独立宣言 硕5班-10赵树凯 (2)
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阅读终极实战词霸天下+ 万法归宗= 阅览世界Part 1. 免费课程:针对词霸天下的学员承诺过的百科阅读训练开启!I wonder why: The Wind Blows and other questions about our planet How old is the Earth?Scientists think the Earth formed about 4,600 million years ago—although no one was there to see! They think the Moon formed then, too.Human beings are very new to the Earth. If you imagine our planet’s 4,600-million-year-long history squeezed into one year, people have only been around since late on 31 December!How the Earth changed much?Yes, it has! About 200 million years ago, most of the land was joined together in one big piece. Then it began to break up into smaller pieces called continents. These slowly drifted apart until they reached the places they’re in today. About 200 million years ago there was just one supercontinent called Pangaea.About 180 million years ago Pangaea began to break up.About 65 million years ago the continents drifted farther apart.Today, the continents are still drifting.Continents are massive pieces of land. There are seven of them in all. Trace them from a map, and try to see how they once fitted together.Emus live in Australia, rheas in South America, and ostriches in Africa. They look similar, and none of them can fly. They may once have been related to one kind of bird. It could have walked to all three continents millions of years ago, when the land was joined.North America and Europe are still moving apart by about 4 centimetres each year. That’s about the length of your thumb.Part 2. 限时免费:用英语学习《道德经》——史上最开悟的课程Chapter 8The highest good is like water.上善若水。
第4课为民族独立而战美国《独立宣言》(The Declaration of Independence)独立宣言是一份于由托玛斯·杰斐逊(1743-1826)起草,并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明北美十三个殖民地摆脱英国的殖民统治的文件。
1776年7月4日,大陆会议通过了《独立宣言》。
在整个18世纪60年代和18世纪70年代之间,英国和其北美殖民地之间的关系日益紧张。
1775年,在莱克星顿和康科德城爆发了战争,这标志着美国之革命战争的开始。
虽然最初的想法并不是完全的独立,但是托马斯·佩因的小册子《常识》促使人们相信对于殖民地来说,完全的独立是唯一可能的出路。
1776年6月7日,在第二届大陆会议中,弗吉尼亚州的理查德·亨利·李提出一个议案,宣称:“我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力,谨庄严地宣布并昭告:这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国;它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系,而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系亦应从此完全废止。
”6月10日大陆会议指定一个委员会草拟独立宣言。
实际的起草工作由托马斯.杰佛逊负责。
7月4日独立宣言获得通过,并分送十三殖民地的议会签署及批准。
这十三个殖民地分别是:新罕布什尔,马萨诸塞,罗德岛,康涅狄格,纽约,新泽西,宾夕法尼亚,特拉华,马里兰,弗吉尼亚,北卡罗来纳,南卡罗来纳,佐治亚。
委员会的成员由马萨诸塞的约翰·亚当斯、宾夕法尼亚的本杰明·富兰克林、弗吉尼亚的杰斐逊、纽约的罗伯特·R·利文斯通和康涅狄格的罗杰·谢尔曼组成,并被组成以起草合适的宣言。
杰斐逊起草了很大一部分。
在宣言被大陆会议采纳以前,大陆会议对杰斐逊的草稿作了重大改动,在刑事法庭上被重写,特别是在佐治亚州和南卡罗来纳州代表们的坚持下,删去了他对英王乔治三世允许在殖民地存在奴隶制和奴隶买卖的有力谴责。