新帕尔格雷夫经济学大词典专题索引

新帕尔格雷夫经济学大词典专题索引亚当·斯密的“有效需求” "Effectual Demand", in Adam Smith自回归综合移动平均模型ARIMA Models不在地主Absentee绝对地租Absolute Rent绝对的和可交换的价值Absolute and Exchangeable value国际收支的开支吸收分析法Absorption Approach to the Balance of Payments 吸收能力Absorptive Capacity节欲Abstinence抽象劳动与具体劳动Abstract and Concrete Labour加速原理Acceleration Principle会计学与经济学Accounting and Economics私人和社会会计Accounting, Private and Social资本的积累Accumulation of Capital非循环性Acyclicity适应性预期Adaptice Expectation总额相符问题Adding-up Problem调整的成本Adjustment Cost调整过程与稳定性Adjustment Processes and Stability有管理的价格Administered Prices预付Advances逆选择Adverse Selection广告Advertising顾问Advisers人口老化Ageing Populations代理费Agency Costs生产要素Agents of Production总需求理论Aggregate Demand Theory总需求和总供给分析Aggregate Demand and Supply Analysis总供给函数Aggregate Supply Function加总问题Aggregation Problem经济关系的总和Aggregation of Economic Relations农业经济学Agricultural Economics农业增长和人口变化Agricultural Growth and Population Change农产品供给Agricultural Supply农业与经济发展Agriculture and Economic Development农业与土地Agriculture and Land异化Alienation阿莱悖论Allais Paradox阿尔蒙滞后Almon Lag利他主义Altruism美国经济协会American Economic Association摊销Amortization类比Analogy无政府主义Anarchism反托拉斯政策Antitrust Policy适用技术Appropriate Technology套利Arbitrage套利定价理论Arbitrage Pricing Theory仲裁Arbitration军备竞赛Arms Races阿罗定理Arrow's Theorem阿罗-德布勒一般均衡模型Arrow-Debren Model of General Equilibrium资产定价Asset Pricing资产与负债Assets and Liabilities指派问题Assignment Problems非对称信息Asymmetric Information原子状竞争Atomistic Competition拍卖者Auctioneer拍卖Auctions奥地利经济学派Austrian School of Economics自给自足Autarky自发支出Autonomous Expenditures自回归和移动平均时间序列过程Autoregressive and Moving-average Time-series Processes 平均成本定价Average Cost Pricing阿弗奇一约翰逊效应Averch-Johnson effect公理化理论Axiomatic Theories交割延期费Backwardation落后性Backwardness贸易差额理论史Balance of Trade, History of The Theory平衡预算乘数Balanced Budget Maltiptier平衡增长Balanced Growth中央银行利率Bank Rate银行学派,通货学派,自由银行学派Banking School, Currency School, Free Banking School 讨价还价(议价) Bargaining物物交换Barter物物交换和交易Barter and Exchange基本品和非基本品Basics and Non-Basics基点计价制Basing Point System杂牌凯恩斯主义Bastard Keynesianism贝叶斯推断Bayesian Inference以邻为整Beggar-the-neighbor行为经济学Behavioral Economics有偏和无偏的技术进步Biased and Unbiased technological Change出价Bidding双边垄断Bilateral Monopoly复本位制Bimetallism生物经济学Bioeconomics经济学在生物学中的应用Biological Applications of Economics伯明翰学派Birmingham School生死过程Birth-and-death Processes债券Bonds有限理性论Bounded Rationality资产阶级Bourgeoisie贿赂Bribery泡沫状态Bubbles预算政策Budgetary Policy缓冲存货Buffer Stocks内在稳定器Built-in Stabilizers金银本位主义的争论Bullionist Controversy束状图Bunch Maps公债负担Burden of The Debt官僚制度Bureaucracy经济周期Business Cycles不变替代弹性生产函数CES Production Function变分法Calculus of Variations官房经济学派Cameralism资本资产定价模型Capital Asset Pricing Model资本预算的编制Capital Budgeting资本外逃Capital Flight资本的收益与损失Capital Gains and Losses资本品Capital Goods资本的反常现象Capital Perversity资本理论Capital Theory资本的理论：争论Capital Theory: Debates资本理论：悖论Capital Theory: Paradoxes固定资本利用程度Capital Utilization作为一种生产要素的资本Capital as A Factor of Production作为一种社会关系的资本Capital as