基于单片机的智能路灯控制系统 外文文献

浙江师范大学本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译译文：基于AT89C2051的多路舵机控制器设计作者：吴华波钱春来摘要舵机是机器人、机电系统和航模的重要执行机构。

舵机控制器为舵机提供必要的能源和控制信号。

本文提出一种以外部中断计数为基础的 PWM 波形实现方法。

该方法具有简单方便，成本低，可实现多路独立 PWM 输出的优点。

关键词： AT89C2051；舵机；控制器；外部中断；PWM引言：舵机是一种位置伺服的驱动器。

它接收一定的控制信号，输出一定的角度，适用于那些需要角度不断变化并可以保持的控制系统。

在微机电系统和航模中，它是一个基本的输出执行机构。

1 舵机的工作原理以日本 FUTABA S3003型舵机为例，图1是 FUTABA-S3003 型舵机的内部电路。

舵机的工作原理是:PWM 信号由接收通道进入信号解调电路BA6688L 的12 脚进行解调，获得一个直流偏置电压。

该直流偏置电压与电位器的电压比较，获得电压差由BA6688 的 3 脚输出。

该输出送入电机驱动集成电路BAL6686，以驱动电机正反转。

当电机转速一定时，通过级联减速齿轮带动电位器 Rw1旋转，直到电压差为0，电机停止转动。

舵机的控制信号是PWM 信号，利用占空比的变化改变舵机的位置。

2 舵机的控制方法标准的舵机有 3 条导线，分别是:电源线、地线、控制线，如图 2 所示。

电源线和地线用于提供舵机内部的直流电机和控制线路所需的能源，电压通常介于 4～6 V ，一般取5 V。

注意，给舵机供电的电源应能提供足够的功率。

控制线的输入是一个宽度可调的周期性方波脉冲信号，方波脉冲信号的周期为 20 ms（即频率为50 Hz）。

当方波的脉冲宽度改变时，舵机转轴的角度发生改变，角度变化与脉冲宽度的变化成正比。

某型舵机的输出轴转角与输入信号的脉冲宽度之间的关系可用图3来表示。

3 舵机控制器的设计（1）舵机控制器硬件电路设计从上述舵机转角的控制方法可看出，舵机的控制信号实质是一个可调宽度的方波信号（PWM）。

电气专业外文文献翻译---智能照明控制系统XXX control system is to conserve energy。

This system utilizes us pre-set control modes and components to accurately set up and manage XXX of n。

the system takes advantage of natural outdoor light and only uses the required XXX XXX 30%.Keywords: XXX control system。

bus-type star-shaped structure1.Advantages of the XXX1.1 XXX SavingXXX XXX-saving XXX utilizing pre-set control modes and components。

it can effectively manage the level of n required at different times。

This system takes full advantage of natural outdoor light and only uses artificial light when necessary。

As a result。

it uses the least amount of energy possible to achieve the required level of XXX-saving benefits。

XXX 30%.Note: No paragraph was XXX with the original text.)XXX control system is to conserve energy。

This system incorporates us pre-set control modes and components to accurately set up and manage energy-saving measures for different levels of XXX。

