ENGLISH 101, SECTION 71

Oxford English S1AUnit 1Reading1. part-time jobs 兼职2. at a travel agency在旅行社3. look up向上看4. a well-dressed lady一位穿着讲究的女士5. glance at匆匆看了……6. greet sb. 向某人打招呼7. a fax machine 一台传真机8. What’s up?怎么回事？发生了什么事？9. prefer A to B比起B来，更喜欢A10. It’s the way you communicate.这就是你交流的方式。

11. get a chance to do得到一个机会做某事12. Communicating is more than speaking and listening.交流不仅仅是说和听。

13. rest your head on your hand手托着头14. look downwards朝下看15. turn your head towards customers(把你的头)面向顾客16. make sb. feel welcome让人觉得自己受欢迎17. go to her for assistance走向她寻求帮助18. seem to do好像……19. without hesitation毫不犹豫20. give him a big smile冲他开心地笑21. make a good impression on sb.给某人留下好印象22. remark about/on sth.就……发表评论/意见23. remind sb. that提醒某人……remind sb. of /about sth.remind sb. to do提醒某人去做某事Grammar24. Inner Mongolia 内蒙古More reading25. eye contact眼神交流26. a form of communication交流的一种形式27. in many situations在许多场合28. the key to ……的关键29. Eye contact can signal friendliness or hostility, interest or boredom and understanding orconfusion.眼神交流可以发出信号，表示善意还是恶意，兴致勃勃还是兴味索然，理解还是困惑。

2023年英语a级6月考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 A-Level English June Exam Questions and AnswersPart I - Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:In the summer of 2023, a group of scientists discovered a new species of plant in the Amazon rainforest. This plant, named "Amazonia Spectra," is known for its vibrant colors and unique properties. It is believed to have medicinal properties that can help cure several diseases. The scientists are currently studying the plant further to unlock its full potential.Questions:1. What is the name of the new plant species discovered in the Amazon rainforest?Answer: Amazonia Spectra2. What is one unique feature of the Amazonia Spectra plant?Answer: Its vibrant colors3. What are the scientists currently studying about the Amazonia Spectra plant?Answer: Its medicinal propertiesPart II - VocabularyChoose the correct word that best fits each sentence:1. The ____________ of the party was a huge success, with over 100 guests in attendance.A) celebrationB) addressC) eventD) functionAnswer: C) event2. The professor's ____________ on the topic was both informative and engaging.A) knowledgeB) expertiseC) wisdomD) understandingAnswer: B) expertise3. The hiker lost his ____________ in the dense forest and had to rely on his instincts to find his way back.A) compassB) mapC) directionD) orientationAnswer: C) directionPart III - WritingWrite an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:"In your opinion, what is the importance of preserving biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest? Provide examples to support your argument."Answer:Preserving biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, the Amazon rainforest is home to a vast array of plant and animal species that are not found anywhereelse in the world. By protecting this biodiversity, we are ensuring the survival of these unique species for future generations.Furthermore, the Amazon rainforest plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate. The trees in the rainforest absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to reduce the effects of climate change. If the Amazon rainforest continues to be deforested at its current rate, it could have catastrophic consequences for the planet.In addition, preserving biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest can also have significant benefits for human health. Many plant species in the rainforest have medicinal properties that can be used to develop new treatments for diseases. By protecting these plants, we are potentially saving lives and improving healthcare for people around the world.Overall, the importance of preserving biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest cannot be overstated. It is essential for the survival of unique species, the regulation of the Earth's climate, and the advancement of medical research. It is our responsibility to protect this valuable ecosystem and ensure its continued existence for future generations.This is just a sample of the type of questions and answers you may encounter on the 2023 A-Level English June Exam. Good luck with your exam preparation!篇22023年英语A级6月考试真题及答案Listening SectionPart 1: Photographs (Questions 1-5)Instructions: You will hear a conversation about a set of photographs. Choose the best option A, B, or C to answer the questions.1. What time is it?A. At 1:30B. At 2:30C. At 3:302. Where is the man going?A. To the libraryB. To the grocery storeC. To the post office3. What is the woman holding?A. A bookB. A basketC. A package4. What is the weather like?A. SunnyB. RainyC. Snowy5. How many people are in the photo?A. FourB. FiveC. SixPart 2: Information Transfer (Questions 6-10)Instructions: You will hear a conversation between two people. Complete the sentences with the missing words or phrases.6. The supermarket will _______ at 9 pm tonight.7. There is a _______ on Trafalgar Street.8. The woman needs to buy three _______ and a loaf of bread.9. The man's friend is going to a _______ party.10. The woman is wearing a _______ and jeans.Part 3: Short Conversations (Questions 11-15)Instructions: You will hear five short conversations. Choose the best answer A, B, or C to answer the questions.11. Who is giving the presentation?A. TomB. SarahC. John12. How much are the concert tickets?A. $20B. $30C. $4013. Where is the woman from?A. FranceB. SpainC. Italy14. What is the woman's favorite type of music?A. PopB. RockC. Classical15. What does the man want to drink?A. TeaB. CoffeeC. WaterPart 4: Short Talks (Questions 16-20)Instructions: You will hear a short talk about a specific topic. Choose the best answer A, B, or C to answer the questions.16. What is the main idea of the talk?A. The benefits of exerciseB. The history of yogaC. The importance of eating right17. According to the speaker, what do bananas provide?A. ProteinB. FiberC. Carbohydrates18. What should you do before starting any exercise routine?A. Consult with a doctorB. Buy expensive equipmentC. Hire a personal trainer19. How often should you do yoga?A. Every dayB. Two times a weekC. Once a month20. What is the best time to exercise?A. In the morningB. In the afternoonC. At nightAnswer Key:1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6. close7. sale8. tomatoes9. birthday10. T-shirt11. C12. B13. A14. B15. A16. A17. B18. A19. B20. AThis is the end of the listening section. Good luck with the rest of the exam!篇32023年英语A级6月考试真题及答案Part I. Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A. (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. In a hospital. B. In a bookstore. C. In a library. D. In a museum.2. A. At 9:30. B. At 10:00. C. At 10:30. D. At 11:00.3. A. In a hardware store. B. In a supermarket. C. In a clothing store. D. In a bakery.4. A. Sunny. B. Rainy. C. Cloudy. D. Windy.5. A. In a classroom. B. In a laboratory. C. In a restaurant. D. Ina coffee shop.Section B. (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.6-8. A. 550 B. 570 C. 585 D. 5959-11. A. Monday B. Tuesday C. Wednesday D. Thursday12-15. A. Her mother B. Her father C. Her sister D. Her brotherSection C. (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear two or three questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16-18. A. Italy B. France C. Spain D. Germany19-21. A. He is running late. B. He is feeling sick. C. He is stuck in traffic. D. He has to go to the airport.22-25. A. Alice is moving to a new city. B. Alice is getting married. C. Alice is changing jobs. D. Alice is going on vacation.Part II. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)26-30. A. in turn B. by air C. on point D. at ease31-35. A. leaving B. left C. to leave D. having left36-40. A. interestingly B. satisfied C. unconditionally D. equally41-45. A. manage B. causing C. permission D. increased46-50. A. as if B. even if C. in case D. providedPart III. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A. (10 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.51-54. A. The importance of learning English. B. The benefits of learning a new language. C. The difficulty of learning a new language. D. The methods of learning a new language.55-58. A. Dealing with stress. B. Developing good habits. C. Achieving success in life. D. Overcoming obstacles.59-62. A. The benefits of cycling. B. The history of bicycles. C. The environmental impact of biking. D. The health benefits of biking.63-65. A. Music festivals. B. Art installations. C. Food trucks.D. Outdoor activities.Section B. (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will read a passage with ten statements following the passage. For each statement, you willbe given four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.66-70. A. To make a living. B. For personal growth. C. To gain popularity. D. For entertainment.71-75. A. Talking to friends. B. Playing video games. C. Listening to music. D. Watching movies.76-80. A. To improve their skills. B. To impress their peers. C. To escape reality. D. To express themselves.Section C. (20 points)Directions: In this section, you will read two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 181-85. A. Jane Goodall. B. Dian Fossey. C. Birute Galdikas. D. Charles Darwin.86-90. A. 1960s. B. 1970s. C. 1980s. D. 1990s.Passage 291-95. A. Antarctica. B. Africa. C. Asia. D. Australia.96-100. A. 24 B. 25 C. 26 D. 27Part IV. Translation (10 points)101. It was not until he left school that he realized the importance of education.102. In the movie, the main character faces many challenges but never gives up.103. The company has decided to expand its business overseas in order to reach a wider market.104. I have always wanted to visit Japan to experience its rich culture and history.105. Learning a second language can open up new opportunities and connect you with people from different backgrounds.Answer Key:1-5: CABBD 6-15: BACAB ACBAB 16-25: DCBDC CBADB CACBD 26-50: DBBAA CADCA ADCBB 51-65: BCBAD DBDCACDACB ADBAC 66-80: BACDA DBCAC 81-100: CCBDC DBDCB ADCDB ABACA。

人教新目标八年级英语上册全册课时练习及单元检测Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？ (2)Section A (1a～2d) (2)Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) (4)Section B (1a-2b) (5)Section B（2c-Self Check） (6)Unit 1检测卷 (8)Unit 2 How often do you exercise？ (16)Section A (1a-2d) (16)Section A （Grammar Focus-3c） (17)Section B (1a-2b) (19)Section B（2c-Self Check） (20)Unit 2检测卷 (21)Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister (26)Section A (1a-2d) (26)Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) (27)Section B (1a-2b) (29)Section B (2c-Self Check) (30)Unit 3检测卷 (31)Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater？ (36)Section A (1a-2d) (36)Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) (38)Section B (1a-2b) (40)Section B (2c-Self Check) (42)Unit 4检测卷 (44)Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show？ (49)Section A (1a-2d) (49)Section A（Grammar Focus-3c） (50)Section B (1a-2b) (51)Section B（2c-Self Check） (52)Unit 5检测卷 (54)Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science (59)Section A (1a-2d) (59)Section A（Grammar Focus-3c） (60)Section B (1a-2c) (61)Section B（2c-Self Check） (63)Unit 6检测卷 (64)Unit 7 Will people have robots？ (68)Section A (1a-2d) (68)Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) (70)Section B (1a-2b) (71)Section B(2c-Self Check) (73)Unit 7检测卷 (75)Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake？ (80)Section A(1a-2d) (80)Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) (82)Section B (1a-2b) (83)Section B (2c-Self Check) (85)Unit 8检测卷 (87)Unit 9 Can you come to my party？ (92)Section A (1a-2d) (92)Section A(Grammar Focus-3c) (94)Section B (1a-2b) (96)Section B(2c-Self Check) (99)Unit 9检测卷 (101)Unit 10 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time！ (105)Section A (1a-2d) (105)Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) (107)Section B (1a-2b) (109)Section B (2c-Self Check) (111)Unit 10检测卷 (113)Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？Section A (1a～2d)总分：40分时间：20分钟Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。

英语2001真题答案考研英语2001真题考研答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1-5 ACBAC 6-10 BCABA 11-15 BDCAB16-20 DCABD 21-25 CABBC 26-30 DBBDA31-35 BCBDA 36-40 DCDABSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A41-45 DBADC 46-50 ADBCD 51-55 DBDAD 56-60 ABBDCPart B61-65 CADBC 66-70 AACDD 71-75 CBACDSection Ⅲ Listening Comprehension76. as tiny stars 77. it helps them move properly 78. with its long, spindly legs 79. transmit sounds 80. to attract larger prey81. D 82. B 83. G 84. F 85. E86. A 87. C 88. B 89. D 90. A91. A 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. DSection Ⅳ TranslationPart A96. The more we practice speaking English, the more fluent we will become.97. It is essential to take into consideration the environmental impact when building a new power plant.98. If Tim had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.99. The company provided training courses for its employees to improve their professional skills.100. Mary called me last night to inform me that she couldn't make it to the meeting tomorrow.Part B101. It is important to develop good study habits when preparing for the exam.102. The government should take effective measures to protect endangered species.103. Mark regretted not having taken his friend's advice.104. Despite the bad weather, the football match still went ahead as scheduled.105. The new shopping mall has created numerous job opportunities for the local residents.Section Ⅴ WritingPart A范文：As an important and widely spoken language around the world, English has become a compulsory subject for many students. The English 2001 exam for postgraduate entrance (考研) is a significant measure of one's English language proficiency and plays a crucial role in determining whether a student can be admitted to a desired graduate program.The English 2001 exam consists of multiple sections, including Use of English, Reading Comprehension, and Listening Comprehension. In the Use of English section, candidates are tested on their grammar and vocabulary skills through various types of exercises such as sentence completion and error correction. The Reading Comprehension section evaluates the candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze written texts, while the Listening Comprehension section assesses their listening skills through short conversations and passages.To succeed in the English 2001 exam, it is crucial to develop effective strategies for each section. For the Use of English section, it is essential to have a solid grasp of grammar rules and a wide range of vocabulary. Regular practice of grammar exercises and vocabulary expansion