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Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 11e, Global Edition (Mishkin) Chapter 10 Economic Analysis of Financial Regulation10.1 Asymmetric Information as a Rationale for Financial Regulation1) Depositors lack of information about the quality of bank assets can lead toA) bank panics.B) bank booms.C) sequencing.D) asset transformation.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking2) The fact that banks operate on a "sequential service constraint" means thatA) all depositors share equally in the bank's funds during a crisis.B) depositors arriving last are just as likely to receive their funds as those arriving first.C) depositors arriving first have the best chance of withdrawing their funds.D) banks randomly select the depositors who will receive all of their funds.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) Depositors have a strong incentive to show up first to withdraw their funds during a bank crisis because banks operate on aA) last-in, first-out constraint.B) sequential service constraint.C) double-coincidence of wants constraint.D) everyone-shares-equally constraint.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) Because of asymmetric information, the failure of one bank can lead to runs on other banks. This is theA) too-big-to-fail effect.B) moral hazard problem.C) adverse selection problem.D) contagion effect.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking5) The contagion effect refers to the fact thatA) deposit insurance has eliminated the problem of bank failures.B) bank runs involve only sound banks.C) bank runs involve only insolvent banks.D) the failure of one bank can hasten the failure of other banks.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) During the boom years of the 1920s, bank failures were quiteA) uncommon, averaging less than 30 per year.B) uncommon, averaging less than 100 per year.C) common, averaging about 600 per year.D) common, averaging about 1000 per year.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge7) To prevent bank runs and the consequent bank failures, the United States established the________ in 1934 to provide deposit insurance.A) FDICB) SECC) Federal ReserveD) ATMAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge8) The primary difference between the "payoff" and the "purchase and assumption" methods of handling failed banks isA) that the FDIC guarantees all deposits when it uses the "payoff" method.B) that the FDIC guarantees all deposits when it uses the "purchase and assumption" method.C) that the FDIC is more likely to use the "payoff" method when the bank is large and it fears that depositor losses may spur business bankruptcies and other bank failures.D) that the FDIC is more likely to use the purchase and assumption method for small institutions because it will be easier to find a purchaser for them compared to large institutions.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking9) Deposit insurance has not worked well in countries withA) a weak institutional environment.B) strong supervision and regulation.C) a tradition of the rule of law.D) few opportunities for corruption.