基于matlab的无线传感器网络_毕业设计论文

物联网工程课程设计
基于Matlab的无线传感器网络节点定位仿真
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学号：
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二○一六年六月
目录
一、绪论 (1)
1.1 研究背景 (1)
1.2 研究意义 (1)
1.3 研究内容 (1)
二、设计要求及方案 (1)
2.1 设计要求 (1)
2.2 设计方案 (1)
三、基于无线传感器网络节点定位算法 (1)
3.1 定位算法简介 (1)
3.2 三角测距定位算法 (1)
四、定位算法在Matlab下仿真 (1)
4.1 参数设定 (1)
4.2 仿真实验 (1)
4.3 实验分析 (1)
五、结论..................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

参考文献..................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

一、绪论
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究意义
1.3 研究内容
二、设计要求及方案
2.1 设计要求
2.2 设计方案
三、无线传感器网络节点三角定位算法
3.1 定位算法简介
3.2 三角测距定位算法
四、定位算法在Matlab下仿真
4.1 参数设定
4.2 Matlab代码及仿真结果
4.3 实验分析
五、结论
参考文献
[1] 董跃钧基于ZIGBEE技术的室内定位算法研究及应用数字技术与应用2012年
1。

基于MATLAB的无线传感器网络优化设计一、引言无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Network, WSN）是由大量分布在监测区域内的自组织、协同工作的无线传感器节点组成的网络系统。

WSN已经被广泛应用于环境监测、智能交通、医疗保健等领域。

在设计无线传感器网络时，如何合理地选择传感器节点的部署位置、优化网络结构以及提高网络性能是至关重要的。

二、MATLAB在无线传感器网络设计中的应用MATLAB作为一种强大的科学计算软件，提供了丰富的工具箱和函数，可以帮助工程师和研究人员进行无线传感器网络的优化设计。

通过MATLAB，可以进行网络拓扑结构设计、能量消耗分析、数据传输模拟等工作，为无线传感器网络的性能提升提供有力支持。

三、无线传感器网络优化设计的关键问题1. 传感器节点部署优化在设计无线传感器网络时，合理选择传感器节点的部署位置对于网络覆盖范围、能耗均衡等方面至关重要。

通过MATLAB可以进行传感器节点部署方案的仿真和优化，找到最佳部署策略。

2. 路由优化路由是无线传感器网络中的重要问题之一，影响着数据传输的效率和稳定性。

利用MATLAB可以对不同的路由算法进行仿真比较，找到最适合特定场景的路由优化方案。

3. 能量管理能量是无线传感器网络中最宝贵的资源之一，如何有效管理传感器节点的能量，延长网络寿命是设计过程中需要考虑的重要问题。

MATLAB可以帮助分析能量消耗模型，优化能量分配策略，实现能量的有效利用。

4. 数据融合与处理在大规模无线传感器网络中，海量数据需要进行有效融合和处理，以提取有用信息。

MATLAB提供了丰富的信号处理工具箱，可以帮助实现数据融合算法，并对数据进行高效处理。

四、基于MATLAB的无线传感器网络优化设计实例以某环境监测应用为例，假设需要设计一个无线传感器网络来监测空气质量。

首先利用MATLAB对监测区域进行建模，并根据空气污染源分布情况确定传感器节点部署位置；其次通过MATLAB仿真不同路由协议下数据传输效率，并选择最佳路由方案；然后利用MATLAB对能耗模型进行建模和仿真，优化能量管理策略；最后利用MATLAB对采集到的数据进行融合处理，得出空气质量监测结果。

MATLAB在无线传感器网络中的应用指南在现代科学和工程领域中，无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks，简称WSN）的应用越来越广泛。