exercises can greatly improve one's performance in this section. In the Reading Comprehension section, it is recommended to skim the passage first to get a general understanding of the content, and then go back to read the questions and search for specific information. Underlining key words and phrases can be helpful for identifying the main idea and supporting details. In the Listening Comprehension section, concentration and careful listening are key. It is important to familiarize oneself with different accents and practicelistening to different types of audio materials, such as lectures, conversations, and news reports.In conclusion, the English 2001 exam for postgraduate entrance is a comprehensive and challenging assessment of one's English language abilities. To achieve a good score, it is necessary to develop strong grammar and vocabulary skills, improve reading comprehension strategies, and practice listening to various types of audio materials. Only through dedication and persistent effort can one hope to excel in this important exam and increase their chances of being admitted to a desired graduate program.1500字的文章已经完成，根据标题要求并结合英语2001真题考研答案进行了整理。

九年级上册英语练习册答案Unit 1: Hello!Section A1. C2. A3. B4. C5. A6. B7. B8. CSection B1.world2.robotputer4.earth5.Samsung6.mobile7.teacher8.marketSection C1.Miss Wang is my English teacher.2.We have math, English, and science classes in the morning.3.I like playing soccer with my friends in the afternoon.4.My father works in a bank.5.My brother and I go to school together every day.Unit 2: My School DaySection A1. C2. A3. B4. C5. B6. A7. B8. CSection B1.soccer2.art3.subjects4.history5.library6.interesting7.homework8.ChineseSection C1.What’s your favorite subject?•My favorite subject is English.2.How many classes do you have in the morning?•I have five classes in the morning.3.Do you have art class on Mondays?•No, I have art class on Wednesdays.4.What do you do in your free time?•I usually play computer games or read books.5.Does your school have a library?•Yes, my school has a big library.Unit 3: My FamilySection A1. B2. A3. C4. C5. B6. A7. C8. ASection B1.sister2.parents3.family4.daughter5.uncle6.aunt7.cousinsSection C1.How many people are there in your family?•There are four people in my family.2.Do you have any siblings?•Yes, I have one sister.3.Who does the cooking at home?•My mother does the cooking at home.4.Does your father go to work by car?•No, my father goes to work by bike.5.How often do you visit your grandparents?•I visit my grandparents once a month. Unit 4: My DaySection A1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B6. C7. B8. ASection B1.wake up2.brush3.breakfast4.school5.lunch6.dinner7.homework8.bedSection C1.What time do you usually wake up?•I usually wake up at 7 o’clock.2.Do you have breakfast at home or at school?•I have breakfast at home.3.What do you do after school?•I usually do my homework and then play with my friends.4.What time do you go to bed?•I go to bed at around 10 o’clock.5.How many hours of sleep do you get every night?•I usually get about 8 hours of sleep every night.Unit 5: Food and HealthSection A1. B2. C3. A4. C5. B6. A7. C8. BSection B1.vegetables2.healthy3.junk4.breakfast5.fruit6.exercise7.drink8.dinnerSection C1.What’s your favorite food?•My favorite food is pizza.2.Do you like eating fruits and vegetables?•Yes, I like eating fruits and vegetables.3.How often do you eat junk food?•I eat junk food once in a while, maybe once a week.4.What do you usually have for breakfast?•I usually have cereal and milk for breakfast.5.How often do you exercise?•I exercise three times a week.Unit 6: HobbiesSection A1. A2. C3. B4. C5. A6. B7. A8. CSection B1.playing2.painting3.collecting4.singing5.swimming6.reading7.dancing8.hikingSection C1.What’s your hobby?•My hobby is playing the guitar.2.When did you start painting?•I started painting two years ago.3.How many stamps do you have in your collection?•I have about 100 stamps in my collection.4.Do you like singing in front of others?•No, I don’t like singing in front of others.5.Where do you usually go swimming?•I usually go swimming at the local pool.Unit 7: My FutureSection A1. A2. C3. B4. A5. B6. C7. B8. CSection B1.doctor2.engineer3.pilot4.musician5.teacher6.scientist7.businesswoman8.athleteSection C1.What do you want to be in the future?•I want to be a doctor in the future.2.Why do you want to be an engineer?•Because I like building things and solving problems.3.How long does it take to become a pilot?•It takes several years of training to become a pilot.4.Do you play any musical instruments?•Yes, I play the piano.5.What subjects do you need to study to become a scientist?•To become a scientist, you would need to study subjects like biology and chemistry.Unit 8: TravelSection A1. C2. B3. A4. C5. A6. B7. A8. CSection B1.mountains2.beach3.city4.countryside5.desert6.forest7.island8.villageSection C1.Have you ever been to another country?•Yes, I have been to Japan.2.What types of places do you like to visit?•I like to visit historical cities and natural landscapes.3.Do you prefer the mountains or the beach?•I prefer the beach because I like swimming and sunbathing.4.Have you ever been camping in the countryside?•Yes, I have been camping in the countryside a few times.5.What’s your dream travel destination?•My dream travel destination is the Maldives.ConclusionThese are the answers for the exercises in the Grade 9 English Workbook. Remember to always check your answers to ensure accuracy and understanding. Good luck with your English studies!。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by,unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda's research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24. The sentence "I lived from paycheck to paycheck." (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez's salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet - and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restrictingaccess to it - is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people - especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations - apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren't likely to get any taller. "In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients - notably, protein - to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height - 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women - hasn't really changed since 1960. Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident."31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw - having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery playedin the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong - and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states. Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children - though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, suchan act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington's dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington's decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft.(42) Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elementsin your writing. (44) These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote "The A & P as a State of Mind" wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times - and then again - working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It's probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It's worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topicinto a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel's crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P "policy" he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in "A & P," the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel's store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don't use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling himto detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree." (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music." (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。