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：智能照明控制系统文献、资料英文题目：Intelligent lighting control system 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：自动化班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14本科毕业设计（外文翻译）题目基于PWM的智能多功能台灯设计Intelligent lighting control systemAbstract:Intelligent lighting control system the main aim is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of "pre-set" control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy toensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%.Keywords: Intelligent lighting control system bus-type star-shaped structure1 The advantages of the use of the intelligent lighting control system1.1 Good energy saving effectIntelligent lighting control system using the main purpose is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of "pre-set" control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%. In addition, the intelligent lighting control system for fluorescent lamp dimming control, etc., due to the use of a fluorescent active tunable filter electronic ballast technology and reduce the harmonic content, to improve the power factor and reduce the low-voltage reactive power loss.1.2 To extend the life span of light sourceLight source can not only extend the life savings, but also significantly reduce the workload of lamp replacement, reducing the operating costs of lighting systems, management and maintenance becomes simple. Both the thermal radiation source, or gas discharge light source, voltage fluctuations are a major cause of light damage. Therefore, the effective suppression of the fluctuations in voltage can extend the life of light sources. Intelligent lighting control system can successfully suppress the surge voltage power grid, but also have a voltage limit and the conjugate stream functions of filtering, to avoid over-voltage and under-voltage damage to the light. The use of soft-start and soft turn-off technology, to avoid the impact of currentdamage to the light. Through this method, the light source to extend the life span of usually 2 to 4 times.1.3 To improve the working environment improve efficiencyGood working environment is to improve the efficiency of a necessary condition. Good design and reasonable choice of light source, lamps and lighting quality control systems, can improve the quality of lighting. Intelligent lighting control system dimming control panel module to replace the traditional lighting of the level switch control is an effective way to control the overall room illumination value, thereby enhancing the uniformity of illumination. At the same time, this control method used in electrical components have also solved the stroboscopic effect, will not create uncomfortable, confused, feeling eyestrain.1.4 To achieve a variety of lighting effectsA wide range of lighting control, the same building can have a variety of artistic effect, for a lot of construction hyperchromic. Modern buildings, lighting is not simply to meet people on the visual effect of light and shade, they should have control of a variety of programs to make buildings more vivid, more artistic, giving a wealth of visual effects and aesthetics. As an example of a project, building the exhibition hall, lecture hall, lobby, atrium, etc., if with intelligent lighting control system, according to different times, different uses, different effects, using the corresponding pre-set scene control, can achieve the wealth of artistic effect.1.5 Facilitate the management of maintenanceIntelligent lighting control system for the control of lighting based on the automatic control of modular-based, supplemented by manual control, preset lighting scenes to the parameters stored in the EPROM Digital, these information is very convenient to set up and replaced, so that building lighting management and maintenance easier.1.6 Have a high economic rate of returnOur reference point for the Shanghai region, from energy-saving lights and provincial estimates of the two made a come to this conclusion: with three to five years, the owner can recover the basic intelligent lighting control system to increase the total costs. Intelligent lighting control system can improve the environment and improve employee productivity and reduce maintenance and management costs, but also for the owners to save a substantial amount of costs.2 Intelligent lighting control system componentsWe know that the intelligent lighting control system of building control system is onlyone part of the. If you want to focus on the various control systems to the control center to control, then the control system must have the standard communication interface and protocol version. Although such a system integration is feasible in theory, but it is very difficult to put into practice. Thus, in engineering, intelligent management of our building a distributed system, distributed, that is relatively independent of each control subsystem, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system control subsystem of the relative independence, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system from the control subsystem is a signal collection and monitoring role. At present, the intelligent lighting control system in accordance with sub-network topology, the following two forms, namely, bus and star-shaped structure-based hybrid. Both forms have the characteristics of a number of bus more flexibility, easy expansion, control of relative independence, lower costs; mixed some high reliability, fault diagnosis and rule out the simple, easy access to the agreement, transfer rate higher. Engineering design, we consider the building of intelligent lighting control system as an independent subsystem, use of international standards and agreements of the communication interface text, into the intelligent building management systems. Intelligent lighting control system uses a distributed, distribution-based approach,that is, the dimming control unit is relativelyindependent, self-contained,non-interfering, through centralized management and information interfaces, and intelligent building management system linked to the achievement of the building control center subsystem of the collection and monitoring of the signal. In short, the intelligent lighting control should be the main system is a centralized management, and the main trunk and information interface components consisting of the regional implementation of the same sample of control and signal networks; its subsystems should be a dimmer by the various types of modules , control panels, illumination detector dynamic and static and dynamic components consisting of detectors, respectively, of the regional implementation of the specific control of different networks, the main system and subsystems, such as between the components through the interface to connect, to achieve data transmission.3 Intelligent lighting control system and control of the control of the contentA project to control the use of intelligent lighting control system include the following categories: technology office hall, computer center and other important room, lecture hall, such as multi-function hall, exhibition hall, conference center, lobby and courtyard, walkways and elevators, such as the Office of Public site; building facade lighting ingeneral and also by the intelligent lighting control systems to control switch signal. Control the content of the term of the Interpretation: 1 clock control Clock management, etc. through the electrical components, to achieve the normal work of regions for the state of lighting in different time control. 2 the automatic adjustment control illumination Through each module and illumination dimming dynamic electrical components such as detectors, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the automatic lighting dimming control, making the region, such as illumination will not be outside with the sunshine factors change, and always maintain the default value in the illumination around. 3 control of the regional scene Through each dimmer module and the controlpanel and other electrical components, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the scene lighting control switch. 4 static and dynamic detection of control Through each dimming modules and electrical components, such as movement detectors, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the automatic lighting control switch. 5 Reduction state of emergency control Through each of the normal lighting control module, such as dimming of the electrical components, to achieve a state of emergency for the normal work of the various districts in the state of lighting and to give up the number of relief, such as dimming control. 6 Manual remote control Through the infra-red remote control, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of lighting control and manual control of the regional scene. 7 Emergency lighting control Here mainly refers to the control of intelligent lighting control system to the special region by the implementation of the emergency lighting control, including the following two controls: 1 under normal illumination and the automatic adjustment control of the regional scene with the regulation of the normal work of lighting the same manner as the control. 2 a state of emergency automatic discharge dimming control, through each of the emergency lighting dimming control module, such as electrical components, to achieve a state of emergency for the regions under a state of emergency lighting dimmers, such as giving up control, so that the accident in the state of emergency lighting to reach 100%. These are the characteristics of intelligent lighting control systems analysis and office buildings in a specific application in a number of experiences, hoping to play the role of forward, so that the field of technology in the lighting to fully play its role.智能照明控制系统摘要:智能照明控制系统的主要目的是利用“预先设定的“控制方式和控制元件对照明系统进行优化管理,智能照明控制系统在不同时期,不同程度上的照明进行精确设置和合理的节能管理。