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking10) When one party to a transaction has incentives to engage in activities detrimental to the other party, there exists a problem ofA) moral hazard.B) split incentives.C) ex ante shirking.D) pre-contractual opportunism.Answer: AAACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities11) Moral hazard is an important concern of insurance arrangements because the existence of insuranceA) provides increased incentives for risk taking.B) is a hindrance to efficient risk taking.C) causes the private cost of the insured activity to increase.D) creates an adverse selection problem but no moral hazard problem.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking12) When bad drivers line up to purchase collision insurance, automobile insurers are subject to theA) moral hazard problem.B) adverse selection problem.C) assigned risk problem.D) ill queue problem.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking13) Deposit insurance is only one type of government safety net. All of the following are types of government support for troubled financial institutions EXCEPTA) forgiving tax debt.B) lending from the central bank.C) lending directly from the government's treasury department.D) nationalizing and guaranteeing that all creditors will be repaid their loans in full.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) Although the FDIC was created to prevent bank failures, its existence encourages banks toA) take too much risk.B) hold too much capital.C) open too many branches.D) buy too much stock.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking15) A system of deposit insuranceA) attracts risk-taking entrepreneurs into the banking industry.B) encourages bank managers to decrease risk.C) increases the incentives of depositors to monitor the riskiness of their bank's asset portfolio.D) increases the likelihood of bank runs.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking16) The government safety net creates ________ problem because risk-loving entrepreneurs might find banking an attractive industry.A) an adverse selectionB) a moral hazardC) a lemonsD) a revenueAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking17) Since depositors, like any lender, only receive fixed payments while the bank keeps any surplus profits, they face the ________ problem that banks may take on too ________ risk.A) adverse selection; littleB) adverse selection; muchC) moral hazard; littleD) moral hazard; muchAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking18) Acquiring information on a bank's activities in order to determine a bank's risk is difficult for depositors and is another argument for governmentA) regulation.B) ownership.C) recall.D) forbearance.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking19) The existence of deposit insurance can increase the likelihood that depositors will need deposit protection, as banks with deposit insuranceA) are likely to take on greater risks than they otherwise would.B) are likely to be too conservative, reducing the probability of turning a profit.C) are likely to regard deposits as an unattractive source of funds due to depositors' demands for safety.D) are placed at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring funds.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking20) In May 1991, the FDIC announced that it would sell the government's final 26% stake in Continental Illinois, ending government ownership of the bank that it had rescued in 1984. The FDIC took control of the bank, rather than liquidate it, because it believed that Continental IllinoisA) was a good investment opportunity for the government.B) could be the Chicago branch of a new governmentally-owned interstate banking system.C) was too big to fail.D) would become the center of the new midwest region central bank system.