英文字母及组合发音规律

英文字母及组合发音规律

★附：常见的字母与字母组合发音规则

（I）元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则

●元音字母的发音

（一）元音字母a

1. 重读开音节[ei] paper ; late ; make ; lake ; face

2. 重读闭音节[?] bag ; fat ; cat ; ladder ; mass

（*例外：any一些[e] ;many许多[e]）

3. 非重读音节[?]或[i]

即：[?]—— ago ; along ; among ; above ; aloud

[i]—— comrade ; village ; manager ；palace ; private ；necklace

*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的

ladder,village .

4.在字母w或wh后面，发[?] was ; wash ; what ; want ;

(*例外：water水[?:])

5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]

即：dance ;France ; chance

ask ;mask ;task ;basket

class ;grass ;glass ;pass ;——（*例外：mass[?]）

fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ;

father ;path ;bath ;——(*例外：maths[?])

(二)元音字母e

1.重读开音节[i:] me ;he ;she ;these ;evening

2.重读闭音节[e] hen ;get ; set ;tell ; echo

3.非重读音节[i] useless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ;

（三）元音字母i或y

1.重读开音节[ai] China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guide; 2.重读闭音节[i] sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ;

3.非重读音节[i] unit ;study

(四)元音字母o

1.重读开音节[?u] no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ;

2.重读闭音节[?] not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ;

3.非重读音节[?] purpose ; concern

4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[?]

son ; month ; come ; ton ; (*例外：Tom[?])

love ; dove ; glove ; above ; another

mother ; brother ; become ; some

5.两个单词：wo man[…w u-m?n]女人（单数）; wo men[…w i-min]女人（复数）

（五）元音字母u

1.重读开音节[ju:] pupil ; student ; use ; cube

2.重读闭音节[?]或[u]

即：[?]——cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us

[u]——put ; full ; pull

4. 非重读音节[?] autumn ;August ; support

●元音字母组合的拼读规则

（一）元音字母a的字母组合

1.ai或ay在重读音节中[ei] rain ; train ; brain ; pain

day ; may ; play ; stay ; lay

*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ;

Thursday ; Friday

2.al+绝大多数辅音字母[?:] small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ；chalk

3.或[?: l] also ; always

*al后面是k时，只发[?:]

al+f或m时，al发[a:] half ; calm

-al在词尾非重读[（?）l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河，重音在后[?l]) 3.-ance在重读时[a: ns] chance ; dance ; France 在非重读时[?ns] importance ；performance ；ambulance

4.-ant非重读[?nt] assistant ; important ；peasant

5.-ange一般[eind?] change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange

[ind?])

6.-age 一般[id?] village ; carriage ; marriage

7.-ask一般重读时[a: sk] ask ; mask ; task ;basket

8.-ass一般重读时[a: s] class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass[?])

9.-ast一般重读时[a: st] last ; past ; fast ; cast

-aste一般[eist] waste ; paste ; taste

10.-ath一般[a: θ] b ath ; path ; (*但math s[?θ])

或[a: e] father ; rather ; (*但gather[?e])

11.-au一般[?:] cause ; autumn ;August ; (*但because[?])

-augh(t) [?: (t)] caught ; taught ; daughter

(*例外：laugh[l a: f])

12.-aw [?:] draw ; saw ; law ; awful

13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[?]

was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water[?:])

14.-ar 重读音时[a:] party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star

在字母w或音[w]后面时[?:] war ; warm ; warn ;towards ;

*quarter

在非重读音时[-?] beggar ; dollar ; solar

15.-are一般[-ε?] hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent

16.-air一般[-ε?] chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair

17.-able 一般[eibl] able ; cable ; table ; stable

(二)元音字母e的组合

1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：

-ea[i:] team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; please ; steal

-ea[e] threat ; bread ; meant ; read(过去式和过去分词) ;

peasant

-ea[i?] real ; really -ea[ei] great ; break

2.-ee[i:] feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see

*但是一个例外：coffee[i]

3.-eer[i?] deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer

4.-er重读音节[?:] her ; term ; service ; Germany

非重读[?] worker ; paper ; western ; teacher

特殊读法[a:] clerk

5.-ere [i?] here ; mere

-ere 或者发[ε?] there ; where

6.-ear 有三种音，分别是：

-ear [i?] ear ; dear ; near ; clear ; tear (n.) ; beard

-ear [?:] early ; earth ; learn ; heard

-ear [a:] heart

* tear作为动词时，发[ε?]

7.-ei [ei] eight ; weigh ; weight

-ei [ai] height

-ei [i:] receive

8.-ey重读[ei] they ; hey ; survey

-ey重读[i:] key

-ey非重读[i] monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball

*-et非重读[it] pocket ; ticket ; rocket

9.-ew 一般[ju:] new ; few ; knew

-ew 或者发[u:] grew ; threw

-ew还可以发[?u] sew

10.-ege [id?] college

11.-est [i s t] biggest ; modest ; happiest;

12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived ; studied

-ed在清音后[t] worked ; finished

-ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted ; needed

（三）元音字母i或y的组合 1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:] field ; piece ;

achieve

-ie在词尾[ai] lie ; die ; tie

2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high ; night ; light ; bright

3.-ir在重读音节[?:] girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third

4.-ire在重读音节[…ai?] fire ; tired ; hire ; retired ; wire

5.-ild [aild] child ; wild

6.-ind [aind] find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但window[ind])

7.-ing [i?] k ing ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making

8.-(a)tion [(ei) ?n] nation ; pronunciation ; information ；composition -stion [t?n] question

-sion [?n]或[?n] mission使命; precision精密

9.-ye在词尾[ai] good-bye ; bye-bye

10.-ist[i s t] list ; fist ;

(四)元音字母o的组合

1.-oa在重音时[?u] boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad

-oar在重音时[?:] blackboard ; aboard

2.-oi，-oy在重音时[?i] boiler ; point ; join ; oil

boy ; toy ; joy ; loyal

3.-oo一般[u:] soon ; too ; zoo ; room ; noon ; food ; mood ;