《新视野大学英语》第一册词汇表序号英语English Meaning /国际音标Phonetic/ 汉语Chinese Meaning1 reward /rI5wR:d/ n. 报酬,酬谢,赏金; v. 奖赏,酬谢2 frustrate /5fr Q s tr e I t/ v. 挫败,击败,破坏; a. 无益的,挫败的,挫折的3 junior /5dVu:nI E(r)/ n. 年少者,地位较低者,大学三年级学生; a. 年少的,下级的,后进的4 positive /5pCzEtIv/ a. 肯定的,积极的,绝对的; a. 正面的,正数的,阳性的5 senior /5si:nIE(r)/ n. 年长者,上司,毕业班学生; a. 年长的,高级的,资深的6 former /5f R:mE(r)/ a. 以前的,在前的; pron.&n. 前者7 unlike /Qn5laIk/ a. 不同的,不相似的; prep. 不像,和...不同8 intimidate /In5tImIdeIt/ v. 威胁,恐吓,胁迫9 opportunity /9CpE5tju:nEtI/ n. 机会,时机10 online /5CnlaIn/ n.联机，在线11 communication /kE9mju:n I5k eIFn/ n. 沟通,交通,沟通; [计算机]通信12 medium /5mi:dIEm/ n. 媒体,方法,媒介; a. 适中的,中等的13 phone /fEJn/ n. 电话; v. 打电话14 modem /5mEJdEm/ n.调制解调器15 access /5A k ses/ n. 通路,进入,使用之权; v. 存取16 technology /tek5n ClEd V I/ n. 技术,工艺17 participate /pB:5t IsIpe I t/ v. 参加,分享,参与18 virtual /5v\:tjJEl; -tFJEl/ a. 虚拟的,实质的19 commitment /kE5mItmEnt/ n. 委托,实行,承诺,保证(律）拘禁令; n. 奉献，献身20 discipline /5dIsIplIn/ n. 训练,纪律,惩罚; v. 训练,惩罚21 minimum /5mInImEm/ a. 最低的,最小的; n. 最小量,最低限度22 assignment /E5saInmEnt/ n. 分配,功课,任务,被指定的(课外)作业;(分派的)任务,委派23 notebook /5nEJtbJk/ n. 笔记本24 embarrass /Im5bArEs/ v. 使...困窘,使...局促不安,阻碍25 screen /skri:n/ n. 屏,幕,银幕,屏风; v. 选拔,掩蔽,遮蔽26 continual /kEn5t InjJEl/ a. 不断的,频繁的27 continually /kEn5t In jJElI/ a d. 不断地,频繁地28 finally /5fAnElI/ ad. 最后,最终29 reap /ri:p/ v. 收获,获得30 benefit /5benIf I t/n. 利益; v. 获益31 insight /5InsaIt/ n. 洞察力32 culture /5kQltFE(r)/ n. 文化,教养,种植33 communicate /kE5mju:nIkeIt/ v. 沟通,传达,交流34 favorite /5feIvErIt/ a. 最喜爱的; n. 最喜爱的人或物35 activity /Ak5tIvEtI/ n. 活动36 gap /gAp/ n. (意见、个性等的)差异,缝隙,漏洞,缺口; 嘉普(财富500 强公司之一，总部所在地美国,主要经营服装零售)37 be well worth + sth./ doing sth. 值得... ...的38 not only ...but also ... 不仅... ...而且... ...39 far from 一点都不40 a couple of 几个41 get access to 可以使用；获得42 keep up with 跟上，不落后43 feel like sth./doing sth. 想做，想要44 give up 放弃45 reap the benefits of 获得益处，得到好处46 come across 偶然遇上47 trade for 用... ... 换48 participate in 参加49 now that 既然50 reach out to 接触，联系51 community /kE5mju:nItI/ n. 社区,团体; 群落(生)52 expand /Iks5pAnd/ v. 使...膨胀,详述,扩张; [计算机] 扩充53 aware /E5weE/ a. 知道的,意识到的54 unique /ju:5ni:k/ a. 独一无二的,独特的,稀罕的55 following /5f C lEJIN/ n. 下列各项, 部下,党羽; a. 下列的,其次的; vbl. 跟随56 ideal/aI5dIEl/ a. 理想的; n. 理想57 visual /5v I zjJEl/ a. 视觉的58 barrier /5bArIE/ n. 界线,屏障,障碍物; v. 以屏障隔开59 addition /E5dIFn/ n. 增加,附加物,加,加法60 reflect /rI5fle k t/ v. 反映,归咎61 environment /I n5vaI E r E nmEnt/ n. 环境62 critical /5krItIk El/ a. 批评的,决定性的,危险的,挑剔的; a. 临界的63 ability /E5b IlEtI/ n. 才能,能力64 perspective /pE5spektIv/ n. 远景,看法,透视; a. 透视的65 peer /pIE/ n. 同侪,匹敌,贵族; v. 凝视,窥视66 instruct /5In st rQ kt/ v. 教,命令,指导; [计算机]指示67 instructor/In5strQktE/ n. 教师,讲师,指导书68 arise /E5raIz/ v. 站立,出现69 absolute /5AbsElu:t/ a. 绝对的,完全的; n. 绝对70 absolutely /5AbsElu:tlI/ ad. 绝对地,完全地;独立地;确实地71 understanding /9QndE5s tAndI N/ n. 谅解,理解; v b l. 了解72 reinforce /9ri:In5fC:s/ n. 加固物; v. 增援,加强; vt. 加强,增援73 requirement /rI5kw a I EmE n t/ n. 要求74 likely /5laIklI/ a. 可能的,有希望的; ad. 很可能75 commit /kE5mIt/ v. 委托(托付),犯罪,作...事,承诺; [计算机]委托76 input /5In pJt/ n. 输入77 essential /I5senFEl/ n. 要素,要点; a. 必要的,重要的,本质的78 challenge /5tFAlIndV/ n. 挑战; v. 向...挑战79 normally /5nR:mElI/ ad. 正常地80 sequence /5si:k wEns/ n. 序列,继起的事,顺序81 sequential /sI5kwInFEl/ a. 连续的(序贯的)82 vital /5v a Itl/ a. 至关重要的,生死攸关的,有活力的,充满生机的83 effective /I5fektIv/ a. 有效的,有影响的84 play a role in ... 起... ...作用85 be aware of 对...清楚，意识到86 in addition 另外，加之87 reflect on 深思，考虑，反省88 allow for 考虑到，顾及，为... ...留出余地89 weekday /5wi:kdeI/ n. 工作日90 click /klIk/ n. 点击,滴答声,拍答声; v. 点击,作滴答声,使...作拍答声91 blast/blB:st/ n. 爆破,冲击波,一阵,汽笛声; v. 爆破,炸掉92 forth /fC:W/ a. 向前的; ad. 向前,向外93 horrible /5hCrEbl/ a. 可怕的,令人毛骨悚然的,令人讨厌的94 stuff /stQf/ n. 材料,原料,东西; v. 填满,塞满95 rhythm /5rITEm; 5rIWE m/ n. 节奏,韵律96 weird /wIEd/ a. 怪异的97 definitely /5defInItlI/ a. 明确地,确切地; ad. 肯定地98 powerful /5paJEfl/ a. 强有力的99 youngster /5jQNstE/ n. 年青人,少年100 musician /mju:5zIFn/ n. 音乐家101 offensive /E5f ensIv/ a. 令人不快的,侮辱的,攻击用的102 disturb /dI5st\:b/ v. 扰乱,妨碍,使...不安103 grab /grAb/ n. 抓握,接应,掠夺; v. 抓取,抢去104 thorough /5WQrE/ a. 彻底的,完全的,精心的105 thoroughly /5WQrEl I/ ad.彻底地,烦透地106 bang /bAN/ n. 重击,突然巨响,刘海; v. 发巨响,重击,剪成刘海; ad. 砰然地,突然巨响地,直接地107 hustle /5hQsl/ n. 急遽活动,拥挤喧嚷; v. 乱挤活动,慌张108 towel /5t a JEl/ n. 毛巾; v. 用毛巾擦; vt. 用毛巾擦或擦干109 t‐shirt /5ti:F\:t/ n. T 恤衫110 jeans /dVi:nz/ n. 牛仔裤111 wrap /rAp/ n. 披肩,围巾; v. 覆盖,包围,裹,包; n. 包裹; vt. 包,裹112 sweater /5swetE(r)/ n. 毛衣113 makeup /5meIkQp/ 化妆品; n. 组成(接通,补给,修理)114 toast /tEJst/ n. 土司面包,烤面包,干杯; v. 敬酒,烤115 instrument /5In st rJmEn t/ n. 乐器,工具,仪器,器械116 yah /jB:/int. 唷(表示轻蔑、不耐烦等)117 disgust /dIs5gQst/ n. 厌恶,嫌恶; v. 令人厌恶118 disgusting /d Is5gQst I N/ a. 令人厌恶119 blouse /blaJz/ n. 女衬衫120 closet /5kl CzI t/ n. 壁橱,小室; a. 秘密的,空论的121 bug /bQg/ n.小虫, 臭虫; v.装置窃听器, 打扰122 eye‐liner n. 眼线（笔）123 annoy /E5nCI/ v. 使...苦恼,骚扰124 tattoo /tE5tu:; tA5tu:/n. & vt. （在皮肤上）刺图案，纹身125 pierce /pIEs/ n. 皮尔斯; v. 刺穿,穿透,洞悉126 bolt /bEJlt/ n. 门闩,突发,螺钉; vt. 闩住; vi. 冲出去,急逃127 blast forth （声音）突然响起来128 along with 与……一道129 turn off /5t\:n Ef/ 关掉130 burst into 匆匆进入突然爆发131 over and over 一次次132 reach for 伸出手以触到或拿到133 turn up 发现，挖掘发生，出现，到来134 turn down (收音机等)关小；调低135 as well as 和，以及，还有136 as usual 像平常一样137 turn on /5t\:n C n/打开,拧开; v. 反对,攻击138 that much 那么......139 bolt out 匆匆离开140 sandy /5sAndI/ a. 沙的,沙地的,多沙的141 Steve Finch 史蒂夫·芬奇(男子名)142 Green Waves 绿浪(作者为故事杜撰的名字。

上海中考英语最难单项选择题(101-110)The Shanghai Junior High School Entrance Examination, also known as the Shanghai Middle School Entrance Examination, is one of the most important exams for students in Shanghai. The English section of this exam is considered to be particularly challenging, with students needing to showcase not only their vocabulary and grammar skills, but also their ability to understand and interpret complex reading passages.In this article, we will focus on some of the most difficult multiple-choice questions from the Shanghai Middle School Entrance Examination's English section. These questions test students' knowledge of vocabulary, grammar rules, and reading comprehension skills. Let's take a look at some examples:101. What does the word "ubiquitous" mean in the passage?a) rareb) commonc) beautifuld) uniquean unfamiliar word based on the context of the passage. The correct answer is b) common.102. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?a) She don't like to eat vegetables.b) He plays soccer every day.c) They is going to the movies tonight.d) My sister is have a birthday party next week.This question tests students' knowledge of grammar rules, specifically subject-verb agreement. The correct answer is b) He plays soccer every day.103. What is the main idea of the passage?a) The benefits of exerciseb) The history of ancient civilizationsc) The importance of healthy eatingd) The impact of climate changeof a reading passage. The correct answer is a) The benefits of exercise.104. Which of the following words is spelled incorrectly?a) necessaryb) embarrassc) received) occassionThis question tests students' spelling skills. The correct answer is d) occassion.105. In which sentence is the underlined word used incorrectly?a) She is very talented at playing the piano.b) The weather is extremely cold today.c) He was too tired to finish his homework.d) I am happy because my friend bought me a gift.This question tests students' knowledge of word usage. The correct answer is c) He was too tired to finish his homework.106. What word can be used to replace "extremely" in the passage?a) veryb) slightlyc) moderatelyd) exceedinglyThis question tests students' ability to identify synonyms. The correct answer is d) exceedingly.107. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly?a) I love going swimming in the summer.b) Do you want to come over to my house for dinner?c) The cat is hiding behind the couch.d) She is wearing a blue, dress today.This question tests students' knowledge of punctuation rules. The correct answer is a) I love going swimming in the summer.108. What type of sentence is "Please pass the salt."?a) declarativeb) interrogativec) imperatived) exclamatoryThis question tests students' understanding of sentence types. The correct answer is c) imperative.109. Which of the following sentences uses parallel structure correctly?a) She enjoys cooking, dancing, and to read.b) He is talented at playing the guitar, singing, and run.c) They can swim, surf, and to dive.d) I like to swim, to hike, and to ride my bike.This question tests students' knowledge of parallel structure. The correct answer is d) I like to swim, to hike, and to ride my bike.110. What is the theme of the passage?a) Friendshipb) Adventurec) Loved) PerseveranceThis question tests students' ability to identify the underlying message of a reading passage. The correct answer is a) Friendship.These are just a few examples of the challengingmultiple-choice questions that students taking the Shanghai Middle School Entrance Examination may encounter in the English section. By practicing regularly and strengthening their vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills, students can improve their chances of success on this important exam. Good luck to all the students preparing for the Shanghai Middle School Entrance Examination!。

历年高考英语作文题库(附范文)1. The annual college entrance examination is a significant event in every Chinese student's life.2. Writing essays is a crucial component of the English section of the exam.3. Past essay questions often cover a variety of themes, including personal experiences, social issues, and cultural differences.4. Here is a collection of 107 sample sentences for reference, covering different aspects of the essay writing task.5. When approaching an essay question, it's important to read it carefully and understand the prompt.6. Begin with a well-structured introduction that outlines your main points.7. Use a thesis statement to clearly state your position or argument.8. The body of your essay should provide evidence and examples to support your thesis.9. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea and be coherently connected.10. Use clear and concise language to convey your thoughts effectively.11. Be mindful of grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.12. Avoid using slang or colloquialisms unless appropriate.13. Expand on your topic by using transition words and phrases.14. Show empathy and understanding when discussing sensitive issues.15. Use your own experiences to provide personal insight.16. Be critical and analytical when discussing complex topics.17. Stay focused on the topic and avoid digressing.18. Conclude your essay with a summary of your key points.19. Reiterate your thesis statement to reinforce yourmain argument.20. Call for action or reflection if the prompt requires it.21. Proofread your essay to check for any errors before submission.22. Remember, the goal is to express your thoughtsclearly and coherently.23. Familiarizing yourself with common essay prompts canbe helpful.24. Practice writing essays under timed conditions for better preparation.25. Consider different perspectives when responding to open-ended questions.26. Take note of any specific language or terms mentioned in the prompt.27. Integrate quotes or examples from literature to add depth to your writing.28. Be precise and to the point when discussing factual information.29. Compare and contrast when relevant to enhance your analysis.30. Address both the positive and negative aspects of a topic.31. Use a variety of sentence structures to avoid repetition.32. Keep your essay informative while also being engaging.33. Be aware of your audience and tailor your language accordingly.34. Employ figurative language sparingly and effectively.35. Stay positive and confident in your responses.36. Use your knowledge of the subject matter to your advantage.37. Pay attention to the tone of your essay and maintain consistency.38. Use anecdotes to illustrate your points and make your essay more relatable.39. Avoid repetition of phrases or ideas throughout your essay.40. Be cautious when discussing topics that areunfamiliar or controversial.41. Employ a structured approach to keep your essay organized.42. Use bullet points or numbered lists when listing multiple items.43. Be prepared to respond to a variety of prompt types, such as argumentative, narrative, or expository.44. Highlight the importance of critical thinking in essay writing.45. Incorporate idiomatic expressions to add flavor to your writing.46. Use the passive voice sparingly to maintain an active writing style.47. Be ready to address counterarguments in your essay.48. Practice using a diverse vocabulary to enhance your essay's quality.49. Show respect for different viewpoints and cultures.50. Be concise in your writing to maintain the reader's interest.51. Avoid using overly complicated sentence structures that may confuse the reader.52. Use proper citation and referencing when using external sources.53. Learn from past essay mistakes and improve with practice.54. Adjust your tone and language to match the tone of the prompt.55. Be thorough in your research before writing on a complex topic.56. Practice writing regularly to develop your writing skills.57. Be open to feedback and be willing to revise your work.58. Structure your essay with a clear beginning, middle, and end.59. Include a compelling hook in your introduction to draw the reader in.60. Avoid using vague or ambiguous language.61. Address stereotypes and misconceptions in your essay.62. Use evidence from your own life to support your观点.63. Be concise when summarizing your arguments in the conclusion.64. Formulate a detailed outline before you start writing your essay.65. Leave enough time for revising and editing your work.66. Be honest and authentic in your writing.67. Discuss the impact of technology on daily life in your essay.68. Analyze the causes and effects of climate change.69. Compare and contrast traditional and modern education systems.70. Discuss the importance of mental health awareness.71. Explore the role of media in shaping public opinion.72. Examine the effects of social media on youth.73. Analyze the impact of globalization on cultural diversity.74. Discuss the importance of ethical decision-making in business.75. Explore the role of women in history.76. Discuss the challenges faced by immigrants.77. Analyze the evolution of technology in the healthcare sector.78. Write about the importance of preserving historical landmarks.79. Compare and contrast different sports and their cultural significance.80. Discuss the benefits of exercise on mental health.81. Write about the role of music in relief efforts during disasters.82. Explore the potential of renewable energy sources.83. Analyze the role of arts in education.84. Write about the impact of social media on politics.85. Discuss the importance of sustainable farming practices.86. Explore the effects of pollution on wildlife.87. Analyze the role of education in breaking the cycle of poverty.88. Write about the impact of the internet on communication.89. Discuss the importance of biodiversity conservation.90. Compare and contrast different transportation methods.91. Explore the role of technology in enhancing accessibility.92. Write about the challenges of international students.93. Discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on employment.94. Analyze the role of climate change in migration patterns.95. Explore the impact of religion on social norms.96. Write about the importance of inclusive education.97. Discuss the role of financial technology in ensuring financial inclusion.98. Analyze the impact of online learning on education systems.99. Write about the importance of mindfulness in modern life.100. Discuss the role of sports in promoting national unity.101. Explore the effects of global warming on coastal cities.102. Analyze the impact of deforestation on local communities.103. Write about the importance of gender equality in the workplace.104. Discuss the role of sports in character development.105. Explore the potential of space exploration tobenefit human society.106. Write about the importance of preserving indigenous languages.107. Discuss the challenges faced by elderly care facilities in an aging population.。

20年考研英语历年真题及答案考研英语历年真题及答案使用说明必读 12010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 3 Section I Use of English 3Section II Reading Comprehension 4Part A 5Part B 11Part C 13Section ⅢWriting 14Part A 14Part B 142009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 15 Section I Use of English 15Section II Reading Comprehension 17Part A 17Part B 23Part C 25Section ⅢWriting 25Part A 25Part B 262009年考研英语真题答案272008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 29 Section I Use of English 29Section II Reading Comprehension 31 Part A 31Part B 37Part C 39Section III Writing 40Part A 40Part B 402008年考研英语真题答案422007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 44 Section I Use of English 44Section II Reading Comprehension 47 Part A 47Part B 54Part C 56Section III Writing 57Part A 57Part B 572007年考研英语真题答案582006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 60 Section I Use of English 60Section II Reading Comprehension 63 Part A 63Part B 70Part C 72Section III Writing 73Part A 73Part B 732006年考研英语真题答案752005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 77 Section I Use of English 77Section II Reading Comprehension 80 Part A 80Part B 87Part C 89Section III Writing 90Part A 90Part B 902005年考研英语真题答案922004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 94 Section I Listening Comprehension 94Part B 94Part C 95Section II Use of English 97Section III Reading Comprehension 101 Part A 101Part B 107Section IV Writing 1092004年考研英语真题答案1102003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 112 Section I Listening Comprehension 112Part A 112Part B 112Part C 113Section II Use of English 115Section III Reading Comprehension 119 Part A 119Part B 126Section IV Writing 1262003年考研英语真题答案1282002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 130 Section I Listening Comprehension 130Part B 131Part C 131Section II Use of English 134Section III Reading Comprehension 138 Part A 138Part B 145Section IV Writing 1452002年考研英语真题答案1472001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 149 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 149Part A 149Part B 151Section II Cloze Test 155Section III Reading Comprehension 159 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 166 Section V Writing 1672001年考研英语真题答案1692000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 171 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 171Part A 171Part B 173Section II Cloze Test 179Section III Reading Comprehension 180 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 188 Section V Writing 1892000年考研英语真题答案1901999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 192 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 192Part A 192Part B 194Part C 195Section II Cloze Test 199Section III Reading Comprehension 201 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 209 Section V Writing 2091999年考研英语真题答案2111998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 213 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 213Part A 213Part B 215Part C 216Section II Cloze Test 220Section III Reading Comprehension 222 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 230 Section V Writing 2311998年考研英语真题答案2331997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 235 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 235Part A 235Part B 237Part C 238Section II Cloze Test 242Section III Reading Comprehension 244 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 251 Section V Writing 2521997年考研英语真题答案2541996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 256 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 256Part A 256Part B 258Part C 259Section II Cloze Test 263Section III Reading Comprehension 265 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 272Section V Writing 2731996年考研英语真题答案2741995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 276 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 276Part A 276Part B 278Part C 279Section II Cloze Test 283Section III Reading Comprehension 285 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 292 Section V Writing 2931995年考研英语真题答案2941994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 296 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 296Part A 296Part B 298Part C 299Section II Cloze Test 303Section III Reading Comprehension 305 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 311 Section V Writing 3121994年考研英语真题答案3141993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 316 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 316Section II Reading Comprehension 321 Section III Cloze Test 326Section IV Error-detection and Correction 329 Section V English-Chinese Translation 331 Section VI Writing 3311993年考研英语真题答案3331992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 335 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 335Section II Reading Comprehension 340 Section III Cloze Test 345Section IV Error-detection and Correction 347 Section V English-Chinese Translation 349 Section VI Writing 3501992年考研英语真题答案3511991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 353 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 353Section II Reading Comprehension 358 Section III Cloze Test 363Section IV Error-detection and Correction 366 Section V English-Chinese Translation 367Section VI Writing 3681991年考研英语真题答案3691990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 