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking21) If the FDIC decides that a bank is too big to fail, it will use the ________ method, effectivelyensuring that ________ depositors will suffer losses.A) payoff; largeB) payoff; noC) purchase and assumption; largeD) purchase and assumption; noAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking22) Federal deposit insurance covers deposits up to $250,000, but as part of a doctrine called "too-big-to-fail" the FDIC sometimes ends up covering all deposits to avoid disrupting the financial system. When the FDIC does this, it uses theA) "payoff" method.B) "purchase and assumption" method.C) "inequity" method.D) "Basel" method.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge23) The result of the too-big-to-fail policy is that ________ banks will take on ________ risks, making bank failures more likely.A) small; fewerB) small; greaterC) big; fewerD) big; greaterAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking24) A problem with the too-big-to-fail policy is that it ________ the incentives for ________ by big banks.A) increases; moral hazardB) decreases; moral hazardC) decreases; adverse selectionD) increases; adverse selectionAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking25) The too-big-to-fail policyA) reduces moral hazard problems.B) puts large banks at a competitive disadvantage in attracting large deposits.C) treats large depositors of small banks inequitably when compared to depositors of large banks.D) allows small banks to take on more risk than large banks.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking26) The government safety net creates both an adverse selection problem and a moral hazard problem. Explain.Answer: The adverse selection problem occurs because risk-loving individuals might view the banking system as a wonderful opportunity to use other peoples' funds knowing that those funds are protected. The moral hazard problem comes about because depositors will not impose discipline on the banks since their funds are protected and the banks knowing this will be tempted to take on more risk than they would otherwise.AACSB: Reflective Thinking10.2 Types of Financial Regulation1) Regulators attempt to reduce the riskiness of banks' asset portfolios byA) limiting the amount of loans in particular categories or to individual borrowers.B) encouraging banks to hold risky assets such as common stocks.C) establishing a minimum interest rate floor that banks can earn on certain assets.D) requiring collateral for all loans.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) A well-capitalized financial institution has ________ to lose if it fails and thus is ________ likely to pursue risky activities.A) more; moreB) more; lessC) less; moreD) less; lessAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) A bank failure is less likely to occur whenA) a bank holds less U.S. government securities.B) a bank suffers large deposit outflows.C) a bank holds fewer excess reserves.D) a bank has more bank capital.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) The leverage ratio is the ratio of a bank'sA) assets divided by its liabilities.B) income divided by its assets.C) capital divided by its total assets.D) capital divided by its total liabilities.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge5) To be considered well capitalized, a bank's leverage ratio must exceedA) 10%.B) 8%.C) 5%.D) 3%.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge6) The FDIC must take steps to close down banks whose equity capital is less than ________ of assets.A) 4%B) 3%C) 2%D) 1%Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge7) Off-balance-sheet activitiesA) generate fee income with no increase in risk.B) increase bank risk but do not increase income.C) generate fee income but increase a bank's risk.D) generate fee income and reduce risk.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking8) The Basel Accord, an international agreement, requires banks to hold capital based onA) risk-weighted assets.B) the total value of assets.C) liabilities.D) deposits.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge9) The Basel Accord requires banks to hold as capital an amount that is at least ________ of their risk-weighted assets.A) 10%B) 8%C) 5%D) 3%Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge10) Under the Basel Accord, assets and off-balance sheet activities were sorted according to________ categories with each category assigned a different weight to reflect the amount of________.A) 2; adverse selectionB) 2; credit riskC) 4; adverse selectionD) 4; credit riskAnswer: DAACSB: Application of Knowledge11) The practice of keeping high-risk assets on a bank's books while removing low-risk assets with the same capital requirement is known asA) competition in laxity.B) depositor supervision.C) regulatory arbitrage.D) a dual banking system.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge12) Banks engage in regulatory arbitrage byA) keeping high-risk assets on their books while removing low-risk assets with the same capital requirement.B) keeping low-risk assets on their books while removing high-risk assets with the same capital requirement.C) hiding risky assets from regulators.D) buying risky assets from arbitragers.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking13) Because banks engage in regulatory arbitrage, the Basel Accord on risk-based capital requirements may result inA) reduced risk taking by banks.B) reduced supervision of banks by regulators.C) increased fraudulent behavior by banks.D) increased risk taking by banks.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) One of the criticisms of Basel 2 is that it is procyclical. That means thatA) banks may be required to hold more capital during times when capital is short.B) banks may become professional at a cyclical response to economic conditions.C) banks may be required to hold less capital during times when capital is short.D) banks will not be required to hold capital during an expansion.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking15) Overseeing who operates banks and how they are operated is calledA) prudential supervision.B) hazard insurance.C) regulatory interference.D) loan loss reserves.