WSN由大量小型无线传感器节点组成，这些节点能够自主感知、采集数据，并通过无线通信网络将数据传输至集中器或数据中心。

WSN已被应用于气象监测、环境监测、农业、健康监护等众多领域。

在WSN的开发和研究过程中，MATLAB作为一种强大的工具和编程语言，发挥着重要的作用。

一、WSN的节点设计与仿真在WSN中，节点的设计和仿真是非常关键的一步。

节点的设计涉及到硬件选择、电力管理、信号处理等方面。

而MATLAB作为一种强大的数学计算和仿真平台，可以用来进行节点电路的建模和仿真。

通过MATLAB的仿真工具箱，我们可以模拟不同节点设计的性能，并根据需求进行优化。

例如，我们可以使用MATLAB中的Simulink仿真工具箱来建立一个节点的能耗模型，并对不同的电源管理方案进行仿真分析。

这些仿真结果可以为节点设计和性能优化提供指导。

二、WSN的信号处理与数据分析在WSN中，节点通过传感器感知到的物理信号需要进行适当的信号处理和数据分析。

MATLAB提供了丰富的信号处理工具箱，可以用于节点感知信号的预处理、滤波、降噪等操作。

此外，MATLAB还有强大的数据分析和可视化工具，可以帮助用户对节点采集到的数据进行统计分析、特征提取、模式识别等工作。

通过MATLAB，我们可以方便地对WSN数据进行处理和分析，得到有用的信息和结论。

三、WSN的网络协议设计与优化在WSN中，节点之间的通信是无线的，因此网络协议的设计和优化显得尤为重要。

MATLAB提供了用于无线通信和网络建模的工具箱，可以用于WSN网络协议的设计和性能评估。

通过MATLAB，我们可以模拟和优化WSN网络的拓扑结构、路由算法、功率控制和数据传输效率等方面。

此外，MATLAB还可以用于分析网络中的信道传输特性、干扰和抗干扰能力等参数，帮助用户设计高效、可靠的WSN网络协议。

学士学位论文无线传感器网络节点定位算法的Matlab仿真——质心算法的Matlab仿真姓名：学号：院系：专业：通信工程指导教师：申请学位：工学学士二○一四年三月学位论文原创性声明本人重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。

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本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。

作者签名：年月日学位论文使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保障、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向有关学位论文管理部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。

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本学位论文属于：1、□，在_________年解密后适用本授权书。

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（请在以上相应方框打“√”）作者签名：年月日无线传感器网络节点定位算法的Matlab仿真以达（师学院通信工程系, 653100）【摘要】无线传感器网络集成了传感器技术、微机电技术、现代网络和无线通信技术，已成为当前IT领域研究的热点之一。

由于其具有网络自组织、覆盖广以及高容错性等固有优点以及组网成本低、构建灵活、方便等特点，使得无线传感器网络在军事、民用等领域应用广泛。

节点定位技术是无线传感器网络的关键支撑技术之一，节点自身的正确定位是提供监测事件位置信息的前提。

本文研究了无线传感器网络节点定位算法的原理、分类和难点，分析研究了不同定位算法的原理并比较了他们优缺点。

针对无线传感器网络节点定位技术进行了系统研究，提出了一系列解决无线传感器网络节点定位问题的方法,并结合科研及实际需要进行学习和研究。

最后，本文设计实现了无线传感器网络定位应用系统基于Matlab进行了仿真实验。

【关键词】无线传感器网络；质心算法；节点定位；MatlabAbstract: Wireless sensor network integrated sensor technology, MEMS technology, modern networking and wireless communications technologies, IT has become one of the hot areas of current research. Because of its self-organizing network, the inherent advantages of wide coverage and high fault tolerance and low cost network, build flexible, and convenient, making wireless sensor networks are widely used in military and civilian fields. Node positioning technology is a key enabling technology for wireless sensor network node itself correctly positioned to providelocation information to monitor events premise. This paper studies the wireless sensor network node localization algorithm principle, classification and difficulties, analysis of the principle of different positioning algorithms and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Conduct for wireless sensor network node positioning system technology research, proposed a series of solutions to the problem of wireless sensor network node localization, combined with the practical needs of research and learning and research. Finally, the design and implementation of a wireless sensor network positioning application system based on Matlab simulation experiments.Key words: Wireless sensor networks; centroid algorithm; node localization; Matlab目录一、绪论 (1)1.1 研究背景 (1)1.2 研究意义 (2)1.3 研究容 (3)二、设计要求及方案 (4)2.1 设计要求 (4)2.2 设计方案 (6)三、无线传感器网络节点定位质心算法 (7)3.1 定位算法简介 (7)3.2 三边测距定位算法 (8)3.3 质心定位算法 (10)四、定位算法在Matlab下仿真 (11)4.1 参数设定 (11)4.2 仿真实验 (12)4.3 实验分析 (18)五、结论 (19)致谢 (20)参考文献 (21)一、绪论1.1 研究背景随着微电子技术和无线通信技术的飞速发展和不断成熟，具有感知能力、计算能力和通信能力的无线传感器网络孕育而生。

如何使用Matlab进行无线传感器网络设计和优化使用Matlab进行无线传感器网络设计和优化无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks，简称WSN）是一种由大量分布式传感器节点组成的网络系统，通过无线通信协作进行数据采集和传输。

在各个领域中，WSN的应用范围越来越广泛，并且对网络的设计和优化提出了更高的要求。

本文将介绍如何使用Matlab进行WSN的设计和优化，以帮助读者更好地理解和应用此工具。

一、Matlab介绍及其在WSN中的应用Matlab是一种高级技术计算语言和环境，具有强大的数据分析和建模能力，尤其适用于科学和工程问题的解决。

在WSN中，Matlab可以用于设计、建模和分析网络通信协议、节点部署和能量消耗等方面的问题。

通过Matlab提供的各种工具箱和函数，可以实现WSN的仿真、优化和性能评估。

二、WSN设计中的关键问题在设计WSN时，需要考虑以下关键问题：1.节点部署：合理的节点部署是保证网络性能和能量效率的重要因素。

在Matlab中，可以使用图形处理和优化算法来确定最佳的节点部署策略，并在仿真中验证其有效性。

2.能量管理：WSN中节点的能源是有限的，因此如何管理和优化节点的能量消耗是一个重要的问题。

Matlab提供了多种能量管理算法的实现，可以用于节点睡眠调度、能量平衡和能量感知等方面的研究。

3.路由协议：在WSN中，节点之间的通信通过路由协议来实现。

设计高效的路由协议是提高网络性能和可靠性的关键。

Matlab中提供了各种路由协议的实现和性能评估工具，可以用于比较和选择最适合的路由策略。

三、使用Matlab进行WSN节点部署节点部署是WSN设计的第一步，合理的节点部署可以提高网络的覆盖率和通信质量。

在Matlab中，可以使用图形处理和优化算法来实现最佳的节点部署策略。

首先，可以通过Matlab的图形处理工具箱创建网络拓扑图，然后使用网络分析和优化算法找到最佳的节点部署位置。

在Matlab中进行传感器网络与无线通信一、引言在当今的信息时代，无线通信和传感器网络的发展日新月异。

而在这个快速推进的过程中，Matlab作为一款强大的工具软件，不仅能够辅助设计和模拟无线通信系统，还能帮助开发和测试各种传感器网络的应用。

本文将介绍在Matlab中进行传感器网络与无线通信的相关工具和方法，探讨其在实际应用中的意义和价值。

二、传感器网络与无线通信1. 传感器网络的概念及应用传感器网络是一种由大量具有自主智能的传感器节点组成的互连网络系统。

传感器节点能够自组织、自配置，并能共同协作完成一系列任务，如数据采集、处理和传输等。

传感器网络广泛应用于环境监测、智能交通、农业、医疗等领域，为实时监控和数据获取提供了有效手段。

2. 无线通信技术的发展与应用无线通信技术是传感器网络实现信息传输的重要手段，其发展经历了从2G到4G再到5G的迭代升级。

无线通信技术的进步不仅提高了通信速率和容量，还增加了网络的可靠性和稳定性。

如今，无线通信已经深入到人们的生活中，无处不在，为人们的沟通提供了更便捷的方式。

三、Matlab在传感器网络中的应用1. 传感器网络的建模和仿真Matlab提供了丰富的工具和函数，可以用于传感器网络的建模和仿真。

通过Matlab的Simulink和Stateflow工具，可以构建传感器节点和网络的模型，并进行系统级的仿真和验证。

这有助于设计优化传感器网络的拓扑结构、通信协议和能量管理策略，提高网络的性能和功耗效率。

2. 传感器数据分析和处理传感器网络收集到的数据往往包含了大量的噪声和冗余信息，需要进行有效的分析和处理。

Matlab提供了丰富的信号处理和数据分析工具包，如滤波、降噪、特征提取等，能够帮助研究人员对传感器数据进行精确的分析和提取，提高数据的可靠性和有效性。

3. 传感器网络的可视化和结果展示Matlab具有强大的图形绘制和数据可视化功能，可以将传感器网络的拓扑结构、节点状态和数据结果进行直观的展示。

1 引言1.1 背景和发展俗语有云“水火无情”。

当今，火灾是世界各国人民所面临的一个共同的灾难性问题。

它给人类社会造成过不少生命、财产的严重损失。

随着社会生产力的发展，社会财富的日益增加，火灾损失上升及火灾危害范围扩大的总趋势是客观规律。

据联合国“世界火灾统计中心”提供的资料介绍，发生火灾的损失，美国不到7 年翻一番，日本平均16 年翻一番，中国平均12 年翻一番。

全世界每天发生火灾1 万多起，造成数百人死亡。

近几年来，我国每年发生火灾约4万起，死2000多人，伤3000—4000 人，每年火灾造成的直接财产损失10 多亿元，尤其是造成几十人、几百人死亡的特大恶性火灾时有发生，给国家和人民群众的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。

严峻的现实证明，火灾是当今世界上多发性灾害中发生频率较高的一种灾害，也是时空跨度最大的一种灾害。

因此，火灾的监控成为科研工作的一大课题。

随着科技的进步, 现代火灾监控系统正朝着分布式、网络化、智能化的方向发展。

人们不仅要求系统稳定可靠, 功能齐全, 而且还要求能够结合无线通信的优势, 实现无线监控, 实时掌握系统的运行状态。

传统的火灾监测系统主要安装红外或微波等各种类型的报警探测器, 通过有线方式与计算机安全综合管理系统联网, 计算机系统对报警系统进行集中管理和控制。

由于电子设备长期处于运行状态, 电气设备过载、过热、短路的火灾隐患较多。

因此, 传统的火灾监控系统本身存在着很多的安全隐患。

本次设计便运用了无线传感器网络和动态机器人联合工作的思想设计了火灾监控系统。

该系统共有传感器节点、机器人节点、危险敌对区域搜索节点和远端用户节点四种节点。

无线传感器网络是由大量的具有温度、湿度采集功能、无线通信、计算功能的微小传感器节点构成的自组织分布网络系统。

每个节点具有数据采集与路由功能。

传感器节点最后把数据都发送到机器人节点处,机器人节点相当于网关负责融合、存储数据,并把它传送到Internet或卫星网络上将信息传给用户节点。

Development of Fire Detection Systems in the Intelligent BuildingZ. Liu, J. Makar and A. K. KimInstitute for Research in ConstructionNational Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, CanadaIntroductionAn intelligent building can be defined as one that combines the best available concepts, designs, materials, systems and technologies to provide a responsive, effective and supportive intelligent environment for achieving the occupants objectives over the full life-span of the building. Compared with traditional buildings, intelligent buildings should be able to reduce energy consumption, reduce maintenance and service operation costs, provide improved security services, improve ease of layout planning and re-planning, and increase the satisfaction of building occupants. Other benefits should include its adaptability to changing uses and technology and its environmental performance in providing safer, healthier and more comfortable working conditions. Intelligent building proponents also believe that these buildings will improve worker productivity through improved work environments. Over the last two decades, the intelligent building concept has become an important consideration in the planning of many new or upgraded office buildings. It has also been further developed to embrace other types of living and working environments such as homes, factories and education facilities.Fire detection and the corresponding safety systems are crucial parts of an intelligent building. Billions of dollars are spent annually to install and maintain fire detection systems in buildings to assure safety from unwanted fires. Intelligent systems developed in the intelligent building offer opportunities to meet this task more effectively, efficiently and economically. New sensors will produce earlier and more reliable fire detection. Wireless systems will eliminate the need for cabling and offeropportunities for fire fighters to work out fire fighting strategies before arrival at the fire scene. Integrated building systems hold the potential for reducing false alarms, speeding building evacuation and assisting in fire fighting. These changes will create new ways to provide fire safety and new markets for fire detection, alarm and fighting systems. As these technologies mature, changes to building practices may also result.This paper reviews the current state of the art for fire detection and alarm systems in intelligent buildings. It identifies new technologies and concepts developed for intelligent buildings that could be used to improve the capability of fire safety systems. The potential effects of integrated building service systems and barriers to the development of fire detection and alarm systems in intelligent buildings are discussed. The paper concludes by examining how these new systems may be combined to provide the next generation of intelligent fire safety systems.Emerging Sensor TechnologiesNew sensor technologies will be key components in the next generation of intelligent buildings. Current intelligent buildings often have embedded processors and dedicated information networks. The new generation is expected to add the capability to learn about the building ís circumstances and its occupants needs and change the behavior of its control systems accordingly. The employment of a large number of sensors within the building will allow it to operate in a responsive manner, rather than using preprogrammed control models as are employed in the first two generations of intelligent building. The information provided by sensors includes changes in both internal and external environments of a building, such as smoke, temperature and humidity, air quality, air movement, and the number of building occupants as well as a host of other properties. The system will use sensors to identify how a particular person tends to react to particular circumstances and to learn different behaviors for different people.The number of sensors required to obtain this type of functionality is quite high,especially since one of the major goals of intelligent buildings is to allow individualized control of an environment. This need will increase the cost of intelligent buildings and make it difficult to manage the resulting large amount of data. Development of cost-effective sensors has