齿轮轴加工工艺规程设计

课程设计

齿轮轴加工工艺规程设计

教学单位： 机电工程学院

专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化

班 级： 机械09C（本)

学 号: …………

学生姓名: XXX

指导教师: XXX（讲师）

完成时间： 2013年5月5日

电子科技大学中山学院机电工程学院

I 摘 要

机械加工工艺规程设计能力是从事机械制造专业的科研、工程技术人员必须具备的基本素质之一。机械加工工艺规程设计作为高等工科院校教学的基本科目，在实践中占有极其重要的地位,工艺流程设计在加深对专业课程基本理论的理解和加强对解决工程实际问题的能力培养方面所发挥的作用是显而易见的。

本设计是齿轮轴的加工工艺规程设计,其结构虽然规则，但是精度要求比较高，所以工艺要求比较复杂。需要粗车、精车、铣车、磨销,其中精车是加工关键。车床加工工艺是以机械制造中的工艺基本理论为基础,结合车床的特点，综合运用多方面的知识解决车床加工过程中面临的工艺问题。

工艺规程是保证机械产品高质量、低成本的一种重要的工艺依据，工艺规程设计在机械加工中就显得更为突出，因此中小型零件加工的规程设计常被选作毕业设计的主要内容之一。

关键字：工艺规程；齿轮轴

II 目 录

1 绪 论········································································································ 1

1。1 引言 ································································································ 1

1.2 设计的内容及要求 ················································································ 1

2 零件分析 ···································································································· 3

2.1 齿轮轴的概述 ······················································································ 3

2。2 零件的结构工艺分析 ··········································································· 4

2.3 零件的校核 ························································································· 5

3 齿轮轴的工艺规程分析 ················································································ 10

3.1 毛坯的选择 ······················································································· 10

3。2 制定工艺路线 ··················································································· 11

3。2。1 基本加方案 ··········································································· 11

3。2.2 工艺路线的设定 ······································································· 11

3.2。3 加工工艺过程内容 ··································································· 12

3.3 基准的选择 ······················································································· 13

3.3。1 粗基准的选择 ········································································· 13

3。3.2 精基准的选择 ········································································· 14

3。4 机械加工工艺过程分析 ······································································ 15

3.4.1 加工阶段的划分及划分加工阶段的原因 ·········································· 15

3.4。2 加工顺序的安排 ······································································ 15

3.4。3 机床的选择············································································· 16

3.5 切削用量 ·························································································· 16

3.5。1 粗加工时切削用量的选择原则 ···················································· 16

3。5。2 精加工时切削用量的选择原则 ·················································· 17

3.5。3 选择切削用量 ········································································· 18

3.6 确定加工余量、工序尺寸及公差 ···························································· 19

3。7 基本工时 ························································································ 20

4 结束语······································································································ 22

参考文献······································································································ 23

致 谢 ·········································································································· 24

1 1 绪 论

1.1 引言

机械设计在机械工程中十分重要，它是理论联系实际的重要纽带.本次课程设计不仅加深了我们对与课本理论知识的理解，更是将机械的理论与实际中的运用有机的结合并进行深层次的实践训练，使学生对于理论联系实际认识更加清晰，为以后社会的经验埋下重要的伏笔，即锻炼了我们的设计创新能力，又增强了机械设计构思。机械加工工艺流程设计能力是从事机械制造专业的科研、工程技术人员必须具备的基本素质之一。机械加工工艺流程设计作为高等工科院校教学的基本科目,在实践中占有极其重要的地位，工艺流程设计在加深对专业课程基本理论的理解和加强对解决工程实际问题的能力培养方面所发挥的作用是显而易见的。

减速器是原动机和工作机之间的独立的闭式传动装置,用来降低转速和增大转矩,以满足工作需要。齿轮减速器在各行各业中十分广泛地使用着，是一种不可缺少的机械传动装置。当前减速器普遍存在着体积大、重量大，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题.国外的减速器,以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势,减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长.但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主,体积和重量问题，也未解决好.日本住友重工研制的FA型高精度减速器和美国Alan-Newton公司研制的X-Y式减速器，在传动原理和结构上与本项目类似或相近，都为目前先进的齿轮减速器。国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主.齿轮轴是减速器的一个基本零部件，在现代生活中有十分重要和不可忽视的地位。

1.2 设计的内容及要求

本设计是齿轮轴的加工工艺规程的设计,其结构虽然规则，但是精度要求比较高，所以工艺要求比较复杂。总体介绍所追踪的典型零件的加工流程,包括毛坯—初检-粗加工-精加工工零等步骤;所加部件的形状、结构、尺寸及重要配合参数，并完成工件的三维造型。确定零部件的加工方法和步骤，包括使用设备、装夹方法、工装夹具、加工方位、刀具选择、加工参数选择等。工艺流程是保证机械产品高质量、低成本的一种重要的工艺依据，工艺流程设计在机械加工中就显得更为突出[1］.本设计的目的是为了巩固加工工艺规程设计的基础理论和专业知识,能够用新的更合理的工艺规程来代替旧的相对不合理的工艺规程.要求我们能对机械制造有一个总体的、全面的了解与把握，能掌握金属切削过程

2 的基本规律；掌握机械加工的基本知识；能选择加工方法与机床、刀具、夹具及加工参数；具备制定工艺规程的能力和掌握机械加工精度和表面质量分析的基本理论及基本知识；对于在设计过程中出现的问题能够通过翻阅参考文献进行解决。

3 2 零件分析

2。1 齿轮轴的概述

本零件为减速器的输出齿轮轴，其功用是传递动力和改变输出轴运动方向。齿轮轴类件的工艺特点首先是它的形面特征多,在基于特征的零件信息描述中可以把它分为主特征：内外圆柱面、圆锥面、齿轮表面等；辅助特征：键槽、小平面、花键、螺纹等。另外，齿轮轴类件加工所使用的机床多，材料及热处理种类也较多.再者，它的工艺特征如尺寸精度、形位公差、表面质量也要求较高。在机械加工中，每一种零件都有几种加工工艺方法与之对应，根据生产规模、零件整体形状和轮廓尺寸、制造资源等，针对每一特征的加工精度、表面粗糙度及不同材料选择不同加工方法。