371 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 371Section II Reading Comprehension 373 Section III Cloze Test 377Section IV Error-detection and Correction 379 Section V Verb Forms 381Section VI Chinese-English Translation 381 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 382 1990年考研英语真题答案3841989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 386 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 386Section II Reading Comprehension 388 Section III Cloze Test 393Section IV Error-detection and Correction 395 Section V Verb Forms 396Section VI Chinese-English Translation 397 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 397 1989年考研英语真题答案3991988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 401 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 401Section II Reading Comprehension 403 Section III Cloze Test 408Section IV Error-detection and Correction 410 Section V Verb Forms 411Section VI Chinese-English Translation 412 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 412 1988年考研英语真题答案4141987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 416 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 416Section II Reading Comprehension 418 Section III Structure and Vocabulary 422 Section IV Cloze Test 424Section V Verb Forms 426Section VI Error-detection and Correction 427 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 429 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 429 1987年考研英语真题答案4311986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 433 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 433Section II Cloze Test 435Section III Reading Comprehension 437 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 440Section V Error-detection and Correction 442 Section VI Verb Forms 444Section VII Chinese-English Translation 444 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 445 1986年考研英语真题答案4461985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 448 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 448 Section II Cloze Test 450Section III Reading Comprehension 453 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 454 Section V Error-detection and Correction 456 Section VI Verb Forms 457Section VII Chinese-English Translation 458 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 459 1985年考研英语真题答案4611984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 464 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 464 Section II Cloze Test 469Section III Reading Comprehension 471 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 472 Section V Error-detection and Correction 474 Section VI Verb Forms 476Section VII Chinese-English Translation 477 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 477 1984年考研英语真题答案4791983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 482 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 482 Section II Verb Forms 484Section III Error-detection 484Section IV Cloze Test 485Section V Reading Comprehension 488 Section VI Structure and Vocabulary 489 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 491 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 491 1983年考研英语真题答案4931982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 495 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 495 Section II Verb Forms 497Section III Error-detection 498Section IV Cloze Test 499Section V Reading Comprehension 501 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 503 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 503 1982年考研英语真题答案5051981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 507 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 507 Section II Error-detection 510Section III Sentence Making 511Section IV Verb Forms 511Section V Cloze Test 512Section VI Chinese-English Translation 513 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 513 1981年考研英语真题答案5161980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 519 Section I Use of Prepositions 519Section II Verb Tenses 519Section III Verb Forms 520Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 521 Section V Error-detection 523Section VI Chinese-English Translation 524 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 524 1980年考研英语真题答案527使用说明必读爱你需要理由么1 本文件包括19802010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案我花费逐字审校多方考证制作而成这是一份凝结着无限心血的以当今世界一流技术精心打造的美仑美奂至不可思议的不论内容还是形式均堪称一流的正确率接近词典级的文档囊括年真题可谓工程浩大功在当代利及千秋她美观准确引领中国互联网走向精致时代本文档由大家学习网出品首发试题及答案均经无数遍仔细校对是无比准确的电子版本正确率基本接近词典级但错误肯定还有请各位不吝指正请来大家论坛本文档发布帖跟帖指正为了感谢大家的指正为了打造真正词典级文档为了大幅度提高中国人民尤其是中国考生的生活品质窃以为词典级真题文本是考研复习资料中最最重要的基础设施本人筹措专款数千元用于奖励应该是绰绰有余了基本的奖励标准是一个标点符号2元一个单词3元一个句子5元错误遗漏多余等都算每处错误当然只能奖励一次当然奖给最先指正者纠错必须在本文档发布帖跟帖指出不是没有诚意因为你发在别处我未必能看见啊而且还有一个指正的先后顺序问题具体奖励办法请看专帖办法对于核实的错误会立即改正立即更新本文档真正实现有错知错知错就改的理想本文档的意义不仅在于方便广大考生备考也在于方便广大教师专家编著考研真题复习资料对于考生在电脑上学习英语的效率肯定会比书面上高查单词查资料非常方便学习变成了一种享受而且对于做错的题目或者尚有疑惑的题目可以来本站很方便地提出大家网已将每题一个帖子发好你连题目都不用发直接根据全部单题链接总目录或者在考研英语区用6位数标准题号搜索如2006年第5题的标准题号就是2006051990年第18题就是199018找到相应的题目跟帖提问便是请不要发新帖本文档版权归大家网所有任何网站此文档时不得将本文档用于商业用途不得破坏本作品的完整性不得清除本文档中大家学习网和作者标识必须在明显位置清楚注明转自大家学习网否则自行承担一切法律后果预祝大家轻松考出满意高分简称满分呵呵祝你成功阁明俊2010年1月16日2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirectionsRead the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers productivity Instead the studies ended giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect" the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant According to of the experiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased but also when it was dimmed It did not what was done in the experiment something was changed productivity rose A n that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers behavior itselfAfter several decades the same data were to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may behave let to interpretation of what happed lighting was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday output rose compared with the previous Saturday and to rise for the next couple of days a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case before a plateau and then slackening off This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down1 [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2 [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3 [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4 [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5 [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6 [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7 [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8 [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9 [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10 [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11 [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12 [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13 [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14 [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15 [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16 [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17 [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20 [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirectionsRead the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 40 pointsText 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverageIt is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers Yet a considerable number ofthe most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailiesWe are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared In those far-off days it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered Theirs was a serious business and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman could be trusted to know what they were about These men believed in journalism as a calling and were proud to be published in the daily press So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism Newman wrote that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who areUnfortunately these critics are virtually forgotten Neville Cardus who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975 is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket During his lifetime though he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics a stylist so widely admired that hisAutobiography 1947 became a best-seller He was knighted in 1967 the first music critic to be so honored Yet only one of his books is now in print and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival The prospect seems remote Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized Moreover the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat21 It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22 Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes[B] casual style[C] elaborate layout[D] radical viewpoints23 Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on[A] It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing24 What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition25 What would be the best title for the text[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods Amazoncom received one for its "one-click" online payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago In a move that hasintellectual-property lawyers abuzz the US court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents In re Bilski as the case is known is "a very big deal" says Dennis D Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents"Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions Later move established companies raced to add such patents to their files if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch In 2005 IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them Similarly some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whetherit should "reconsider" its state street Bank rulingThe Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders Last April for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court" says Harold C Wegner a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School26 Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27 Which of the following is true of the Bilski case[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the US28 The word "about-face" Line 1 Para 3 most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29 We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30 Which of the following would be the subject of the text[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals often called influentials who are unusually informed persuasive or well-connected The idea is intuitively compelling but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spreadThe supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication" Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence theinfluentials those selected people will do most of the work for them The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks brands or neighborhoods In many such cases a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work however some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed In fact they dont seem to be required of all The researchers argument stems from a simple observing about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey 梬hose outsize presence is primarily a function of media not interpersonal influence梕ven the most influential mem lbers of a population simply dont interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who according to the two-step-flow theory are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly For a social epidemic to occur however each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant for example the cascade of change wont propagate very far or affect many peopleBuilding on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but rather of a critical mass of easily influenced people each of whom adopts say a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor Regardless of how influential an individual is locally he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction31 By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials32 The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33 What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34 The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35 what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public Behind the scenes they have been taking aim at someone else the accountingstandard-setters Their rules moan the banks have forced them to report enormous losses and its just not fair These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetchUnfortunately banks lobbying now seems to be working The details may be unknowable but the independence of standard-setters essential to the proper functioning of capital markets is being compromised And unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers reviving the banking system will be difficultAfter a bruising encounter with Congress Americas Financial Accounting Standards Board FASB rushed through rule changes These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement Bob Herz the FASBs chairman cried out against those who "question our motives" Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management"European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board IASB do likewise The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy a European commissioner warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yetdevelop different rulesIt was banks that were on the wrong planet with accounts that vastly overvalued assets Today they argue that market prices overstate losses because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets not the likely extent of bad debts The truth will not be known for years But banks shares trade below their book value suggesting that investors are skeptical And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargainsTo get the system working again losses must be recognized and dealt with Americas new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters The FASB and IASB have been exactly that cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions for example against hostility from special interests But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions36 Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets37 According to the author the rule changes of the FASB may resultin[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38 According to Paragraph 4 McCreevy objects to the IASBs attempt to[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in rule-setting[D] take gradual measures in reform39 The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets40 The authors attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction[B] skepticism[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections。