班 姓 学 考试时 考场（教室
装 线
巢湖学院2012—2013学年度第一学期商务英语专业 12级本科《英语国家概况》期末考试试卷(B 卷)
命题人 高红兵 统分人 复核人
Part I Choose the answer that best completes the
statement or answers the question: (20 points,1 point each )
1. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?
A. The cultural centre
B. The business centre
C. The financial centre
D. The sports centre
2 Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? A. Economic differences between north and south.
B. Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales.
C. Class defferences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.
D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British
3. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came
first__________
A. to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland
B. to protect Catholics
C. to protect Protestants
D. to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social
order
4. Faced wirh conflicting demands the british government chose a compromise and
organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because __________.
A. the British government wouldn ’t be able to control Ireland any longerby fordce
B. the British government intended to satisfy both sides-----Catholics and
Protestants
C. Jcatholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland
D. Protestants welcomed the ides of partition
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5. Which of the following kings was executed in the civil war?
A. James I.
B. JamesII.
C. Chaarles I
D. Charles II. 6. What happened in 1215?
A. It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.
B. Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.
C. Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.
D. King Egbert united England under his rule.
7. Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns? A. Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies of the television.
B. There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their
constituency campaign.
C. Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading votes to vote for
them.
D. Candidates criticize each other ’s policies to show how good their own
policies are.
8. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true? A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time. B. It prefers policies that protect individual ’s rights. C. It receives a lot of the funding from bih companies. D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.
9. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? A. Beef cattle B. Dairy cattle C. Checken D. Sheep 10. Which of the following books is written by Feoffrey Chaucer? A. The Canterbury Tales. B. Beowulf.
C. King Lear
D. Morte D ’Arthur
11. Among the following writers, who wa NOT one of the great trio? A. Ben Johnson B. William Shakespeare C. Thomas Malory D. Christopher Marlowe. 12. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ______________ A. can legally receive partly free education. B. can leagally receive completely ecucation. C. can not receive free education at all.
D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.
13. which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?
A. The University of Cambridge.
B. The University of Oxford.
C. The University of Edinburgh.
D. The University of Buckingham.
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14. Which countries are the pwemanent members of the UN Security Council? A. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.
B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia
C. China, Russia, France, the United States and Britain
D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan 15. How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime?
A. A fourth fo the globe.
B. A fifth of the golbe
C. A third of the globe
D. Two-thirds of the globe 16. Which of the following is the world ’s oldest national newspaper? A. The times . B. The Guardian .
C. The Observer .
D. The Financial Times . 17. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?
A. The Telegraph .
B. The News of the world
C. The Guardian .
D. The Times . 18. Which of the following was NOT an activity in Shakespeare ’s time?
A. Playing football.
B. having a drink at the pub.
C. Working the land.
D. Attending the Grand National. 19. Which of the following sports was NOT invented inf Britain?
A. Football
B. Tennis
C. Basketball
D. Crecket 20. Which of the following is NOT true about football in Britain?
A. Millions of people atten the FA games each season.
B. “Football hooligans ” sometimes have violent clashes.
C. It was invented by the Scottish people.
D. It was once described as “beastly ” violent.
Part II Fill in the blanks: ( 20 points, 1 point each)
1. The full name of the United Kingdom is the _________and __________.
2. The United Kingdom has been a member of the _________ since 197
3.
3. As Protestants were the majority of the province, they controlled the local _________,
and used the power to support their _________dominance in the area.
4. The _________ IRA believed that they had made enough progress so that athey could
concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for __________.
5. During the civil war in the 17th century, those who represented the interests of
Parlianment are called __________.
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6. In 1215, some feudal barons and the Church forced King ______to sign the
______to place some limits on the King ’s power.
7. The UK is divided into _________constituencies with each of them represented by a
member in _________.
8. Normally, a government can be in power for _________years, and tjhen it has to
resign and hold a general election.
9. One of the oldest of the early “Old English ” leterary work is a long poem from
Anglo Saxon times called ___________.
10. Two famous public schools mentioned in the text are _________and ___________. 11. Britain ’s special relationship with _________is another major factor which
influences the British foreign policy.
12. ________ is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain. 13. The BBC stands for__________.
14. There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing and _________.
15. When the second World War was over, Britain was active in setting up the United
Nations and became one of the __________permanent members of ______________.
16. The present foreign policy of Britain is greatly in;fluenced by its ___________history and also by its _________.
17. Britain ’s three most popular activities are watching TV, listening to the radio and
__________.
18.The _______newspapers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particulau\r political and social importance.