The Control System for Lighting Based onSingle–chip MicrocomputerWith the rapid development of electronic technology,the system of control based on Single-chip Microcomputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microcomputer,as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional system—electronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on single-chip microcomputer.The paper expatiates on the designing theories and implementation method of the control system for lighting by wired or wireless communications.Taking the designing process as mainline,it describes the process of designing from two respects—hardware and software. In another word, the paper describes the process from the method of circuit designing to the software technology of realizing the demanded functions. The host controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer,and the auxiliary ones are based on AT89C2051. The system can do many jobs, such as wired communication,wireless data transmitting, controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: keyboard and LED display circuit,RS485 communication circuit, wireless transmitting circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit,etc.The designing of software mainly includes the several programming,such as wired communication,wireless data transmitting, lamplight controlling, timed controlling, keyboard scanning and LED displaying. The wired communication programming function is that through Master-slave communication method based on RS485 the host controller sends orders to the all auxiliary controllers or each one, including: turning on lighting, turning off lighting, regulating brightness of lighting, controlling timed lighting, etc.The wireless data transmitting programming function is that by wireless transmitter it realizes wireless controlling of the lighting,and achieves the functions identical to wired communication.Traditional building automatic controlling system only includes such subsystems:comprehensive wires, computer network, safe defending,fire defending and closed-circuits TV monitoring systems and so on. But in the recent years, with the economic development and the progress of the science and technology,people haveput forward more higher demands for energy-conservation of lighting lamps and scientific management,which makes the lighting control system of the classroom have such functions as energy-conservation,convenience,intelligence, etc. What’s more, it can improve the efficiency of the work and study, result in many kinds of lighting effects, and improve the management level.There are the design philosophy of this system,operation principle of every chip, and such relevant problems as the choice, making and debugging of the components and unit circuits about lighting control system of classroom,which regards the micro-control unit as the control core of the system. This control system is suitable for such occasions as various kinds of multimedia classrooms, station waiting rooms, offices, etc. It is mainly composed of lightening control unit, moving sensor unit, illuminative sensor unit, handed-control unit, and so on. The target of the design is intelligent lightening, scientific management,and energy-conservation and cost- conservation. The AT89C2051with the feature of cheap cost has been used as the control unit in the whole design.The whole system not only has been introduced in the paper, but also has been successfully finished with series of the Dais micro-control unit. The experiment suggests that this design can easily come true if the users do as the thesis. So it can be used as the intelligent lighting control system of the university campus.What’s more, it will affect better if combining with other intelligent control systems.LED SummaryLED (Light Emitting Diode), light-emitting diode, is a solid state semiconductor devices, which can be directly converted into electricity to light. LED is the heart of a semiconductor chip, the chip is attached to one end of a stent, is the negative side, the other end of the power of the cathode,the entire chip package to be epoxy resin. Semiconductor chip is composed of two parts, part of the P-type semiconductor,it inside the hole-dominated, the other side is the N-type semiconductor, here is mainly electronic. But linking the two semiconductors,among them the formation of a "PN junction." When the current through the wires role in this chip, will be pushing e-P, P zone in the hole with electronic composite,and then to be issued in the form of photon energy,and this is the principle of LED luminescence.The wavelength of light that is the color of light,is formed by the PN junction of the decisions of the material.LED history50 years ago, people have to understand semiconductor materials can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diodes in 1960. English is the LED light emitting diode (LED) acronym,and its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed in a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, that is, solid package,Therefore, the protection of the internal batteries can play the role of line, so the seismic performance LED good.LED is the core of the P-type semiconductor and components of the N-type semiconductor chips, the P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor between a transition layer, called the PN junction. In some semiconductor materials in the PN junction, the injection of a small number of carrier-carrier and the majority of the extra time will be in the form of light energy to release, thus the power to direct conversion of solar energy. PN junction on reverse voltage, a few hard-carrier injection, it is not luminous.This use of injection electroluminescent diodes is produced by the principle of light-emitting diodes, commonly known as LED. When it in a positive state of the work (that is, at both ends with forward voltage), the current flows from the LED anode, cathode,semiconductor crystals on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors,light and the strength of the currents.Instruments used for the first LED light source instructions, but all kinds of light colored LED lights in traffic and large screen has been widely applied, have a very good economic and social benefits. The 12-inch red traffic lights as an example,is used in the United States have long life, low-efficiency 140 watt incandescent lamp as a light source, it produced 2,000 lumens of white light.The red filter, the loss-90 percent, only 200 lumens of red light. In the light of the new design, Lumileds companies have 18 red LED light source, including the loss of circuit, a total power consumption of 14 watts to generate the same optical effect.Automotive LED lights is also the source of important areas.For general lighting, people need more white light sources. The 1998 white LED successful development.This is the GaN LED chip and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) package together cause. GaN chip of the Blu-ray(λ p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of the Ce3 + YAG phosphors excited by this Blu-ray after irradiating a yellow, the peak 550 nm. Blue-chip installed in the LED-based Wanxing reflection in the cavity, covered with a resin mixed with YAG thin layer, about 200-500 nm. LED-based tablets issued by the Blu-ray absorption part of thephosphor, the phosphor another part of the Blu-ray and a yellow light mixed, can be a white. Now, the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition of the phosphor layer and adjust the thickness of the 3500-10000 K color temperature can be colored white. This blue LED through the method by white, constructed simple,low-cost,high technology is mature,so use the most.In the 1960s, the use of science and technology workers semiconductor PN junction of The principle of developing a LED light-emitting diodes. At that time, the development of LED, the materials used are GaASP, its luminous color is red. After nearly 30 years of development, and now we are very familiar with the LED, has been sent to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other shade. However lighting necessary for white LED light only in recent years to develop,readers here to tell us about lighting with white LED.基于单片机的照明控制系统随着电子技术的飞速发展，基于单片机的控制系统已广泛应用于工业、农业、电力、电子、智能楼宇等行业，微型计算机作为嵌入式控制系统的主体与核心，代替了传统的控制系统的常规电子线路。

基于单片机的路灯控制系统设计--毕业论文基于单片机的路灯控制系统设计--毕业论文xx学院毕业设计xx学院毕业设计题目基于单片机的路灯控制系统设计学院工学院专业电气工程及其自动化班级学生xx 学号xx 指导教师xx xx 二〇一七年五月十六日- 2 - xx学院毕业设计摘要随着科学技术的日益发展，在日常生活中人们对于路灯控制系统的要求越来越高。

针对人们的需求功耗大，功能单一的系统已不再满足人们的需求。

本设计针对上述问题提出了一种新型的路灯系统，可以解决人们的需求。

本设计主要包括硬件系统设计和软件系统设计。

其系统硬件是由AT89S52单片机，时钟芯片DS1302，驻极体话筒，LCD1602和光敏电阻等为核心的的路灯低功耗智能控制装置构成。

软件部分是以Keil、Proteus等软件为载体，使用C语言对程序进行编写。

单片机根据光敏电阻和人体红外感应模块对路边状况的检测和时钟芯片DS1302设置时间来控制电压比较器实现LED路灯亮度的自动调节，通过LCD显示时间和光感度，通过光敏电阻实现故障检测，当路灯出现故障时，蜂鸣器会自动进行报警。

通过仿真及实物制作、调试，验证了本设计内容的可行性，为进一步研发推广提供了一定的数据参考。

关键词：单片机；传感器；路灯控制ABSTRACT With the development of the technology, the application of streetlight control system is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.Demand for people s needs, a single function of the system is no longer meet people s needs. The design of the above mentioned a new type of street lamp system, can solve people s needs. The design includes hardware system design and software system design.The hardware system includes the single chip of AT89S52, the clock chip 1302, Analog-to-Digital Converter and photosensitive resistor .The software system is based on Keil, Proteus and other software as the carrier, the use of C language to write the program.Single-chip according to the photosensitive resistor and infrared pyroelectric sensor on the roadside detection and clock chip DS1302 set the time to control the A / D conversion chip to achieve automatic adjustment of LED street light brightness. Through the LCD display time and light sensitivity, through the photosensitive resistor to achieve fault detection, when the street lights break down, the buzzer willautomatically alarm. Through the simulation and production, debugging, verify the feasibility of the design content, to further research and development to provide a certain data reference. Key words：MCU; transducer; Street light control 目录摘要I ABSTRACTII 1 前言1 1.1 研究背景与意义1 1.2 国内外研究现状1 1.3 本设计研究的主要内容2 2 系统总体设计方案3 2.1 硬件部分设计方案3 2.2 软件部分设计方案4 3 硬件部分设计5 3.1 单片机最小系统5 3.2 光线检测电路6 3.2.1 双电压比较器6 3.2.2 光敏电阻6 3.3 报警电路7 3.4 人体红外感应模块电路8 3.5 声音检测电路8 3.6 时钟电路9 4 软件部分设计10 4.1 软件介绍10 4.1.1 Proteus软件10 4.1.2 keil软件10 4.2 主程序设计12 4.3 子程序设计13 4.3.1 人体检测子程序13 4.3.2 时钟子程序13 4.3.3 报警子程序14 4.3.4 光线检测子程序15 4.3.5 中断子程序16 5 系统仿真与调试17 5.1 系统电路仿真17 5.2 PCB设计17 5.2.1 PCB介绍17 5.2.2 PCB设计实现18 5.3 电路板制作19 5.3.1 印制板和元器件检查及安装19 5.3.2 电路板的焊接及检查19 5.4 系统调试20 6 结论25 参考文献26 致谢27 附录1 原理图28 附录2 PCB图29 附录3 实物图30 附录4 元器件清单31 附录5 部分程序32 - 27 - 1 前言 1.1 研究背景与意义现如今中国的能源需求越来越多，但能源数量却很少，供不应求，特别是中国人口基数比较大，在此情况下节约能源是国家应该关注的内容，因此解决全国路灯的节能问题变得很重要。

编号: 湖北文理学院理工学院本科毕业论文（设计）题目系专业学号学生姓名指导教师起讫日期分类号学校代码密级学号湖北文理学院理工学院毕业（设计）论文基于单片机的太阳能路灯控制系统设计The Design of Solar street lamp Control system Based on MCU姓名张超勇指导教师陈传亮专业电子信息科学与技术院系电子科学与信息工程系论文提交日期湖北文理学院理工学院学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。

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（请在以上相应方框内打“√”）作者签名：日期：年月日导师签名：日期：年月日摘要随着可持续发展的不断深入，人们在积极开发各类可再生新能源的同时也在倡导节能减排的绿色环保技术。

太阳能作为一种清洁的优秀的可再生能源，已成为最有价值的新能源。

而在照明领域，寿命长、节能、安全、绿色环保、色彩丰富、微型化的LED固态照明也已被公认为一种节能环保的重要途径。

本文研究的路灯同时整合了这两者的优势，利用清洁能源以及高效率的LED实现绿色照明。

太阳能LED路灯是一种结合太阳能光伏发电技术与LED技术的新型路灯。

系统通过蓄电池将太阳电池组件产生的电能储存起来供负载在夜晚照明使用。

The Control System for Lighting Based onSingle–chip MicrocomputerWith the rapid development of electronic technology, the system of control based on Single-chip Microcomputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microcomputer, as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional system—electronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on single-chip microcomputer.The paper expatiates on the designing theories and implementation method of the control system for lighting by wired or wireless communications. Taking the designing process as mainline, it describes the process of designing from two respects—hardware and software. In another word, the paper describes the process from the method of circuit designing to the software technology of realizing the demanded functions. The host controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, and the auxiliary ones are based on AT89C2051. The system can do many jobs, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: keyboard and LED display circuit, RS485 communication circuit, wireless transmitting circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit, etc. The designing of software mainly includes the several programming, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, lamplight controlling, timed controlling, keyboard scanning and LED displaying. The wired communication programming function is that through Master-slave communication method based on RS485 the host controller sends orders to the all auxiliary controllers or each one, including: turning on lighting, turning off lighting, regulating brightness of lighting, controlling timed lighting, etc. The wireless data transmitting programming function is that by wireless transmitter it realizes wireless controlling of the lighting, and achieves the functions identical to wired communication.Traditional building automatic controlling system only includes such subsystems: comprehensive wires, computer network, safe defending, fire defending and closed-circuits TV monitoring systems and so on. But in the recent years, with the economic development and the progress of the science and technology, people haveput forward more higher demands for energy-conservation of lighting lamps and scientific management, which makes the lighting control system of the classroom have such functions as energy-conservation, convenience, intelligence, etc. What’s more, it can improve the efficiency of the work and study, result in many kinds of lighting effects, and improve the management level.There are the design philosophy of this system, operation principle of every chip, and such relevant problems as the choice, making and debugging of the components and unit circuits about lighting control system of classroom, which regards the micro-control unit as the control core of the system. This control system is suitable for such occasions as various kinds of multimedia classrooms, station waiting rooms, offices, etc. It is mainly composed of lightening control unit, moving sensor unit, illuminative sensor unit, handed-control unit, and so on. The target of the design is intelligent lightening, scientific management, and energy-conservation and cost- conservation. The AT89C2051 with the feature of cheap cost has been used as the control unit in the whole design.The whole system not only has been introduced in the paper, but also has been successfully finished with series of the Dais micro-control unit. The experiment suggests that this design can easily come true if the users do as the thesis. So it can be used as the intelligent lighting control system of the university campus. What’s more, it will affect better if combining with other intelligent control systems.LED SummaryLED (Light Emitting Diode), light-emitting diode, is a solid state semiconductor devices, which can be directly converted into electricity to light. LED is the heart of a semiconductor chip, the chip is attached to one end of a stent, is the negative side, the other end of the power of the cathode, the entire chip package to be epoxy resin. Semiconductor chip is composed of two parts, part of the P-type semiconductor, it inside the hole-dominated, the other side is the N-type semiconductor, here is mainly electronic. But linking the two semiconductors, among them the formation of a "PN junction." When the current through the wires role in this chip, will be pushing e-P, P zone in the hole with electronic composite, and then to be issued in the form of photon energy, and this is the principle of LED luminescence. The wavelength of light that is the color of light, is formed by the PN junction of the decisions of the material.LED history50 years ago, people have to understand semiconductor materials can producelight of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diodes in 1960. English is the LED light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed in a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, that is, solid package, Therefore, the protection of the internal batteries can play the role of line, so the seismic performance LED good.LED is the core of the P-type semiconductor and components of the N-type semiconductor chips, the P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor between a transition layer, called the PN junction. In some semiconductor materials in the PN junction, the injection of a small number of carrier-carrier and the majority of the extra time will be in the form of light energy to release, thus the power to direct conversion of solar energy. PN junction on reverse voltage, a few hard-carrier injection, it is not luminous. This use of injection electroluminescent diodes is produced by the principle of light-emitting diodes, commonly known as LED. When it in a positive state of the work (that is, at both ends with forward voltage), the current flows from the LED anode, cathode, semiconductor crystals on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors, light and the strength of the currents.Instruments used for the first LED light source instructions, but all kinds of light colored LED lights in traffic and large screen has been widely applied, have a very good economic and social benefits. The 12-inch red traffic lights as an example, is used in the United States have long life, low-efficiency 140 watt incandescent lamp as a light source, it produced 2,000 lumens of white light. The red filter, the loss-90 percent, only 200 lumens of red light. In the light of the new design, Lumileds companies have 18 red LED light source, including the loss of circuit, a total power consumption of 14 watts to generate the same optical effect. Automotive LED lights is also the source of important areas.For general lighting, people need more white light sources. The 1998 white LED successful development. This is the GaN LED chip and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) package together cause. GaN chip of the Blu-ray (λ p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of the Ce3 + YAG phosphors excited by this Blu-ray after irradiating a yellow, the peak 550 nm. Blue-chip installed in the LED-based Wanxing reflection in the cavity, covered with a resin mixed with YAG thin layer, about 200-500 nm. LED-based tablets issued by the Blu-ray absorption part of the phosphor, the phosphor another part of the Blu-ray and a yellow light mixed,can be a white. Now, the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition of the phosphor layer and adjust the thickness of the 3500-10000 K color temperature can be colored white. This blue LED through the method by white, constructed simple, low-cost, high technology is mature, so use the most.In the 1960s, the use of science and technology workers semiconductor PN junction of The principle of developing a LED light-emitting diodes. At that time, the development of LED, the materials used are GaASP, its luminous color is red. After nearly 30 years of development, and now we are very familiar with the LED, has been sent to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other shade. However lighting necessary for white LED light only in recent years to develop, readers here to tell us about lighting with white LED.基于单片机的照明控制系统随着电子技术的飞速发展，基于单片机的控制系统已广泛应用于工业、农业、电力、电子、智能楼宇等行业，微型计算机作为嵌入式控制系统的主体与核心，代替了传统的控制系统的常规电子线路。

外文文献翻译：原文+译文文献出处：Forcada N. The research of Intelligent lighting control system[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 55: 62-77.原文The research of intelligent lighting control systemForcada NAbstractThe growing shortage of energy and the continuous improvement of the living standards of people, people for indoor lighting system for energy saving, comfort, pursue also more and more intense, the traditional lighting system is hard to meet people's needs. People want new indoor lighting control system installation designed to be simple and beautiful, and can according to the variation of indoor scene, automatically set the corresponding lighting mode. When indoor personnel quantity increasing, for instance, or indoor light dimmed, system automatically enhance indoor illumination brightness; When the researchers focused on the interior of a certain position, the brightness of the lighting system to automatically increase the corresponding position, and at the same time reduce the away from the target location of the brightness of the light; When people are watching TV, the system automatically shut off the corresponding lighting lamps and lanterns or weaken the corresponding the brightness of the lighting, etc.People expected indoor lighting system will automatically according to the change of the indoor scene, automatically switch to get the corresponding lighting model. In this way, not only can satisfy the requirement of people for the comfort of indoor lighting, also can achieve the goal of energy saving lighting.Keywords: intelligent lighting; Control system; photoelectric detection1 IntroductionNew design of indoor lighting control system it should be possible under the condition of the minimum power consumption, meet the needs of people living and working for. And existing traditional household indoor lighting control system, weadopt manual closing or disconnect switches for simple control, the controller of the dispersed, will not be able to realize the centralized control, in addition, now the traditional household lighting control system, for using single mode is also very light, system can't according to different indoor intensity of illumination and the flexibility to make corresponding adjustment, and also can't make different according to different requirements of lighting model of flexible adjustment accordingly. Single way of lighting, already caused the waste of resources, and can not meet the changes on the intensity of illumination automatically adjust the indoor environment, so as to keep the ideal intensity of illumination demand. It is because of these reasons, traditional way of indoor lighting control, now has lagged far behind the modern intelligent household demand for lighting control. In general, the condition of the traditional indoor lighting control system is simple. For traditional lighting control system, it adopts single control on line system more or the double control circuit control mode. In a single control circuit of the system, the control switch will pick up directly in the load circuit, it also can be to implement a simple function of on or off; For the double control circuit of the control system, it can be used two single-pole double switch to implement the system of dual control, but because of the connection between the switch lighting cable, therefore, when multicast integrated control, with the increase in the number of laying cable connection between switch, line installation also become very complex, the difficulty of construction projects. Rapid development of modern computer technology and wireless communication technology, to upgrade the traditional household lighting control system, the technical advantage of assurance. By studying intelligent household lighting control system, we can successfully solve the traditional lighting elaborate trivial, controller decentralized to centralized control, the indoor illumination cannot achieve flexible adjustment, severe waste of resources, many of the existing problems, and so on. Traditional lighting control system, adopt the way of manual switch more so, relatively backward management way, must gradually open or close them one by one, and the system control mode of single: only two control state and off rotation.And intelligent lighting control technology, it is with the development ofcomputer technology, and wireless communication technology, modern sensor technology, the development of network technology and automatic control technology and developed a kind of comprehensive application of modern technology. Intelligent lighting control technology application has a long history, it can be traced back to the 90 s of the 20th century, at the time of intelligent lighting control systems are mostly based on Field bus (Field bus) technology, the use of this technology, the control system can make the lighting control extends to the end of the equipment. Today’s intelligent lighting control system is to use a couple more twisted pair as a communication medium, namely cable intelligent lighting control system. In cable intelligent lighting control system, control network composed of twisted-pair cable connect all system control unit, a control signal from the system control unit, via the twisted-pair network spread in the whole control system, system of each control unit from control signal from the twisted pair, according to the communication protocol of the control system, in accordance with the provisions of the command action, the network intelligent control field. This kind of cable intelligent network control system has strong anti-interference ability, good communication effect, and high system stability.2 The kinds of lighting control system2.1 Dynallte intelligent lighting control systemThe control system mainly by the switch module, dimmer module, liquid crystal display touch screen control panel, intelligent sensors, clock manager, programming day, hand-held programmer and PC monitoring machine parts. This Dynallte control system USES the DyNet network connection, DyNet network is a distributed intelligent network, and it USES the RS - 485 