七年级英语语法归纳

七年级英语语法归纳（一）be动词。

1、be动词概说。

(包括am, are, is)be ①连系动词，本身有词义“是”，在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。

e.g. I am tall.(表语)②助动词，无词义。

e.g. He is playing football.2、be动词的用法。

am → 主语是单数第一人称（即I）。

e.g. I am…are → 单数第二人称及所有复数。

e.g. You are… The coats are…is → 单数第三人称及不可数名词。

e.g. Your father is… The money is…3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。

e.g. He is not a teacher.4、缩写形式。

①主语+be，缩写be第一个字母为’，再与主语合并。

e.g. you are → you’re Jack is → Jack’s②be+not否定形式的缩写，缩写not中“o”为’, 再与be合并。

e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t③不能缩写的情况：this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。

e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误)5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。

①一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其它照抄不变，最后+？，读升调。

（一般第一人称改为第二人称）e.g. The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father?I’m a middle school student. → Are you a m iddle school student?②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+be+not.e.g. Is he old? Are you a new student? Is your father at home?Yes, he is. Yes, I am. Yes, he is.No, he is not.(isn’t) No, I’m not. No, he is not.(isn’t)注意：①主语必须用代词回答；②肯定回答不能缩写；③回答第二人称，用第一人称回答。

③特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）。

1) 方法：将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词，然后置于句首，接着再将be动词或情态动词提前(置于疑问词之后)，其它部分照抄不变，最后+？(即疑问词+一般疑问句？)e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap?I can sing English songs. → What can you do?2) 注意：①被提问部分不能再写。

②提问动词(即提问做某事)，在改句子时注意还“do”，表示做什么？3) 相应的疑问词。

1. 事物→ what e.g. That is a cat. → What is that?2. 地点→ where He is at home? → Where is he?3. 人→ who The man is his father. → Who is the man?4. 谁的→ whose The coat is his. → Whose is the coat?（提问名词性物主代词whose后不用带物）That is Jack’s ball. → Whose ball is that?（提问形容词性物主代词whose后要带物或人）5. 怎样(程度，方式) → how She’s fine. → How is she?He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school?6. 职业→ what My father is a worker. → What is your fath er?7. 年龄→ how old Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa?8. 班级→ what class We are in Class 2, Grade 1. → What class are you in?9. 数字→ what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number?10. 哪一个→ which The boy in a blue shirt is Mike.→ Which boy is Mike? （一般which用来提问定语，并且后要带物或人）11. 颜色→ what colour His car is yellow. → What colour is his car?12. 数量→ how many+可数复数名词There are two books on the desk. → How many books are there on the desk?how much+不可数名词There is only a little wa ter in the glass. →How much water is there in the glass?13. 时间→ what time I can get there at six. → What time can you get there? when I can go with you on Sunday. → When can you go with me?14. 价钱→ how much The bag is twenty yuan. → How much is the bag? （二）代词：1、代词的形式第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格I we you you he she it they宾格me us you you him her it them(形)物主代词my our your your his her its their(名)物主代词mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs我(的) 我们(的) 你们(的) 你们(的) 他(的) 她(的) 它(的) 他们(的)2、代词的用法①动作的发出者，代词用主格，(一般在句首，动词前)。

e.g. He often writes to me.②动作的承受者，代词用宾格，(一般在句末，动词后、介词后)。

e.g. Let’s ask him. Let’s play with them.③物的主人，用物主代词。

(即代词所有格)1）形容词性物主代词后一定要带物，不能单独使用，一般用在名词前。

e.g. This is their classroom. That is my bike. It is her red coat.2）名词性物主代词，相当于形容词性物主代词+物。

e.g. The books are hers. (her books) The bike is his. (his bike)3）形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的区别：形容词性物主代词：后要带物（即名词）。

It’s my pen.名词性物主代词：后不带物。

It’s mine.(因此填物主代词应注意判断后有无带物，有用形容词性物主代词，无即用名词性物主代词。

)4）名词性物主代词作主语，要注意be的形式。

e.g. These are not her pens. Hers are in the bag. (her pens)This is not our classroom. Ours is over there. (our classroom)5）含形容词性物主代词与含名词性物主代词的句子可以转换。

（译法稍有不同）e.g. This is her pen → This pen is hers. Those black cats are his. → Those are his bla ck cats.这是她的笔。

这笔是她的。

那些黑猫是他的。

那些是他的黑猫。

6）提问物主代词用whose.e.g. This is my pen. → Whose pen is this? These pens are mine. → Whose are these pens?注意：1. 提问形容词性物主代词，用Whose+物。

2. 提问名词性物主代词，用Whose.3. Whose + be + 主语，be 根据主语判断。

7）whose 句型的转换。

e.g. Whose coa t is this? → Whose is this coat?（三）所有格：表示物或人的“所属”关系。

1、名词所有格的形式：①名词之后直接+’s e.g. Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s②以s结尾的名词只加’ e.g. students―students’2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词，但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。

e.g. today’s newspaper; an hour’s walk; China’s city3、注意：①表示两者或多者共有，在最后一个名词+ ’s。

eg. Mike and Jim’s room.（共用，用单数）Page 2②如果不是共有，指各有，则各词都应+’s。

e.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有，用复数)4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示，但注意词序与汉语习惯不同，形式为：名词+of+名词（前者属于后者）。

e.g. the door of the room. 那房间的门the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片5、注意：有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语。

（对等）e.g. his father’s friends → the friends of his father. the girl’s new bike → the new bike of the girl.the dog’s name → the name of the dog但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构。

因为’s 只用于有生命的词。

（四）名词的数。

1、名词的概念：名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词，如：teacher, school, morning, thanks, duty. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。