a Social Relation资本、信贷和货币市场Capital, Credit and Money Markets资本主义Capitalism资本主义的与非资本主义的生产Capitalistic and Acapitalistic Production 卡特尔Cartel交易学Catallactics突变论Catastrophe Theory赶超Catching-up因果推理Causal Inference经济模型中的因果关系Causality in Economic Models删截数据模型Censored Data Models中央银行业务Central Banking中心地区理论Central Place Theory中央计划Central Planning波动重心Centre of Gravitation确定性等价Certainty Equivalent如果其他条件不变Ceteris Paribus偏好的改变Changes in Tastes宪章运动：宪章的条款Chantism: the point of the Charter物品特性Characteristics宪章运动Chartism低息借款Cheap Money芝加哥学派Chicago School技术选择与利润率Choice of Technique and the Rate of Profit 牟利学(理财) Chrematistics基督教社会主义Christian Socialism循环流动Circular Flow流通资本Circulating Capital阶级Class古典经济学Classical Economics古典增长模型Classical Growth Models古典货币理论Classical Theory of Money历史计量学Cliometrics社团Clubs合作社Co-operatives科斯定理Coase Theorem柯布-道格拉斯函数Cobb-Douglas Function蛛网定理Cobweb Theorem共同决定和利润分享Codetermination and Profit-sharing同族学科Cognate Displines柯尔培尔主义Colbertism集体行动Collective Action集体农业Collective Agriculture劳资集体谈判Collective bargaining合谋Collusion殖民主义Colonialism殖民地Colonies联合Combination组合论Combinatorics命令经济Command Economy商品拜物教Commodity Fetishism商品货币Commodity Money商品储备货币Commodity Reserve Currency公共土地Common Land习惯法Common Law公共财产权Common Property Rights通讯Communications共产主义Communism社会(公共)无差异曲线Community Indifference Curves比较利益Comparative Advantage比较静态学Comparative Statics补偿需求Compensated Demand补偿Compensation补偿原理Compensation Principle竞争Competition竞争政策Competition Policy竞争与效率Competition and Efficiency竞争与选择Competition and Selection国际贸易竞争Competition in International Trade奥地利学派的竞争理论Competition: Austrian Conceptions古典竞争理论Competition: Classical Conceptions马克思学派的竞争理论Competition: Marxian Conceptions竞争性市场过程Competitive Market Processes一般均衡的计算Computation of General Equlibria集中比率Concentration Ratios冲突与解决Conflict and Settlement冲突与战争Conflict and War拥挤Congestion综合性大企业Conglomerates推测均衡Conjectural Equilibria炫耀性消费Conspicuous Consumption不变资本和可变资本Constant and Variable Capital制度经济学Constitutional Economics耐用消费品Consumer Durables消费者剩余Consumer Surplus消费者支出Consumers, Expenditure消费函数Consumption Function消费集Consumption Sets消费税Consumption Taxation消费与生产Consumption and Production可竞争市场Contestable Markets或有商品Contingent Commodities经济历史的连续性Continuity in Economic History连续和离散时间模型Continuous and Discrete Time Models连续-时间随机模型Continuous-time Stochastic Model连续时间随机过程Continuous-time Stochastic Processes矛盾Contradiction资本主义的矛盾Contradictions of Capitalism经济活动的控制与协调Control and Coordination of Economic Activity 趋向性假说Convergence Hypothesis凸规划Convex Programming凸性Convexity合作均衡Cooperative Equilibrium合作对策Cooperative Games核心Cores谷物法Corn Laws谷物模型Corn Model公司经济Corporate Economy公司Corporations社团主义Corporatism对应原理Correspondence Principle对应Correspondences成本函数Cost Functions成本最小化和效用最大化Cost Minimization and Utility Maximization 成本和供给曲线Cost and Supply Curves生产成本Cost of Production成本-效益分析Cost-benefit Analysis成本推动型通货膨胀Cost-push Inflation反向贸易Counter Trade反设事实Counterfactuals抗衡力量Countervailing Power蠕动钉住汇率Crawling