communication protocols. The main working principle of this control system is: control module is controlled by the characteristics of the processor, all control components in the system interconnection on the DyNet network, and each device on the network within the remaining ^ ^: all are separate entities required for the operation of instruction. Users can use the control panel, through the button to select a preset scenes, is one of the most simple control method.96 each dimmer can preset scenario. In addition, the use of clock control isalso a common way of lighting control. Another common device is a common sensor, it consists of noise detection infrared tracking, photometric detection of photocell and receiver for remote control.2.2 C Bus intelligent lighting control systemThe Bus system is made up of Australia, C a electrical company develops in 1994, the C a Bus control system have been widely used in many countries and regions.C a Bus system is a two wire Bus type of intelligent control system, it is mainly used for the control of lighting system. In addition, can also be used to fire the linkage control system, etching the C a Bus system, the system all the cells device (except the power) are built into the processor and memory cell, all unit device consists of a pair of signal lines (twisted pair) connected to the network. Control system of each unit is set only unit address set its function, and software system through the output unit to control the load of each circuit. General principles of the group address and the output and input cell components set up corresponding contact. When system has input, input unit into a C a Bus signal, and then will be broadcast on the C a Bus system Bus, at this point, all the output of the unit in the control system receives the signal and make a judgment, control the corresponding output circuit’s a Bus system control mode generally includes the scene control, infrared sensor control, timing control, centralized switch control, local control and group control, centralized dimming Integrated control, wide-area control and system control, etc.2.3 The EIB intelligent control system installationThe EIB (European Installation Bus) the European electrical wiring device Bus intelligent control system.EIB it is for electrical wiring device of intelligent control system, intelligent lighting system is a part of the system.EIB standard is an open nature of the control system, it can be treated by a variety of chips in a variety of platforms, and expand the space.EIB intelligent control system by the bus, bus power supply, intelligent sensor (fuzzy switch, the light sensor, mobile sensors, time controller), intelligent switch drive and other intelligent components (logical module bus coupler).EIB is a kind of typical fieldbus control system, in the EIB control system, each component is a node, the different nodes are connected in a 2 coretwisted pair of medium on the bus, they both master-slave subordinate relations, can realize the communication between each other, thereby Implement control and be controlled.3 Intelligent lighting system control strategyIntelligent lighting system, usually is to use modern computer technology, network communication technology, automatic control technology, microelectronics technology, such as science and technology, according to environmental changes, objective request, the user condition such as reserve requirements and the various information in the automatic acquisition system, and the information collected in the corresponding logic analysis, reasoning, judgment, the results according to the specific form for storage, display, transmission and feedback control to 迖the best control effect of a kind of intelligent lighting control system. Generally, intelligent lighting control system should be based on the function of the environment in a certain area, in different period of the day, according to the indoor brightness or different USES of the region to automatic control of lighting, lighting control can transition from the traditional ordinary switch control to intelligent switch control. The application of intelligent lighting technology, the purpose is for people's work and provide new life comfortable and efficient lighting environment. Intelligent lighting it is the combination of intelligent technology and conventional lighting technology, from the basic form of its composition; it can be roughly divided into two major categories.Intelligent lighting lamps and lighting system, intelligent control to intelligent control unit and intelligent sensing unit for the system of the core of intelligent switches, intelligent lamps and lanterns, etc., can be single or several of the road lights on or off the control, the control of the bright or dark, delay or simple program control, and close the remote control and induction control, etc.This control system control and sensing unit has small volume, simple structure, small control power, etc.This type of product easy to use, low cost, and thus more be applied in such small space inside the bedroom environment intelligent lighting. Based on computer and intelligent communication network of intelligent lighting control system of intelligentlighting control system based on LAN mainly can be divided into the central system of centralized control and distributed control system of two types. Distributed intelligent lighting control system, is mainly introduced in the field of lighting control using the field bus technology, its work principle is system USES the main power supply, after dimmer module can be divided into multiple adjustable output circuit to realize the control of light lamp power supply. Lighting lamps and lanterns is the regulation of the switch and brightness can be controlled through a programmable multi-function control panel, in all the dimmer system and control panel can be realized by programming every street lamp of various types of control purpose, which can produce different types of lighting control scenarios and lighting effects.译文智能照明控制系统研究摘要能源的日益短缺及人们的生活水平的不断提高，人们对于室内照明系统的节能、舒适度的追求也越来越强烈，传统的照明系统很难再满足人们的需求。

