经济学原理(西方经经济学)期末考试题库

Mankiw

Essentials of Economics

Test Bank

Points

1.Multiple Choice

1) Economics deals primarily with the concept of( )

a) scarcity.

b) poverty.

c) change.

d) power.

2) Which

of the following is NOT included in the decisions that every

society must make?( )

a) what goods will be produced

b) who will produce goods

c) what determines consumer preferences消费者的偏好

d) who will consume the goods

3) A rational decision maker takes an action only if the( )

a) marginal benefit is less than the marginal cost.

b) marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost.

c) average benefit is greater than the average cost.

d) marginal benefit is greater than both the average cost and the marginal

cost.

4) Macroeconomics is the study of（）

a) individual decision makers.

b) economic history.

c) economy-wide phenomena.

d) how firms maximize profit

5) A microeconomist might study each of the following EXCEPT(

)

a) the effects of rent control on housing in New York City.

b) how a college student makes financial decisions.

c) how tariffs on shoes affects the shoe industry.

d) the effect on the economy when unemployment rates change.

6) The term market failure refers to( )

a) a situation in which the market on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently.

b) an unsuccessful advertising campaign which reduces buyer demand.

c) a situation in which competition among firms becomes ruthless.

d)

a firm which is forced out of business because of losses.

7) Which of the following is an example of a normative 规范（主观）statement?( )

a) If the price of a product decreases, quantity demanded increases.

b) Reducing tax rates on the wealthy would be good for the country.

c) If the national saving rate were to increase, so would the rate of

economic growth.

d) All of the above are correct.

8) For each good produced in a market economy, demand and supply

determine( )

a)

the price of the good, but not the quantity.

b) the quantity of the good, but not the price.

c) both price and quantity.

d) neither price nor quantity is determined by

demand and supply,

because prices are ultimately set by producers.

9) A higher price for batteries电池 would tend to（ ）

a) increase the demand for flashlights.

b) increase the demand for electricity.

c) decrease the demand for electricity.

d) increase the demand for batteries

10) Two goods are complements if a decrease in the price of one good( )

a) increases the quantity demanded of the other good.

b)

reduces the demand for the other good.

c) reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.

d) raises the demand for the other good.

11) If a shortage exists in a market we know that the actual price is( )

a) below equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater than

quantity supplied.

b) above equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater than

quantity supplied.

c) above equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantity

demanded.

d) below equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantity

demanded. 12) When the government prevents prices from adjusting naturally to supply

and demand( )

a) it stabilizes the economy by reducing market uncertainties.

b) it adversely affects the allocation of resources.影响了资源的分配

c) the improvement in equity justifies the reduction in efficiency.

d) the improvement in efficiency justifies the reduction in equity.

13) Knowing that the demand for wheat is inelastic, if all farm voluntarily

plowed under 10 percent of their wheat crop, then ( )

a) consumers of wheat would buy more wheat.

b) wheat farmers would suffer a reduction in their revenue.

c) wheat farmers would increase their revenue.

d) the demand for wheat would decrease.

14) Suppose that a steel factory emits a certain amount of air pollution, which

constitutes a negative externality. The social cost of producing the steel

includes the( )

a) private costs of the steel producers and the price consumers pay for

the steel.

b) private costs of the steel producers and the costs to the bystanders

affected by the pollution.

c) costs to the bystanders effected by the pollution only.

d) price consumers pay for the steel.

15) The Tragedy of commons can be corrected by( )

a) providing more of the resource for public use.

b) assigning property rights to individuals.公地悲剧可以通过产权私人化来解决

c) providing government subsidies for the resource.

d) making certain everyone in the economy has access to the resource

16) Which of the following is NOT true?( )

a) In the presence of a market failure, government action might not

improve on the market outcome because sometimes public policies

simply reward the politically powerful.