Peg创造性破坏Creative Destruction信贷Credit信贷周期Credit Cycle信贷配给Credit Rationing犯罪与处罚Crime and Punishment危机Crises关键路径分析Critical Path Analysis挤出效应Crowding Out累积的因果关系Cumulative Causation累积过程Cumulative Processes通货Currencies通货委员会Currency Boards关税同盟Customs Unions周期Cycles社会主义经济的周期Cycles in Socialist Economies技能退化De-skilling高息借款Dear Money销路理论Debouches, Theorie des分权Decentralization决策理论Decision Theory衰落产业Declining Industries人口下降Declining Population国防经济学Defence Economics赤字财政Deficit Financing赤字支出Deficit Spending垄断程度Degree of Monopoly效用程度Degree of utility需求管理Demand Management需求价格Demand Price需求理论Demand Theory货币需求：经验研究Demand for Money: Empirical Studies货币需求：理论研究Demand for Money: Theoretical Studies需求拉动型通货膨胀Demand-pull Inflation人口转变Demographic Transition人口统计学Demography依附Dependency折耗Depletion折旧Depreciation萧条Depressions派生需求Derived Demand决定论Determinism发展Development发展经济学Development Economics发展计划Development Planning辩证唯物主义Dialectical Materialism辩证推理Dialectical Reasoning微分对策Differential Games获得的困难Difficulty of Attainment生产的难易程度Difficulty or Facility of Production技术扩散Diffusion of Technology经济量的维数Dimension of Economic Quantities直接税Direct Taxes直接非生产性寻利活动Directly Unproductive Profit-seeking (DUP) Activities 离散的选择模型Discrete Choice Models歧视性垄断Discriminating Monopoly歧视Discrimination非均衡分析Disequilibrium Analysis隐蔽性失业Disguised Unemployment反中介行动Disintermediation扭曲Distortions分配Distribution占典分配理论Distribution Theories: Classical凯恩斯主义的分配理论Distribution Theories: Keynesian马克思主义的分配理论Distribution Theories: Marxian新古典分配理论Distribution Theories: Neoclassical分配伦理Distribution, Ethics of分配规律Distribution, Law of分配公平Distributive Justice多样化经营Diversification of activities分段的总体和随机模型Divided Populations and Stochastic Models股息政策Dividend Policy迪维西亚指数Divisia Index劳动分工Division of Labour经济学说Doctrines土地调查清册Domesday Book家务劳动Domestic Labour复式簿记Double-entry Bookkeeping二元经济Dual Economies二元性Duality虚拟变量Dummy Variables倾销Dumping双头垄断Duopoly动态规划和马尔可夫决策过程Dynamic Programming and Markov Decision Process 经济增长和发展的动力学Dynamics, Growth and Development东西方经济关系East-west Economic Relations伊斯特林假说Easterlin Hypothesis经济计量学Econometrics经济人类学Economic Anthropology社会主义经济的经济计算Economic Calculation in Socialist Economies经济自由Economic Freedom经济增长Economic Growth经济和谐Economic Harmony经济史Economic History经济一体化Economic Integration历史的经济学解释Economic Interpretation of History经济法则Economic Laws经济人Economic Man经济组织Economic Organization经济组织与交易成本Economic Organization and Transaction Costs经济科学与经济学Economic Science and Economics经济剩余与等边际原理Economic Surplus and the Equimarginal Principle经济理论与理性假说Economic Theory and The Hypothesis of Rationality国家的经济理论Economic Theory of the State经济战Economic War经济和社会人类学Economic and Social Anthropology经济和社会史Economic and Social History经济学图书馆与文献的使用Economics Libraries and Documentation规模经济与规模不经济Economies and Diseconomies ofScale经济计量学Economitrics有效需求Effective Demand实际保护Effective Protection有效配置Efficient Allocation有效率市场假说Efficient Market Hypothesis国际收支的弹性分析方法Elasticities Approach to the Balance of