（1）
动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用 by 短语。
Some skills are taught in our computer less ons. （2） 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stole n last ni ght.
（3）
突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用
by 短语。
The wi ndow was broken by Mike.
窗户是迈克打破的。
（三） 被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词 be 的各种时态变化来体现， done 不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。 以do 为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：
1.一般现在时： am / is / are + done
2 •—般过去时：
was / were + done 3.—般将来时：
shall / will + be done
am/is/are going to be done
4.现在完成时：
have / has + bee n + done
5.情态动词：
can/may/must/should/have to be done
以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：
现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时： was / were + being + done 过去完成时：had + bee n + done
过去将来时：should / would + be done
My aunt in vited me to her dinner party.
执行者 动词 承受者
was in vited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法
I
承受者谓语by+执行者
1•把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2•把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3•把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。
练习：
1. 一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.
___________________________ in the south of the country.
2. 一般过去时：Nancy Jackson desig ned the CD-ROM.
The CD-ROM ___________________________ Nancy Jacks on.
3. 一般将来时：They will hold the charity show in the school hall.
The charity show ___________________________ in the school hall.
4. 现在完成时：He has brought his book here.
His book ___________________________ here.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态：You must hand in your homework after class.
Your homework ____________________________________ after class.
（五）语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has bee n bought.（正确）
A new computer have been bought. （错误）
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was give n a prese nt on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词，如上句还可说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：1.下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：
bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。
⑴ The book was show n to the class.
(2) My bike was lent to her.
2. —般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,女口：
buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing 等。
(1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
3. 由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有: 动词+ 介词，女口: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on 等。
动词+ 副词，女口: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up 等。
The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom.
The song is ofte n liste ned to by girls.
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后
面。如：
(1) We always keep the classroom clea
n.
(keep sth. clea n)
T The classroom is always kept clea n. (sth be kept clea n)
(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do …)
T We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do …)
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 ______ 9, 但改成被动语态后都补上to。
We ofte n hear him play the guitar. T He is ofte n heard to play the guitar.
记住下列变化：
see sb do …be see n to do
hear sb do be heard to do
liste n to sb do be liste ned to to do
make sb do …be made to do