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge16) The chartering process is especially designed to deal with the ________ problem, and regular bank examinations help to reduce the ________ problem.A) adverse selection; adverse selectionB) adverse selection; moral hazardC) moral hazard; adverse selectionD) moral hazard; moral hazardAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking17) The chartering process is similar to ________ potential borrowers and the restriction of risk assets by regulators is similar to ________ in private financial markets.A) screening; restrictive covenantsB) screening; branching restrictionsC) identifying; branching restrictionsD) identifying; credit rationingAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking18) Banks will be examined at least once a year and given a CAMELS rating by examiners. The L stands forA) liabilities.B) liquidity.C) loans.D) leverage.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge19) The federal agencies that examine banks includeA) the Federal Reserve System.B) the Internal Revenue Service.C) the SEC.D) the U.S. Treasury.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge。
《货币金融学》西财笔记共83页《货币金融学》笔记第一部分基本概念第二章货币一）名词解释1、货币货币是固定充当一般等价物的特殊商品。
（价值的发展经历了从简单或偶然的价值交换、扩大的物物交换、一般等价物到货币的四个阶段）1）货币是一般等价物，它具有和商品直接交换的能力；2）货币是固定充当一般等价物的特殊商品；3）作为一般等价物，货币是一般财富的象征。
2、代用货币（货币的发展经历了实物货币、金属货币、代用货币、信用货币和电子货币五阶段）代用货币即代替贵金属货币来执行货币相关功能的货币，主要指的是政府或银行发行的纸币（不足值的铸币也应属于代用代币）3、银行券银行券是典型的代用货币，是银行以自身信用为基础而签发的债务凭证。
4、信用货币信用货币也称不兑现的纸币，是指以信用为基础，通过信用（贷）程序发行的、在流通中执行交易媒介和延期支付功能的信用凭证。
主要特征有:1)除少数国家和地区外，信用货币通常是由中央银行垄断发行的不可兑现的、具有无限法偿能力的货币；2）信用货币是一种独立的货币形态（不再依附于贵金属）；3）信用货币是管理通货；4）信用货币是债务货币；（发行者负债，持有者是债权）5）从货币可接受的交易媒介和支付角度来说，其在现代经济社会中主要有两种存在形式，即现金和银行活期存款；6）以活期存款为基础的非现金计算居主导地位；7）信用货币的发行主要遵循的是经济发行的原则。
5、管理通货管理通货是一种这样的通货：相对于贵金属货币与代用货币，信用货币不再具有自动调节货币流通量的作用，发行过多的信用货币会沉淀在流通领域当中，政府在信用货币面前，可以根据经济形势的变化，通过对货币量的调节来实现自己的政策意图。
6、电子货币电子货币就是利用现代电子计算机技术对存款货币进行储存和处理，目前主要有智能卡和网络货币两种类型1）智能卡也称电子钱包，它实际上是由金融机构发行的一种金融卡，通过此卡，用户可以完成交易、提取现金和办理转账等功能；2）网络货币是依附电子计算机网络的出现而产生的数学货币。
西南财经大学金融专硕考研历年分数线及复习经验解读————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ2019西南财经大学金融专硕考研历年分数线及复习经验解读2019考研的小伙伴已经开始准备考研了,金融专硕作为热门专业之一成为很多考研儿的目标专业,但是刚开始都不知道去哪里查询院校的相关信息,感到很迷茫,接下来跨考考研老师将重点讲解2019西南财经大学金融专硕考研相关的信息。
考研儿可以作为备考的参考。
西南财大是教育部直属的国家“21１工程”和“98５工程”优势学科创新平台建设的全国重点大学,曾属于中国人民银行管,加上近年来大量引入海归老师,师资实力雄厚，金融专业为国家重点学科。
西南财大地处成都，相对于北京和上海，有地缘上的劣势，但是西南财大校友圈资源丰富,就业非常棒,很多毕业生毕业后在深圳发展。
目前,西南财大学生在深圳实力强大,就业非常不错。
１.关于西南财经大学金融专硕考研辅导班目前市面上经济学考研辅导班的有很多机构，但从近三年的通过成绩来看，跨考教育以郑炳带头辅导效果最好。
一方面在全国唯一按照院校进行定校辅导的教学体系,其教材教义也是行业独家——《金融硕士真题解析与习题详解》，尤其最后考前最后三套卷更是受学生追捧。
目前清华北大人民东财央财等经济学名校50%都是郑炳弟子。
２.考试科目101思想政治理论；２0４英语二;303数学三;43１金融学综合3．西南财经大学金融专硕考研专业课参考书目西南财大金融专硕不指定参考书。
根据历年真题及跨考高分学员复习用书等，我们推荐参考书：（1)殷孟波《货币金融学》：市面上有三个版本,推荐大家用最新的版本，即中国金融出版社出版的书。
（2）米什金《货币金融学》:这本书一定要看,西南财大金融专硕专业课越来越重视这本书。
（3）罗斯《公司理财》:罗斯《公司理财》一共３1章,从考试大纲看，重点考前面19章！西南财大金融专硕有指定的考试大纲，建议大家参照考试大纲复习,历年考题也是参照考试大纲出题。
Chapter1物价总水平资产预算赤字预算盈余经济周期资产转换逆向选择信息不对称道德风险货币市场场外市场商品货币通货流动性价值储藏记账单位交易媒介基点统一公债/永续债券指数化债券利率风险名义利率贴现发行债券(零息债券)到期收益率固定支付贷款不变价回报需求曲线预期回报率可贷资金可贷资金理论市场均衡流动性偏好理论供给曲线普通股财政政策外汇市场金融中介金融市场Chapter2股利一级市场风险分担交易成本承销Chapter3M1 M2M3恶性通货膨胀货币总量收入Chapter4普通贷款贴现收益率现期贴现值实际利率息票债券当期收益息票利率率现值资本利得率Chapter5资产需求理论机会成本风险超额需求超额供给费雪效应Chapter6无违约风险债券预期理论翻转的收益率曲线流动性溢价理论期限优先理论适应性预期现金流量股利有效市场假定随机游走戈登增长模型市场基本面代理理论银行业恐慌现金流量抵押品债务萎缩金融危机搭便车鼓励相容啄食顺序假定资产管理资产负债表资本充足性管理补偿余额信用配给信用风险存款外流贴现贷款贴现率久期分析股本乘数超额准备金缺口分析利率风险风险溢价利率的风险结构分割市场理论利率的期限结构收益率曲线Chapter7最优预测未被利用的盈利机会理性预期剩余索取权有效资本市场理论推广的股利估值模型Chapter8委托-代理理论限制性条款担保债务高额核实成本资不抵债净值无担保债务风险投资公司Chapter9负债管理流动性管理贷款承诺贷款出售表外业务法定准备金率法定准备金准备金资产回报率股权回报率二级准备金 