英语作文中的常见修辞手法
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英语写作常用修辞手法
1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and
digested.
3>. I study all day as a bee .He has a heart of stone.
4>. I study all day as a bee .
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 ,换喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.
我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes
very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.
6.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如: 1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the
morning. 2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the
waiter said to the beggar.
.Allegory 讽喻,比方 这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如: 1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
7.Hyperbole 夸张 overstatement understatement
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997
9. 移位修饰 transferred epithet
将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。
例如：
There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。
The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。
He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。
This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。
10. 头韵 alliteration
两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。
例如：proud as a peacock
blind as a bat
safe and sound
Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。
The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。
The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。
11. Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如: 1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
12. Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如: 1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
13. Repetition重复
Repetition 是英语中重要的常用的修辞手法之一。其基本用法是连续或间断重复使用同一单词、短语或者句子。
1. Lear: And my poor fool is hang’d! No, no, no life! Why should a dog, a horse, a rat
have life, And thou no breath at all? Thou’ll come no more, Never, never, never, never, never!...李尔：我的可怜的傻瓜给他们绞死了！没有命了，没有命了，没有命了！为什么一条狗、一匹马、一只耗子，都有生命，唯独你却没有一丝呼吸？你再也不会回来了，永远，永远，永远，永远，永远也不会回来了！
2. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow. Creeps in the petty pace from day to
day To the last syllable of recorded time
(William Shakespeare : Macbeth) 明天，明天，又明天， 光阴就这样一天天移步向前 直到最后一秒钟的时间。
14. Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.
例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐
