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屋顶花园的植物配置简介：设计屋顶花园时应注意一个问题——负荷量有限。
而屋顶花园往往比较高，所以风力也比较大，另外还有屋顶土层薄、光照时间长、昼夜温差大、湿度小、水份小，我们可以选择一些喜光，温差大，耐寒、耐热、耐旱、耐瘠，生命力旺盛的花草树木。
最好是灌木、盆景、草皮之类的植物，总之使用须根较多的树种，水平根系发达，能适应土层浅薄的要求，尽量少使用高大有主根的乔木，若要使用重大的乔大，种植位置应设计在承重柱和主墙所在的位置上，不要在屋面板上。
还应该注意的就是屋顶的种植土是采用轻质的，再加上屋顶较高，所以高大乔木的抗风能力明显的弱于地面上，因此，要采取加固措施以利于植物的正常生长。
可以使用无土栽培的草坪，带芳香和彩色的植物应用这样我们不需要出门也一样能闻到花香。
关键字：屋顶花园植物配置相关站中站：屋顶花园设计屋顶花园时应注意一个问题——负荷量有限。
而屋顶花园往往比较高，所以风力也比较大，另外还有屋顶土层薄、光照时间长、昼夜温差大、湿度小、水份小，我们可以选择一些喜光，温差大，耐寒、耐热、耐旱、耐瘠，生命力旺盛的花草树木。
最好是灌木、盆景、草皮之类的植物，总之使用须根较多的树种，水平根系发达，能适应土层浅薄的要求，尽量少使用高大有主根的乔木，若要使用重大的乔大，种植位置应设计在承重柱和主墙所在的位置上，不要在屋面板上。
还应该注意的就是屋顶的种植土是采用轻质的，再加上屋顶较高，所以高大乔木的抗风能力明显的弱于地面上，因此，要采取加固措施以利于植物的正常生长。
可以使用无土栽培的草坪，带芳香和彩色的植物应用这样我们不需要出门也一样能闻到花香。
土层厚度控制在最低限度。
一般草皮等低矮地被植物，栽培土深１６厘米左右；灌木深４０－５０厘米；乔木深７５－８０厘米。
草地与灌木之间以斜坡过度。
最后我们还应该注意屋顶的乔木较少灌木和草本花卉较多，所以我们设计时特别要做到树木花草高矮疏密错落有致、色彩搭配和谐合理。
屋顶花园规划设计屋顶花园的设计和建造要巧妙利用主体建筑物的屋顶、平台、阳台、窗台、女儿墙和墙面等开辟绿化场地，并使之有园林艺术的感染力。
屋顶花园植物配置漫谈摘要:随着社会经济的发展，屋顶花园的建设越来越成为了一种时尚的趋势。
本文就屋顶花园植物的具体配置为主体展开了一系列的分析和探讨。
关键词:屋顶花园;植物配置Abstract: with the development of social economy, the construction of the roof garden more and more become a kind of fashion trend. This paper the specific configuration roof garden plants as the main body launched a series of analysis and discussion.Key words: the roof garden; Plant configuration中图分类号：J522.3文献标识码：A 文章编号：屋顶花园植物种植需注意的问题根据植物的种类来确定植物层的厚度植物层的厚度应根据植物的种类来确定，一般草本植物应在15到30厘米之间，浅根乔木在60到90厘米之间，深根乔木在90到150厘米之间，而花卉小灌木在30到45厘米之间，大灌木在45到60厘米之间。
注重并保障屋顶花园的安全问题第一，必须重视屋顶花园中的绿化建筑的负荷量程度。
众所周知，屋顶花园的负荷量是有限的，而一般来说，建造屋顶花园绿化建筑的净负荷量应大于或等于每平方米300公斤。
第二，最大限度地保障施工问题的安全解决。
如为保证屋面防水，排水和消防等要求，植物不能直接靠近建筑立面的边缘种植，合理的做法应是先以20到50厘米的轻质物质带或砾粒带把建筑的边缘种植与绿色植物种植面隔离，然后再进行种植。
第三，做好平时的维护工作。
一要铺装保湿毡以保持植物的营养基质水份；二要装蓄好排水通水同气板，对植物根部与基质的同气状况进行改善；三要在蓄排水通气板上放置过滤膜以防止人工合成的基质颗粒随着水的流走而丧失；四要铺设轻量合理的合成营养基质并装置科学的灌溉系统。
楼顶花园的设计及绿色植物的配置空中花园从本质上讲完全是一种人造的景观，因此与陆地上的花同相比，它与所属建筑物的关系更加紧密。
就是为内部空间提供阴凉，但是如果设计得好，也可以成为外部空间设计中的一个特别元素。
水平的木材或金属立柱伸出建筑物之外，用与建筑物平行的薄片结构相连接。
整体的建造方式可以非常简洁，也可以非常华丽，这取决于建筑物的风格。
制造出一片阴凉区，同时可以让人们非常愉快地踏入花园的景观中。
屋顶花园的设计，必须充分考虑自然条件的要求，并且必须具备一定的条件，如结构坚固的要求，具有承载力和隔水、防水层以及排水设施等等。
下面主要讲一下楼顶花园的植物配置。
1.种植设计的原则①选择耐旱、抗寒性强的矮灌木和草本植物。
由于屋顶花园夏季气温高、风大、土层保湿性能差，冬季则保温性差，因而应选择耐干旱、抗寒性强的植物为主，同时，考虑到屋顶的特殊地理环境和承重的要求，应注意多选择矮小的灌木和草本植物，以利于植物的运输、栽种理。
②选择阳性、耐瘠薄的浅根性植物。
屋顶花园大部分地方为全日照直射，光照强度大，植物应尽量选用阳性植物，但在某些特定的小环境中，如花架下面或靠墙边的地方，日照时间较短，可适当选用一些半阳性的植物种类，以丰富屋顶花园的植物品种，屋顶的种植层较薄，为了防止根系对屋顶建筑结构的侵蚀，应尽量选择浅根系的植物。
因施用肥料会影响周围环境的卫生状况，故屋顶花园应尽量种植耐瘠薄的植物种类。
③选择抗风、不易倒伏、耐积水的植物种类。
在屋顶上空风力一般较地面大，特别是雨季或有台风来临时，风雨交加对植物的生存危害最大，加上屋顶种植层薄，土壤的蓄水性能差，一旦下暴雨，易造成短时积水，故应尽可能选择一些抗风、不易倒伏，同时又能耐短时积水的物。
④选择以常绿为主，冬季能露地越冬的植物。
营建屋顶花园的目的是增加城市的绿化面积，美化“第五立面”，屋顶花园的植物应尽可能以常绿为主，宜用叶形和株形秀丽的品种，为了使屋顶花园更加绚丽多彩，体现花园的季相变化，还可适当栽植一些色叶树种；另在条件许可的情况下，可布置一些盆栽的时令花卉，使花园四季有花。
园艺园林郑 娇，陈 诚，廖 雪，陈志霞*（六盘水师范学院 生物科学与技术学院，贵州 六盘水 553004）摘要：为了提高城市绿化水平、改善城市化带来的环境恶化问题，近年来屋顶花园逐渐成为研究热点。
分析屋顶花园研究热点，总结我国屋顶花园植物配置研究现状，介绍南北方屋顶花园适宜配置的植物，屋顶菜园适宜配置的蔬菜、果树及可食花卉种类，以期丰富我国屋顶花园的植物配置研究。
关键词：屋顶花园;屋顶菜园；植物配置随着时代的发展，城市人口的增加，城市可绿化面积越来越小，“屋顶花园”应运而生。
屋顶花园是指绿化位置高于水平地面、在非渗透性建筑表面上进行的植物种植，常位于高层建筑物顶层、高层平台及阳台等。
屋顶花园不仅能够增加绿化面积、改善生态环境，更能降低生活工作压力、增进城市文化底蕴，同时为人们提供休闲休憩、文娱活动、商业活动的场地。
屋顶花园的历史可追溯至公元前6世纪的古巴比伦的“空中花园”，据说空中花园采用立体造园手法，将花园放在由沥青及砖块建成平台之上。