19. The FA Cup stands for __________.
20. The_______IRA separated from the officials, because the felt that _______was the only way to get the British out.
Part III. Tell what you know about the following in
your own words. （30 points, 5 points each ）
2. The Good Friday Agreement
3. The House of lords
4. Privatisation in the 1980s
5. Mondernism
6. The Open University
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Part IV . Answer the following question. (30 points)
What is the British Empire? What do you know about it? In what way is the Empire still felt in Britain and in the international field?
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商务英语写作试卷 （课程代码：5440） I. Multiple-choice: For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (1 point each) 1.Please let us know which of our products _______. A. you are interested B. are you interested C. they are interested D. you are interested in 2.We ______ your name and address _______ the Chinese Embassy in Bonn. A. are learning….from B. have learned ….from C. have come to know….of D. have been given ….from 3.We are now enclosing a pricelist for all the items you _______ in your letter under reply. A. required B. inquired about C. said D. informed 4.If you are prepared to increase your ______ to 15%, we shall be pleased to purchase the complete stock. A. price B. discount C. sales volume D. cost 5. A recent market survey reveals that such articles are no longer __________. A. in demand B. demanded C. on demand D. for demand 6.This is a new product but it is gaining _______ popularity in the world market. A. many more B. better and better C. increasingly steady D. steadily increasing 7.Concerning the ________ L/C, we wish to inform you that there are several clauses that need amendment. A. subjective B. caption C. subjected D. captioned 8.We wish to make it clear to you that we shall not ______ the shipment if they arrive after December 19, 2005. A. arrange B. receive C. accept D. acknowledge 9.Following your order ______ 400 pieces of electronic toys last year, we are pleased to receive your order No. 456 _______ the same quantity. A. for, of B. of , of C. for, for D. with, for 10.As agreed upon in our negotiation, payment _______ L/C. A. by B. will C. are by D. is to be made by 11.We will do our best to _______ shipment to meet your requirements in time. A. comply B. make C. expediting D. arranged 12.Any loss or damage noticed when the goods are delivered must be reported to the ______ at the time, otherwise he will not be responsible for it. A. consignor B. consignee C. shipper D. carrier 13.For all the remaining items the stated dates of delivery are approximate, but _______ would these dates be exceeded by more that ten days. A. in no case B. in any case C. by all means D. under any circumstances 14.Your failure to open the L/C in time will ________impossible for us to deliver goods within the period stipulated in the contract. A. make them be B. make it be C. make it D. make that be 15.The stipulations in your L/C _________ not in accordance with the contract, we have to request you to make an amendment. A. is B. being C. is to be D. would be 16.In _______ of quality, our make is superior. A. terms B. term C. connection D. connections 17.__________, the buyers have urged us to expedite shipment of their order. A. The season approaching B. The season is approaching C. As season approaching D. The season was approaching 18.We accept as an exception your order _________ business with you.
Exercises Part one: choose the correct answer: 1.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 2.The longest river in Britain is ___ A. River Severn B. River Thames C. River Mercy D. River Humber 3. The largest lake in Britain is located in ____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D.Northern Ireland 4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ___. A. Ben Nevis B. Cross Fell C. Snowdon D. Scafell 5. Which of the following is not the feature of British climate? A. coldness B. more rainy days C. changeability D. more fogs 6. The leading anthracite coalfield in Britain are in ____. A. Scotland B. England C. Wales D. the North Sea 7. The English people are descendant of ___. A. Celts B. Romans C. Anglo-Saxons D. Danes 8. London dialect was once disseminated throught the country Not because London was ____. A. a commercial center B. a political center C. a printing center D. a linguistic center 9. The established church of Britain is ____ A. The Church of England B. The Church of Scotland C. Free churches D. The United Reformed Church 10. British economy in the 1970s was characterized by ____ A. stagnation B. inflation C. recovery D. stagflation 11. Britain is the ____ largest country invested and the investor abroad. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 12. The British beef industry has been hit badly by ____. A. SARS B. BSE C. AIDS D. None of the above 13. The central bank in Britain is ____. A. Lloyd B. Barclay C. Midland D. the Bank of England Part Two Fill in the blanks: 1. The total area of Britain is about ____ square kilometers. 2. The chief ranges in England are the ____ and the ____ Mountains. 3. The English people are the descendant of ____, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the ____. 4. The major languages spoken in Britain are ___，____ and ____. 5. The fishing industry provides ____ % of the UK demand for fish. 6. The British company Glaxo-wellcome is the biggest ____ company in the world. 7. The German company named ___ recently bought Britain’s last major independent car company, Rover. Part Three: Match: 1. Liverpool a, the steel manufacturing center of Britain 2. Hull b, the former center of textile industry of Britain 3. Sheffield c, the fishing port in Hunberside 4. Manchester d, the largest city in Britain 5. Glasgow e, the second largest city in Britain 6. London f, the district of Merseyside 7. Birmingham g, the largest city in Scotland 8. Belfast h, the capital of Wales 9. Edindurgh I, the capital of Northern Ireland 10. Cardiff j, the capital of Scotland Part Four Explain the following terms: 1.the backbone of England 2.the English Channel 3.invisible trade 4.the development areas
商务英语写作（2）（B卷） 考试有关事项说明 考试日期：年月日（星期） 答题时间：120分钟。 考试地点： 考试形式：闭卷 Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. (15%, 1 point for each blank) (1) Technical writing is a form of , a type of , an interactive that involves writers and readers who response to one another. (2) Some reports might present the to solve a business problem; other reports might record that will be useful to assist in future decision making. Either way, is being “reported” that will be useful in making decisions. (3) Doing a business, it usually includes and replies, , orders and their fulfillment, terms of payment, and , etc. (4) A business report conveys information to assist in . It may be long or short, , public or private, or reported on special occasions. (5) Technical writing has many forms, including letters, , reports, , presentations, and . Ⅱ. Multiple choices (15%, 1.5 point for each one)
I.Explain the following terms: 1.the British Isles 2.Poets’ Corner 3.EU 4.the Conservative Party 5.the Seven Year’s War 6.WASPs 7.“roaring 20s” 8.melting pot 9.British Empire 10.system of US politic I.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.Westminster Abby 2.the Church of England https://www.doczj.com/doc/6b17290427.html,monwealth 4.Mr. Speaker 5.Judicial System 6.the Great Charter 7.the House of Plantagenet 8.Puritans 9.monopoly capitalism 10.the first Pan-American Conferencce II.Multi-choices: 1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey, Humber) 2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England, Wales, ) 3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons) 4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free churches, ) 5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of Jesus Christ. 6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of___. (the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords) 7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____. (the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament) 8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania) 9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____. (the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics) 10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___. (religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold) 11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787. (Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia) 12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power. (legislative, executive, judicial, veto) 13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership of Both houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths) 14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.
商务英语写作试卷0607 I. Complete the letters with the words given. Change the word forms where necessary. (10points) popular, inquiry, hire, volume, assign, instead of, recommend, cooperation, responsible, branch (1) Dear Sir Owing to the large increase in the ___1___ of our trade with this country, we have decided to open a(n) ____2____here,with Mr. Jackie Black as manager. The new branch will open on 1st July and from that date all orders and ___3____ should be sent to Mr. Black at the above address, ___4___to our London office. We take this opportunity to express our thanks for your ____5____ in the past. We hope the new arrangements will lead to even better results. Y ours faithfully (2) Dear Sir This letter is to ___6___ Tim Steven as an outstanding salesperson. I have known and worked with Tim for more than three years. He is a highly __7____ and creative individual. Form the day he came to work for us, he was a welcome member of our sales team. He willingly undertook any task___8___ to him, whether it involved direct sales or not, and his enthusiastic manner made him____9___with all our customers. I am sorry to lose Tim, but his educational plans call for him to move outside our city. I believe anyone who____10___ him will be truly fortunate. Y ours sincerely II. Choose the best answer for each question. (10 points) 11. After checking the goods against your invoice, we discovered a considerable shortage ______ number. A. of B. in C. for 12. As soon as we receive the signed form, we will add your name to the list of people _______ snow shoveling. A. requiring B. require C. required 13. The report is to be _______ to the Directors as soon as possible. A. prepared B. promoted C. presented 14. I am glad that I feel quite _______ for the position you advertised. A. qualifying B. qualified C. qualification 15. We recommended ________ a small quantity for trial. A. to buy B. you bought C. buying 16. _____ the quality, you must assure that we would get the goods produced in 2004. A. In regard to B. Due C. In view of
《最新英美概况》 练习参考答案 （本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题） ==================================================== PART TWO The United States Chapter Eight The Land P. 209—210 I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions. 1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 181 2. 2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner. 3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon. 4. June, 14th, June 14th. 5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government. 6. 36, 36 states. 7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence. 8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service. II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A B C D 5. C D III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T IV Answer the following questions. 1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci. (2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies first used “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence. (3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when the Second Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation. 2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies. White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God. 3. The stars and strips have different meanings. Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteen colonies before the independence of America.
《英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题及参考答案 Part one Fill in the blanks ( 10 points ) 1.The full name of the United Kingdom is . 2.The Good Friday Agreement, known also as , emerged on 10 April 1998. 3., the ancestor of the present queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829. 4.written by Geoffrey Chaucer is often studied by middle school and college students today. 5.The Bonfire Night, which is celebrated in November, sometimes is also called . 6.Columbus discovered the New World in the year of . 7.The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, and Jewish. 8.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel titled , which intensified the political debate on slavery. 9.1968 was known in US history as a violent and tragic year in which the great leader of The Civil Rights Movement: was assassinated. 10.The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the River. Part two Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question: ( 20 points ) 1.Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called . a. Progressivism b. laissez faire c. New Freedom d. New Deal 2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December, 1941. a. Great Depression b. Pearl Harbor incident c. the Japanese attack on China d. the German attack on Poland 3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as . a. Lord Protector b. Lieutenant General c. Commander of the New Model Army d. President 4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain. a. east b. south c. west d. north 5. WASPs referred to . a. the mainstream Americans b. Hispanics c. Asian-Americans d. Blacks 6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally ended . a. the immigration movement b. the Civil War
闭卷A卷课程名称:大学语文 姓名: 学号: 审题人: 年月日 一、填空题：（每空1分，共10分） 1、《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌总集，共305篇，分为、、三个部分。 2、窈窕淑女，君子好逑，中的“好”是的意思。 3、《论语》的作者是，《离骚》的作者是，《再别康桥》的作者是。 4、补充诗句：周公吐哺，。 5、补充诗句：明月松间照，。 6、补充诗句：天长地久有时尽，。 二、选择题：（每题2分，共20分） 1、选出与“愚公移山”同类结构的一项：（）D A、大江两岸 B、温故知新 C、学习计划 D、襟怀坦白 2、判断4个句子中“在”字的词性：（）D 1) 我在北京2) 游击队员们战斗在华北平原。 3) 海燕在高傲地飞翔4) 我们在党的关怀下成长。 A、动词副词介词介词 B、动词副词副词介词 C、介词动词副词介词 D、动词介词副词介词 3、下列句子中用主谓短语作谓语的是（）C A、我觉得苏州园林是我国各地园林的标本。 B、冰凉的河水呛得我好难受。 C、苏州园林布局幽雅。 D、人人都过幸福生活是我们美好的心愿。 4、下列句子中只有一个是正确的，请指出来（）A A、通过这件事，我明白了一个道理。 B、我们开展学雷锋。 C、中国人民正在努力为建设一个社会主义现代化的强国。 D、报晓的雄鸡，是我们起床的信号。 5、对划线的词性分析不正确的一项是：（）D A、云霞升起来了。（助词） B、他抑制不住工作的热情。（助词） C、这是很清楚的。（副词） D、我在房间里读书。（动词） 三、把下面各词按词性进行分类：（共24分） 校园繁忙北京积蓄三万豁亮诚实中间这里瞻仰战场颓唐夜晚 二分之一斤朵驾驶那里自己坚固起来大伙政治希望 名词：校园北京中间动词：积蓄 形容词：繁忙数词： 量词：代词： 姓名: 学号: 四、用二分法，用“||”直接在句子中划开主谓部分。（每题2分，共20分）
大学商务英语写作考试 复习题 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6b17290427.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR
商务英语复习题 1.What information should be contained in the first information section of a resume? A.the job objective B.family history and gender identification C.the date D.contect information 2.Which of the following is a “6C” A.Colorfulness B.Concreteness https://www.doczj.com/doc/6b17290427.html,fortability https://www.doczj.com/doc/6b17290427.html,patibility 3.What is the first thing to appear on a bussiness letter A.the date B.the letterhead C.the inside address D.the attention line 4.When writing the date on a business letter you should take care to do what? A.make sure you always put the year first before the month and day B.always use only numbers in the date field C.make sure you always put the month first before the date and year D.spell out the month 5.How many spaces are needed between the complimentary close of a letter and the typed name of the person writing the letter? A.3 B.2 C.4 D. as many as needed 6.What should you do if you are worried that the reader of a request you are asking will not honor your request? A.write the letter in an indirect style B.write the letter in a direct style C.ask them to please grant your request D.be forceful and demand they honor your request
1. The highest mountain in Britain is __B__. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth 2. The longest river in Britain is __C___. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn D. the Thames 3. The largest lake in Britain is ___A__. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 4. The first inhabitants in Britain were __C___. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons 5. British Recorded history began with __A___. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 6. In 829, __C___ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry I 7. Christmas Day __B__, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 8. In __B___, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America. A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth 9. With regard to its size, the USA is the __D___ country in the world. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 10. Among the following rivers, __C___ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S. A. the Potomac B. the Columbia C. the Rio Grande River D. the Colorado 11. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by ___B__. A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. GeorgeWashington 12. On July 4, 1776, ___B__ adopted the Declaration of Independence. A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress C. the Third Continental Congress D. the Constitutional Convention 13. President Jefferson bought __B___ from France and doubled the country’s territory. A. New Mexico B. the Louisiana Territory C. Kansas D. Ohio 14. The first known settlers of Britain were ___D____.
The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were