英语词法--副词辨析

英语语法错误分析

§10．3 副词辨义

1．词尾有ly与无ly的区别

（1）late，lately

late意为“迟、晚”，它仅置于句未或动词后：He goes to bed late and gets up late； lately意为“最近、近来”，它既可置于句首，也可置于句未：Lately，I have read much of Shelley's poem．Here is a song composed lately．

（2）pretty，prettily

pretty的意思与rather相近，意为“相当、颇、十分”，如：It's pretty cold outdoors today．另外，副词 pretty常用于下列短语中：pretty much=very，pretty nearly=almost，pretty well=almost，sit pretty=be in a very good position；prettily的意思为“漂亮的、有礼貌的”，如：The little girl was prettily dressed．The pupil asked his teacher prettily．

（3）hard，hardly

hard意为“努力地、猛烈地、紧紧地”，它置于动词后，如：It is rainning hard．hardly意为“几乎不、简直不”，它常置于行为动词之前或连系动词、助动词、情态助动词之后，还可置于句首，引出一个状语从句hardly„when，如：I'm so tired that I can hardly walk．Hardly had he arrived when it began to rain．

（4）large，largely

large作副词意为“夸大、自夸”，如：He often talks large．它还用于下列习语中：write large（显而易见），sail large（顶风航行），by and large（总的说来），另外，large只可置于动词之后； largely意为“主要的、大量的、广泛的”，它既可置于动词前，也可置于动词后，如：He drinks largely．His theories were largely adopted by working men．

（5）false，falsely

false作副词时，仅用于 play sb．false（=betray or cheat sb．）中，并且只可置于句未，如：His wife played him false．falsely意为“冤枉、虚假、虚伪”，它可置于动词前后，如：He was falsely accused．He treated me falsely．

（6）clean，cleanly

clean作副词意为“完全地、彻底地”，它用于非正式文体中，常和它连用的有动词forget，介词over和through，副词away和out，它习惯置于所修饰的词之前，但在习语come clean中，它却放在动词后。

a．I clean forgot it．

b．The bullet went clean through his heart．

c．The prisoner got clean away． d．I'm afraid I'm clean out of food．

cleanly意为“干净利落、没弄糟、准确地”，它常放在动词后。

e．The butcher's knife cut cleanly through the meat．

f．He caught the ball cleanly．

（7）new，newly

new作副词一般用在某些合成词中，常与过去分词构成合成形容词，两个词之间一般都有连字符号，如 a new－born baby（新生儿），a new－laid egg（刚生的蛋），new－found land（新发现的大陆），new－mown hay（刚割下的草），new－fallen snow（刚下的雪），a new－found friend（新交的朋友）； newly意为“新近”，仅用于过去分词之前，它与过去分词之间无连字符号（名词 newly－wed除外），如 a newly mar-ried couple，on the newly painted chair。 （8）low，lowly

low是个常用副词，意为“低、低声”，除了构成合成词low－necked，low－minded，low－pitched以外，它仅用于动词后，如 bought low and sold high。 The cloud hand low．lowly常作形容词，它作副词时意为“卑贱地、低下地”，它既可置于动词后，也可置于过去分词之前。

a．He bowed lowly before the Queen．

b．They were lowly paid workers．

（9）last，lastly

last作副词意为“上一次”，它既可放在动词之前，也可放在动词之后；lastly意为“最后（一点）”，它置于句首。

a．It's a long time since I saw you last．

b．When did you last go to the cinema？ c．Lastly，let me mention the great support I've had from my wife．

（10）express，expressly

express意为“作为快件寄运”，它仅用于动词之后。

a．Send your trunk express to Boston．

expressly意为“清楚地、专门地”，它既可置于动词前，也可置于动词后。

b．I expressly told him I wouldn't go．

c．I came expressly to bring it to you．

（11）even，evenly

even意为“甚至、即使、连„都、比„更”，它作副词时可以置于名词、代词、动词、形容词比较级、副词、介词短语等之前，表示强调。

a．Even a child can understand the book． b．Even he was in a heavy mood．

c．She even helped me to do the work．

d．Even at night，he seldom relaxed．

e．Even now I don't know him．

f．This book is even more useful than that．

另外，even还用于下面一些短语：even as（正当„时候），even if/though（即使），even so（尽管如此），even now/then（甚至此时/那时）。

evenly意为“均匀地、平均地”，它可置于动词后或过去分词之前。

g．Spread the butter on the bread evenly．

h．Supplies of ordinary commodities must be evenly distributed．

（12）easy，easily easy作副词和easily意义相同，但它仅用于某些惯用语中，如take it easy（别着急），easy come，easy go（来得容易去得快），easier said than done（说来容易做来难），easy does it（慢慢干），get off easy（没受太大惩罚），go easy with/on（不要吃得太多），stand easy（稍息）；easily意为“容易地、轻松地、随便地”，它可置于动词之后，也可置于过去分词之前。

a．They lost their temper easily．

b．And he is easily hurt； he is not tough．

（13）firm，firmly

firm作副词与firmly意义相同，它仅置于动词之后，但它仅用于某些搭配中，如hold firm（抓牢），stand firm（立稳）。

a．Whether I lose my job through this strike，I stand firm by you． b．Always hold firm to your beliefs．

firmly意为“牢牢地、坚定地”，它既可置于动词之前，也可置于动词之后。

a．I firmly believe in collective leadership．

b．I had to speak firmly to him．

（14）full，fully

full作副词意为“直接、迎面”，它不可置于动词之前。此外，它还用于下面短语中：full many（很多），full well（很好）。

a．The blow hit him full in the face．

fully意为“完全、全部、充分、整整”，它既可置于动词之前，也可置于动词之后。

b．Even now I don't fully understand why．

c．I answered the question fully．

（15）bright，brightly bright作副词意为“明亮”，它只能和shine连用，并且只可放在shine之后。

a．The sun shone bright．

b．She asked which of the two lamps shone brighter．

brightly意为“明亮、鲜艳”，它可置于动词之后，也可置于过去分词之前。

c．The stars are shining brightly．

d．The temple is colourful and brightly painted．

（16）just，justly

just作副词常表示强调，意为“就在、正好、正要、刚才”，它常放在所强调或修饰的词前。

a．He is just a child．

b．He lives just round the corner． justly意为“正当地、公正地”，它可以放在动词后，也可放在过去分词之前。

c．He was treated justly．

d．He was justly punished for his crimes．

（17）sound，soundly

sound作副词意为“熟睡”，它常与asleep连用。另外，它有时可置于sleep后代替soundly。

a．The child was sound asleep．

b．He was sleeping sound．

soundly除了“熟睡”之外，还可以表示“痛打、大败、健康地”，可置于动词之后或过去分词之前。

a．Though he slept soundly，he awoke instantly．

b．In the football match Oxford was soundly beaten by Cambridge．