consequently been identified as a key need for intelligent buildings. Fortunately, many of the properties that need to be monitored can be used for multiple purposes. Security systems that can track the entry and exit of occupants from an office building can also be used to ensure complete evacuation of a building during a fire or even, in more advanced forms, determine where occupants may be trapped and unable to escape. Similarly, parameters such as temperature and air movement are as relevant to fire detection as the maintenance of the indoor working environment. Dual use sensors and sensor systems that are flexible enough to interpret data from different events will be key to making cost efficient intelligent buildings. Efforts are being made to develop multi-function sensors for simultaneously detecting fire and monitoring indoor air quality (IAQ). Multi-function sensors that combine inputs from several different chemicals or physical processes would be expected to reduce the rate of false alarms and increase the speed of detection of real problems. They should therefore enhance fire safety while at the same time lowering total system costs. The chemical gas sensor has potential for this type of application. Chemical sensor techniques are now available for measuring almost any stable gaseous species emitted from materials and prior to or during combustion. Chemical species can be sensed through a multitude of interactions, including catalytic, electrochemical, mechanic-chemical, and optical processes. In one square inch, several hundred individual sensors can be placed in an array. By coating each sensor with a different semi-conducting material, several hundred different readings for gas signatures can be made by an expert system. Recently, one olfactory sensor array system has been developed for environmental monitoring and for fire and smoke detection. Such a system consists of an array of broadly-selective chemical sensors coupled to microprocessor-based pattern-recognition algorithms so that the changes in environmental conditions, such as CO, CO2 and smoke, can be detected.A major issue in any sensor system is differentiating between different causes of the event being detected. Higher than expected levels of CO2, for example, may be the signs of a fire, but may also be a sign of poor air circulation within a room. When separate sensors installed in the building for fire safety, thermal comfort control and environmental monitoring can be integrated, sensitivity to fires and false alarm immunity can be significantly enhanced. These sensors are located in different positions in the building. Once a fire occurs, the system can take multiple fire signatures and the spatial relationship and status of adjacent detectors into account in making decisions. Separate fire sensitivity information produced by these sensors would be transmitted to a control panel where fire signal processing and alarm and fault determinations are made. The use of a powerful central processing unit (CPU) in the control panel would also allow the system to use complex algorithms and advanced signal processing for fire signature identification. The role of the control panel in improving fire detection capability has already been recognized, with a system using control panels for decision making being one of two main versions of intelligent fire detection systems. Modern control panels are much more powerful and flexible because of the widespread use of integrated circuits and digital components that allow functions to be fully computer controlled. These control panels have powerful signal processing capability and use artificial intelligent techniques, to improve fire detection system reliability, response times to incipient fires, false alarm rates and maintenance requirements. The Building and Fire Research Laboratory at NIST has recently initiated a project to further develop advanced fire detection and alarm panels. This project aims to use information provided by sensors and advanced models of fire growth and smoke spread in buildings to discriminate between fire and non-fire threats, identify the exact location of a fire in a building, and provide continuous estimates on the short and long term behavior of fire growth and smoke spread in the building. Such fire information will allow building operators and fire fighters to make a more accurate and responsive evaluation of any fire-related incident in the building, to control fires and supervise the evacuation from the building.Computer vision systems can also be used as a type of multi-function sensor. Computer vision applications have included building security, improving response rate and energy saving for HV AC systems by identifying occupant numbers and their locations, monitoring electrical power switchboards and control panels and lighting level sensing and control. Computer vision also has strong advantages for use in sensing and monitoring a fire. Cameras and corresponding facilities required in the computer vision system are already standard features of many buildings for other applications. Additional fire detection capability can therefore be added with minimal cost through changes in software and correlating results between the computer vision system and other sensors. One such application is the machine vision fire detection system (MVFDS), which uses a combination of video cameras, computers, and artificial intelligence techniques. It processes multiple spectral images in real time to reliably detect a small fire at large distances in a very short time. It can also identify the location of a fire, track its growth and monitor fire suppression. For some applications, the MVFDS is further combined with radiation sensors (UV and IR) to enhance its detection capabilities or a CCD camera to automatically evaluate the scene through identification of bright regions associated with the fire radiation and increase system reliability. The development of this computer vision system is still ongoing and is viewed as being restricted due to the need for expensive and sophisticated software and hardware components.Wireless sensors are another important emerging technology for intelligent buildings. Wireless fire detectors are already available in the market. An alarm signal is transmitted to the control panel by radio, infra red transmission, ultra sonic and microwaves when smoke or rapid temperature changes are detected. Their significance comes not from their ability to measure new parameters, but because they do not require a hardwired connection to the data acquisition system that will record their readings. This capability not only allows wireless sensors to be located anywhere inside a room, but also means that they can be installed in the exterior envelope or other locations that would be too expensive or physically impossible to monitor in any other way. Wirelesstechnology may also be a necessity for retrofitting intelligent building technology in older buildings, where the difficulty and cost of installation is a significant barrier. In many cases installing intelligent building systems in older buildings requires major renovations. It can rarely, if ever, be done without damage to existing walls, floors and ceilings. It is likely that wireless networks will need to be developed to retrofit older buildings. Without such techniques, these older buildings will gradually become uncompetitive with new construction, reducing the value of the existing built environment.In large buildings, wireless sensors communicate with other building systems through wireless networks in the building. Intra-office data networks based on 10 GHz wireless networks are already becoming widely available. Wireless networks are expected to become the dominant media for low to medium bit rates for many intelligent building network applications. However, significant further development will be necessary for them to reach their full potential, and to overcome attenuation problems, such as absorption by office partitioning and reflection from wall, windows and other surfaces. Other major problems include the need to significantly lower the cost of wireless sensors, and the requirement for the development of suitable power supply systems that will allow the long term operation of these sensors.Development of Remote Monitoring and Control Techniques There is increasing interest in remotely monitoring building service systems. Intelligent remote monitoring can significantly increase efficiency and reduce costs for building management operations. They may be especially important for small facilities where skilled technical supervision would otherwise be too expensive to consider. These systems could let a single person supervise a number of buildings. Most commercial monitoring systems use a modem and remote dial-up to access the building ís operating system. Alarm messages from the building systems can also be directly sent to the equipment ís manufacturer without intervention from the building ís operator. More recently, studies have been carried out using the Internet for real-time control of a building automationsystem. Compared to voice touch- tone interface, the Internet is able to provide more information (text, images and sound clips). Researchers at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom are developing an embedded-internet within a building that will allow building users or manufacturers to directly communicate with the building service systems. The City University of Hong Kong has carried out an initial research project to use the Internet for real-time control of building automation systems. Their studies have shown that the Internet has the potential to extend the monitoring and control of a typical building automation system out of the building so that users can gain access to it at anytime and from anywhere. Their work also shows that one central 24-hour management office is able to manage a real estate portfolio with hundreds of buildings. Remote monitoring and control also has the potential to improve fire safety. It is estimated that 67 percent of all fires occur outside of office hours. Remote monitoring of fire detection and alarm systems can reduce response time and improve response effectiveness by providing adequate fire information to the building supervisor, activating fire suppression systems and immediately summoning the appropriate fire brigade. Some current advanced fire control panels have already incorporated a modem for remote access control. With the development of real-time control via the Internet, fire detection systems will perform automatic fault detection and diagnosis with early warning of sensor contamination before the overall integrity of the system is affected. Human intervention at the first sign of a warning should permit more efficient discrimination between fire and non-fire threats. When a fire occurs, detailed and adequate local fire information could be directly sent to the appropriate fire department. Firefighters could also access information from the Internet to identify the locations of potentially hazardous materials or occupants who will need special assistance to leave the fire location. Fully integrated remote access systems will allow planning for fighting fires to take place en route to the fire, rather than at the building ís fire panel. Remote access systems should therefore provide valuable additional time for property and life protection.However, real-time control via the Internet , is still in its infancy. Development ofthe advanced, Internet based remote access fire protection systems described above has not yet begun. In addition, significant issues, such as real-time control of security and safety, still need to be considered. Internet access to fire safety systems also creates its own unique fire safety issues concerning computer and network security. The full implementation of Internet based monitoring systems will require strong assurances of data integrity and resistance to computer hacking. Without these protections, fire fighters may receive false information about the existence, location or size of fires.ConclusionNew intelligent building technologies have strong potential to improve fire safety. Multifunction sensors (i.e., chemical gas sensors, integrated sensor systems and computer vision systems) and wireless sensors will not only reduce expenditure on sensors, but also reduce false alarms, speed response times and reduce fire-related losses. Real-time control via the Internet will extend the monitoring and control of building service systems and fire safety systems out of the building, which will increase the efficiency and reduce costs for building management operations, more efficiently discriminate between fire and non-fire threats, and increase the time available for property and life protection. The integration of fire detection and alarm systems with other building systems should also increase fire safety in the building.However, the application of intelligent building technology may also create completely new risks. Sensor technologies will need to be robust enough to prevent false alarms, accurately discriminate between fire and non-fire threats, and ensure that vital information such as the location of occupants is not lost due to data overload during a fire. Internet based monitoring and control of building service systems will need to be completely secure to prevent false fire information being provided to building owners and fire brigades. Integrated building systems will need to be designed not only to give fire safety priority over other building activities but also that fire emergencies do not crash the building service system. A close examination of the concept of systemintegration will need to be conducted as intelligent building systems become more prevalent in order to determine whether a full integrated building system has sufficient redundancy to provide adequate fire safety.In addition to the need for further research in developing new fire safety systems and ensuring that intelligent building systems do not hinder fire safety, additional work is needed to overcome the problems that are common to all parts of the intelligent building industry. Fragmentation of the building and communication industries, a reluctance to change established practices, the complexity of intelligent building systems, and the lack of universal communication standards have all slowed intelligent building progress. Much effort is needed to remove these barriers.。