Payments弹性Elasticity替代弹性Elasticity of Substitution就业理论Employment, Theories of空匣Empty Boxes内生性与外生性Endogencity and Exoyeneity内生货币与外生货币Endogenous and Exogenous Money能源经济学Energy Economics强制执行Enforcement恩格尔曲线Engel Curve恩格尔定律Engel's Law英国历史学派English Historical School权利Entitlements企业家Entrepreneur熵Entropy进入与市场结构Entry and Market structure包络定理Envelope Theorem环境经济学Environmental Economics妒忌Envy国民历代大事记或民族精神编年史Ephemerides du Citoyen ou Chronique de I'esprit National 经济学中的认识论问题Epistemological Issues in Economics均等利润率Equal Rates of Profit平等Equality交易方程Equation of Exchange均衡：概念的发展Equilibrium: Development of The Concept均衡：一个预期性的概念Equilibrium: an Expectational Concept公平Equity遍历理论Ergodic Theory变量误差Errors in Variables估计Estimation欧拉定理Euler's Theorem欧洲美元市场Eurodollar Market事前与事后Ex Ante and Ex Post过度需求与供给Excess Demand and Supply交换Exchange外汇管制Exchange Control汇率Exchange Rate可能竭资源Exhaustible Resources一般均衡的存在性Existence of General Equilibrium退出和进言Exit and Voice预期Expectations预期效用假说Expected Utility Hypothesis预期效用及数学期望Expected Utility and Methematical Expectation消费支出税Expenditure Tax经济学中的实验方法(i) Experimental Methods in Economics(i)经济学中的实验方法(ii) Experimental Methods in Economics(ii)剥削Exploitation展延家庭Extended Family扩展型对策Extensive Form Games粗放与集约地租Extensive and Intensive Rent外债External Debt外在经济External Economies外在性Externalities费边经济学Fabian Economics因子分析Factor Analysis要素价格边界Factor Price Frontier公平分配Fair Division公平性Fairness下降的利润率Falling Rate of Profit家庭Family计划生育Family Planning饥荒Famine法西斯主义Fascism生育力Fecundity人口出生率Fertibity封建主义Feudalism法定不兑现纸币Fiat Money虚拟资本Fictitious Capital信用发行Fiduciary Issue最终效用程度Final Degree of Utility最终效用Final Utility金融Finance金融资本Finance Capital融资和储蓄Finance and Saving金融危机Financial Crisis金融中介Financial Intermediaries金融新闻业Financial Journalism金融市场Financial Markets微调Fine Tuning厂商理论Firm, Theory of The财政联邦主义Fiscal Federalism财政态势Fiscal Stance发展中国家的财政和货币政策Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Developing Countries 渔业Fisheries固定资本Fixed Capital固定汇率Fixed Exchange Rates不变生产要素Fixed Factors不动点定理Fixed Point Theorems固定价格模型Fixprice Models浮动汇率Flexible Exchange Rates强制储蓄Forced Saving预测Forecasting对外援助Foreign Aid国外投资Foreign Investment对外贸易Foreign Trade对外贸易乘数Foreign Trade Multiplier森林经济Forests欺骗Fraud自由银行制度Free Banking自由处置Free Disposal免费物品Free Goods免费午餐Free Lunch自由贸易和保护主义Free Trade and Protection充分就业Full Employment充分就业预算盈余Full Employment Budget Surplus完全及有限信息方法Full and Limited Information Methods泛函分析Functional Analysis功能财政Functional Finance根本性失衡Fundamental Disequilibrium可替代性Fungibility期贷市场、套头交易与投机Futures Markets, Hedging and Speculation 期货交易Futures Trading模糊集合Fuzzy Sets贸易收益Gains from Trade对策论(博奕论) Game Theory不完全信息对策Games With Incomplete Information赌博合同Gaming Contracts度规函数Gauge Functions资本搭配Gearing性别Gender一般均衡General Equilibrium一般系统理论General System Theory德国历史学派German Historical School吉布拉定律Gibrat's Law吉芬悖论Giffen's Paradox赠品Gifts吉尼比率Gini Ratio经济理论中的整体分析Global Analysis in Economic Theory金本位Gold Standard黄金时代Golden Age黄金律Golden Rule货物与商品Goods and