T账户库存现金Chapter10自动银行机自动提款机存款利率上限脱媒银行破产银行监管巴塞尔协议商誉年金封闭式基金共同保险免赔额固定受益型计划固定缴费型计划足额基金对冲基金美式期权套利买入期权货币互换欧式期权执行价格衍生金融工具金融期货合约金融期货期权远期合约避险远期利率合约利率互换公开市场操作目标独立性贴现率金融衍生工具期货合约证券化Chapter11杠杆比率表外业务监管套利监管宽容Chapter12初次公开发行(IPO)付佣基金非付佣基金开放式基金再保险适时发行不足额基金承销商Chapter13长头寸综合避险保证金盯市单个避险名义本金未平仓合约期权期权费卖出期权短头寸股票期权互换Chapter14工具独立性Chapter15超额准备金浮款高能货币基础货币多倍存款创造公开市场操作公开市场购买货币乘数防御性市场操作贴现窗口能动性公开市场操作联邦基金率工具指标中介指标国际政策协调自然失业率非加速型通货膨胀失业率升值资本流动性贬值有效汇率指数配额现汇率汇率汇率超调外汇市场国际收支平衡表资本账户固定汇率制度国际货币基金组织官方储备交易余额特别提款权非冲销性外汇干预国际收支危机经常账户公开市场出售法定准备金率法定准备金准备金简单存款乘数Chapter16非借入基础货币Chapter17最后贷款人再买回交易(反回购协议)一级交易商回购协议Chapter18操作指标菲利普斯曲线真实票据原则泰勒规则Chapter19远期汇率现汇交易关税远期交易利息平价条件一价定律货币中性购买力平价理论Chapter20外汇干预国际储备储备货币冲销性外汇干预世界银行布雷顿森林体系法定贬值金本位制度有管理的浮动制度法定升值货币局美元化铸币税交易方程式货币理论实际货币余额总需求总需求函数浮躁情绪自主性消费支出净出口存货投资消费函数可支配收入总需求曲线长期货币中性积极干预主义者总需求总需求曲线总供给总供给曲线浮躁情绪自我纠错机制供给冲击货币流通速度后遗效应凯恩斯主义者长期总供给曲线现代货币数量论耐用消费品支出贸易余额Chapter21名义锚时间一致性问题Chapter22流动性偏好理论货币数量论货币流通速度Chapter23支出乘数固定投资消费支出计划投资支出 LS曲线 LM曲线边际消费倾向政府支出Chapter24总产出的自然水平完全挤出Chapter25货币主义者完全挤出效应消费支出交易方程式政府支出非加速通货膨胀型失业率非积极干预主义者部分挤出效应计划投资支出真是经济周期理论总产出的自然率水平净出口Chapter26消费信用途径消费简化形式实证分析适应性政策单一货币增长规则成本推进型通货膨胀需求拉动型通货膨胀计量经济模型政策无效命题结构模型实证分析货币政策传导机制 Chapter27 政府预算约束债务货币化李嘉图平衡式政府印钞 Chapter28。
第10章 金融监管的经济学分析一、概念题1．商誉（goodwill）答：商誉是一种无形价值，指由企业的良好信誉、产品的较高质量和市场占有率、可靠的销售网络、有效的内部管理、先进的技术、优越的地理位置等因素形成，属于不可辨认的无形资产。
其特征是：①商誉与企业整体相关，不能单独存在；②形成商誉的因素无法单独计值；③商誉与形成商誉过程中所发生的成本无关，它是一种获得超额收益的能力。
商誉只有在企业兼并、联营，或以全部产权有偿转让时，经评估才能作为无形资产。
2．监管宽容答：监管宽容是指监管者尽量不行使将破产银行逐出行业外的权力。
由于金融对于经济增长具有不容替代的支撑作用，因此，各国中央政府乃至地方政府都充分认识到金融资源对于经济发展的重要意义，因而，作为金融控制的主体也使得金融监管者本身在监管过程中存在监管宽容。
监管宽容是世界各国银行存在的通病，尤其在政府持银行产权比重高的国家更甚。
一旦国有银行出现问题，“大而不倒”的观念根深蒂固，很容易产生“监管宽容”，监管宽容的存在致使市场惩戒机制不力，金融监管的效率无从保障，道德风险的激励会危害整个金融体系。
二、选择题1．商业银行的资本充足率指（ ）。
A．资本和期限加权资产的比率B．资本和风险加权资产的比率C．资本和期限加权负债的比率D．资本和风险加权负债的比率【答案】B【解析】商业银行的资本充足率是指商业银行持有的符合相关规定的资本与商业银行风险加权资产之间的比率。
2．下列说法不正确的是（ ）。
A．金融全球化促进金融业提高效率B．金融全球化增强国家宏观经济政策的效率C．金融全球化会加大金融风险D．金融全球化会增加国际金融体系的脆弱性【答案】B【解析】金融全球化的积极影响主要有：提高金融市场运作的效率；促进资金在全球范围内的有效配置；促进了国际投资和贸易的迅速发展以及促进了金融体制与金融结构的整合。
同时金融全球化的负面影响主要有：导致国际金融体系和金融机构内在脆弱性的加深，削弱国家货币政策的自主性，加大了各国金融监管的难度以及使资产价格过度波动的破坏性大。
第一章：1.什么是金融市场，金融市场的基本功能是什么？金融市场是资金由盈余单位向短缺单位转移的市场。
金融市场履行的基本经济功能是：从那些由于支出少于收入而积蓄了盈余资金的人那里把资金引导到那些由于支出超过收入而资金短缺的人那里。
第二章：金融体系概述1.金融市场的种类划分(1) 股权市场和债权市场。
(按契约的性质)(2) 一级市场和二级市场。
（按在发行和交易中的地位）(3) 场内交易市场和场外交易市场。
（按交易的地点和场所）(4) 货币市场和资本市场。
（按所交易金融工具的期限长短）2.主要的货币市场工具和资本市场工具有哪些？货币市场工具：（1）美国国库券（贴现发行）（2）可转让银行定期存单（3）商业票据（4）回购协议（5）联邦基金资本市场工具：（1）股票（2）抵押贷款（3）公司债券（4）美国政府债券（5）美国政府机构债券（6）州和地方政府债券3.金融中介机构的概念和类型概念：金融中介机构是通过发行负债工具筹集资金，并且通过运用这些资金购买证券或者发放贷款来形成资产的金融机构。
（1）存款机构（商业银行，储贷协会，互助储蓄银行，信用社）（2）契约型储蓄机构（保险公司，养老金，退休金）（3）投资中介机构（财务公司，共同基金，货币市场共同基金，投资银行）4.直接融资和间接融资的区别（1）在直接融资中，借款人通过将证券卖给贷款人，直接从贷款人那里取得资金；在间接融资中，金融机构居于贷款人和借款人之间，帮助实现资金在二者之间的转移。
（2）直接融资的优点：短缺单位可以节约一定的融资成本，盈余单位可以获得较高的资金报酬。
缺点：盈余单位需要有一定专业知识和能力且负担的风险高；对短缺单位来说，直接融资市场门槛较高。
（3）间接融资的优点或功能：降低交易成本，实现规模经济；有助于降低投资者面临的风险；解决信息不对称问题（交易发生前：逆向选择；交易发生后：道德风险）（4）需要注意的是区别这两种融资不在于是否有金融机构的介入，而在于金融机构是否发挥了信用中介作用。
第1章为什么研究货币，银行和金融市场？2。
图1，2，3和4的数据表明，实际产出，通货膨胀率和利率都将下降。
4。
你可能会更倾向于购买房子或汽车，因为他们的融资成本将下降，或你可能不太容易保存，因为你赚你的储蓄少。
6。
号的人借钱来购买房子或汽车，这是事实，更糟糕，因为它花费他们更多的资助他们购买，然而，储户的利益，因为他们可以赚取更高的储蓄利率。
7。
银行的基本业务是接受存款和发放贷款。
8。
他们的人不必为他们的生产使用的人的渠道资金，从而导致更高的经济效益。
9。
三个月期国库券利率比其他利率波动更是平均水平。
巴阿企业债券的利率平均高于其他利率。
10。
较低的价格为一个公司的股份，意味着它可以筹集的资金数额较小，所以在设施和设备投资将下降。
11。
较高的股票价格上涨意味着消费者的财富，是更高的，他们将更有可能增加他们的消费。
12。
这使得外国商品更加昂贵，因此，英国消费者将购买较少的外国商品和更多的国内商品。
13。
它使英国商品相对美国商品更加昂贵。
因此，美国企业会发现它更容易在美国和国外出售他们的货物，并为他们的产品的需求将上升。
14。
在中期到20世纪70年代末，在20世纪80年代末和90年代初，美元的价值低，使得出国旅游相对较昂贵，因此，它是在美国度假的好时机，看到大峡谷。
随着美元的价值在20世纪80年代初兴起，出国旅游变得相对便宜，使它成为一个很好的时间来参观伦敦塔。
15。
当美元价值的增加，外国商品相对美国商品变得更便宜，因此，你是更倾向于购买法国制造的牛仔裤比美国制造的牛仔裤。
在美国制造的牛仔裤的需求下降，因为强势美元造成伤害美国牛仔裤制造商。
另一方面，美国公司进口到美国的牛仔裤现在发现，其产品的需求上升，因此它是更好时，美元强劲。
第2章金融体系概述1。
微软股票的份额是其所有者的资产，因为它赋予雇主微软的收入和资产的份额。
份额是微软的责任，因为它是一个由该雇主的份额，其收入和资产的索赔。
2。
是的，我应该采取的贷款，因为我这样做的结果会更好。