基于单片机的智能路灯控制系统的设计摘要：随着社会进步，需求和单片机应用领域的不断扩展，各类智能产品、控制系统都是以单片机技术为核心来进行开发设计。

本系统采用MSC-51系列单片机AT89C51和相关的光电检测设备设计路灯控制器，关键词：路灯；单片机技术；控制如今，路灯已经是城市道路景观的一个重要部分，已经成为城市照明系统中不可缺少和不可分割的一部分，成为了市民出行和城市美化、亮化的一个基本要求。

随着社会文明的不断发展，城市照明已不仅局限于街道的照明，而且发展成了了城市景观等装饰性照明的综合市政工程。

社会对亮灯率、开关灯的准确率、故障检测的实时性和维修的及时性要求不断提高。

随着社会经济的不断发展，能源短缺已经日益制约着经济发展的严重障碍，其中电力短缺已成为制约国民经济的突出矛盾。

我国目前的市场上有多种路灯节能控制产品，能达到一定的节能效果，但就功能和效果上还不能尽如人意，主要有以下几种情况：第一种，采用自耦变压器及磁饱和电抗器的降压技术。

其不足是由于反应速度较慢，用电高峰时电压降到非稳定区容易造成灯光闪灭，不能自动调节，同时如果电压突然升高，则会对灯具造成损坏，相对来说稳压效果较差；第二种是采用电子器件构成的可控硅式设备。

该设备主要采取简单的相控技术，不足之处是元器件较容易发热损坏。

而为了更好的达到控制的目的，现在国内外都开始采用智能控制方式，如光控、声控、时控等，国外甚至开始采用太阳能供能光控方式来控制路灯，基本可以达到完全自给自足的效果。

而本文中研究的就是光控路灯的控制器设计。

1.设计题目智能路灯亮灭控制系统设计2.设计内容设计一套路灯亮灭控制系统,以MCS-51系列单片机为核心完成测控任务,当日照亮度超过阈值,控制灯灭;反之,则控制灯亮。

并且要求阈值可调。

3.方案总体设计和论证本次课程设计课题是《智能路灯亮灭控制系统设计》。

此课题要求以路灯控制器为对象，完成硬件系统和软件程序的设计，实现以光线强弱方式来控制路灯的亮灭功能，属于软硬件相结合的题目。