Commodities政府预算约束Government Budget Restraint图论Graph Theory重力模型Gravity Models格莱辛定律Gresham's Law总替代品Gross Substitutes群(李群)论Group(Lie Group)Theory增长的核算Growth Accounting增长与周期Growth and Cycles经济增长与国际贸易Growth and International Trade哈恩问题Hahn Problem汉密尔顿体系Hamiltonians哈里斯-托达罗模型Harris-Todaro Model哈罗德-多马增长模型Harrod-Domar Growth Model霍金斯一西蒙条件Hawkins-Simon Condition卫生经济学Health Economics赫克歇尔-俄林贸易理论Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory套头交易Hedging享乐函数和享乐指数Hedonic Functions and Hedonic Indexes享乐主义Hedonism黑格尔主义Hegelianism赫芬达尔指数Herfindahl index异方差性Heteroskedasticity隐蔽活动，道德风险与合同理论Hidden Action, Moral Hazard and Contract Theory 等级制度Hierarchy讨价还价Higgling健全货币与货币基础High-powered Money and The Monetary Base历史成本会计Historical Cost accounting历史人口统计学Historical Demography经济思想及学说史History of Thought and Doctrine齐次函数和位似函数Homogeneous and Homothetic Functions国际游资Hot Money家庭预算Household Budgets家庭生产Household Production家务劳动Housework住房市场Housing Markets人力资本Human Capital人类资源Human Resources虚构的生产函数Humbug Production Function持猎和采集经济Hunting and Gathering Economies恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation假设检验Hypothesis TestingIS-LM分析IS-LM Analysis理想指数Ideal Indexes理想产出Ideal Output理想类型Ideal Type识别Identification意识形态Ideology贫困化增长Immiserizing Grow尽早消费偏好Impatience不完全竞争Imperfect Competition不完全模型Imperfectionist Models帝国主义Imperialism默认契约Implicit Contracts进口替代和出口导向型增长Import Substitution and Export-Led Growth 派算Imputation剌激的协调性Incentive Compatibility刺激性合同Incentive Contracts收入Income收入-支出分析Income-Expenditure Analysis收入政策Incomes Policies不完全合同Incomplete Contracts不完全市场Incomplete Markets规模报酬递增Increasing Return to Scale指数Index Numbers指数化证券Indexed Securities指导性计划Indicative Planning指标Indicators无差异定律Indifference, Law of间接税Indirect Taxes间接效用函数Indirect Utility Function个人主义Individualism不可分性Indivisibilities归纳Induction产业组织Industrial Organization劳资关系Industrial Relations产业革命Industrial Revolution工业化Industrialization不等式Inequalities不平等Inequality国家之间的不平等Inequality between Nations人与人的不平等Inequality between Persons性别的不平等Inequality between The Sexes工资的不平等Inequality of Pay新生工业Infant Industry婴儿死亡率Infant Mortality通货膨胀Inflation通货膨胀会计Inflation Accounting通货膨胀与增长Inflation and Growth通货膨胀预期Inflationary Expections通货膨胀缺口Inflationary Gap非正规经济Informal Economy信息论Information Theory继承Inheritance继承税Inheritance Taxes创新Innovation投入-产出分析Input-output Analysis制度经济学Institutional Economics工具变量Instrumental Variables保险Insurance整数规划Integer Programming需求的可积性Integrability of Demand智力Intelligence相依偏好Interdependent Preferences利率Interest Rate利息和利润Interest and Profit多种利益Interests代际模型Intergenerational Models内部经济Internal Economies国内移民Internal Migration内部收益率Internal Rate of Return国际资本流动International Capital Flows国际金融International Finance国际收入比较International Income Comparisons 国际债务International Indebtedness国际清偿能力International Liquidity国际移民International Migration国际货币经济学International Monetary Economics 国际货币体制International Monetary Institutions 国际货币政策International Monetary Policy国际贸易International Trade。