无线传感器网络节点的设计摘要无线传感器网络是由部署在监测区域内大量的廉价微型传感器节点组成，通过无线通信方式形成的一个多跳的自组织网络系统，其目的是协作地感知、采集和处理网络覆盖区域中感知对象的信息，并发送给观察者。

本论文通过多方面的对比，提出了一种低成本、低功耗的传感器节点的设计方案。

该方案基于ZigBee技术，以无线射频芯片CC2430和片内温度传感器为核心设计了一个实时监测外界环境温度的传感器节点。

该节点可以将检测到的温度以无线通信方式传递给网络中心节点，继而由网络中心节点通过串口通信方式发送给用户计算机,由此用户即可实时掌握被监测区域的温度。

关键词无线传感器网络；节点；ZigBee；CC2430；温度The Design of Wireless Sensor Network NodeAbstract Wireless sensor network(WSN) is a multi-hop and self-organized network formed from a large amount of cheap miniature sensor nodes deployed in monitored area by wireless communication, whose purppose is to collaboratively perceive, collect and process the information of perceived objects in the network coverage area and to send it to the observer.By comparing several aspects, this paper puts forward a low cost and low power consumption design scheme of sensor node. The scheme based on ZigBee technology, with wireless Radio-frequency chip CC2430 and internal temperature sensor as the core, designs a sensor node that can real-time monitor external environment temperature. The node can transfer detected temperature to the network center node by wireless communication, then the network center node sent it to the computer user through serial communication. Thus the user can real-time master the temperature of the monitored region.Keywords WSN; node; ZigBee; CC2430; temperature目次1 无线传感器网络概述 (1)无线传感器网络的基本概念 (1)无线传感器网络的体系结构 (1)无线传感器网络的应用前景及发展现状 (2)2 传感器节点 (3)传感器节点的结构 (3)节点中常用的处理器和射频通信模块 (4)传感器节点的设计原则 (4)3CC2430芯片和ZigBee技术 (6)CC2430芯片 (6)ZigBee技术 (9)4 系统总体设计 (12)硬件设计 (12)软件设计 (13)结论 (17)参考文献 (18)附录A CC2430芯片内部结构图 (19)附录B 系统原理图 (20)致谢 (21)1 无线传感器网络概述无线传感器网络的基本概念无线传感器网络（wireless sensor network, WSN）是由大量的静止或移动的传感器以自组织和多跳的方式构成的无线网络，其目的是协作地感知、采集、处理和传输网络覆盖地理区域内感知对象的监测信息，并报告给用户。

MATLAB在无线传感器网络中的应用探索无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks，简称WSN）是一种由大量分布式无线传感器节点组成的网络，这些节点能够感知环境中的信息，并通过无线通信相互传递数据。

WSN广泛应用于农业、环境监测、智能交通、健康监测等领域。

在WSN的开发和研究过程中，MATLAB作为一种强大的数学建模与仿真工具，扮演着重要的角色。

一、传感器网络建模与仿真在WSN的开发过程中，传感器节点的布置和网络拓扑结构的选择是至关重要的。

通过MATLAB可以进行WSN的建模和仿真，以评估不同布置和拓扑结构对网络性能的影响。

MATLAB提供了一系列强大的工具和函数，用于创建并模拟传感器节点的行为、通信和能量消耗等特性。

开发人员可以根据实际情况，灵活地调整参数和配置，快速评估不同场景下的网络性能。

二、数据处理与优化算法WSN不仅需要收集和传输数据，还需要对数据进行处理和分析。

MATLAB提供了丰富的数据处理和优化算法，用于处理传感器节点收集到的原始数据，并通过优化算法提取有用的信息。

例如，可以使用MATLAB的统计工具对数据进行分析，了解传感器网络中的异常事件和趋势。

同时，利用MATLAB的优化工具，可以对数据进行优化处理，提高数据的质量和可用性。

三、能量管理与网络协议设计WSN中的传感器节点通常受限于有限的能量供应和计算资源。

为了延长节点的寿命并提高网络性能，需要有效地管理能量消耗，并设计适合于WSN的网络协议。

MATLAB提供了一套完整的工具，用于能量消耗的模拟和优化，以及网络协议的设计和分析。

开发者可以使用MATLAB进行能量消耗的模拟和分析，找出能量消耗较大的节点和通信过程，并通过优化算法进行节点的能量管理。

同时，利用MATLAB的通信工具和网络协议模块，可以进行不同网络协议的设计和测试，以满足WSN的性能要求。

四、实时数据传输与可视化WSN中的传感器节点通常需要将数据实时传输到基站或监控中心。