我国关于屋顶花园最早的文献报道见于1982年，进入21世纪后研究逐渐增多。
前人研究屋顶花园重点集中在类型、功能、结构、设计、施工等方面。
有研究者采用“1+2”的维度分析框架，对于近年的屋顶花园研究报道进行分析，提出2016～2018年我国屋顶花园研究以风景园林专业为核心，涉及生态节能、应用实践等19个方面，分为屋顶花园景观设计、屋顶花园技术研究、应用实践3大研究方向。
1 屋顶花园的植物配置研究屋顶花园的植物配置主要以安全为首要前提，其次考虑实用和美观等等因素。
目前研究多集中于植物选择、植物造景、植物适应性等方面。
同时考虑地域、气候、场所、城市等特点进行综合分析，合理配置植物。
1.1 南方地区屋顶花园植物配置南方地区气候温和、气温差小、雨水充足、空气湿润，适宜栽培的植物品种较多，常用于屋顶花园的植物如表1所示。
其中，九里香，为常绿灌木或小乔木，需置于阳光充足、空气流通的地方才能枝叶繁茂、花香浓郁，有较强的观赏性，既可丛植、穴栽，也可做绿篱。
屋顶花园园林树木栽植大全在现代城市的高密度建筑群中，空中绿化作为一个异军突起的生态环境营建措施，是灰色建筑与绿色生命的艺术合璧，是人类智慧与自然生态的有机结合。
屋顶绿化、阳台绿化、垂直绿化等空中绿化形式，能丰富园林树木景观的模式构成，完善城市生态绿地建设过程中的空间连续性。
屋顶花园的生态景观效应屋顶花园可降低顶层室温4℃～6℃，减少紫外线对屋顶的伤害、延长屋顶使用寿命，还能吸收30%的粉尘、吸收并储蓄6%的雨水，对缓解城市洪涝、防风滞尘具有积极作用。
屋顶花园不但降温隔热、净化空气、改善局部小气候，减少城市热岛效应对人类的危害，改善日趋恶化的环境空间质量；而且能美化环境、丰富城市的空中景观，补偿建筑物占用的绿地面积，大大提高城市的绿化覆盖率。
对于大多数都市来说，屋顶至今还是被人们所忽视的、待开发的一块处女地，虽然每幢楼房的屋顶面积十分有限，但成千上万座高楼大厦的屋顶面积相加起来就是一个十分可观的数字；屋顶花园如能被加以利用和推广，可形成壮观的空中绿化景象，对整体城市生态系统的改善作用是不可忽视的。
屋顶花园的建造模式和构造要求屋顶花园对建筑本身的承载力和防渗透要求相对较高，一般建筑只能栽植浅根系花灌木及地被，虽在一定程度上达到了增加城市绿化覆盖率的基本效果，但在生态多样性方面太过单一；值得我们考虑的是如何建立生物多样性的绿化模式，更高效的发挥屋顶花园的生态环境调节作用和植物景观功能。
近来有人从研究城市生态系统的角度出发，对未来城市提出几种设想，其中之一是阶梯城市：即城市建筑物的楼层高矮不一，并把一幢楼房的楼顶建造成另一幢较高楼房的花园绿地；以充分利用楼顶来增加城市的绿色空间和自然魅力，达到改善城市环境、健全城市生态，促进城市社会、经济、环境协调发展的目的。
韩国环境部《建设高效率的生物栖息空间》项目之一“天空乐园”，把建设生物栖息场所的市内生态公园的概念引申到屋顶花园中，把空间分为“野生绿地”、“灌木丛”、“湿地”等，并种植了80多种植物。
【文科分享】屋顶花园植物搭配原则露台花园的植物配置到底需要遵照什么原则呢？一起来看看吧！①选择耐旱、抗寒性强的矮灌木和草本植物。
由于屋顶花园夏季气温高、风大、土层保湿性能差，冬季则保温性差，因而应选择以耐干旱、抗寒性强的植物为主，同时，考虑到屋顶的特殊地理环境和承重的要求，应注意多选择矮小的灌木和草本植物，以利于植物的运输、栽种。
②选择阳性、耐瘠薄的浅根性植物。
屋顶花园大部分地方为全日照直射，光照强度大，植物应尽量选用阳性植物，但在某些特定的小环境中，如花架下面或靠墙边的地方，日照时间较短，可适当选用一些半阳性的植物种类，以丰富屋顶花园的植物品种，屋顶的种植层较薄，为了防止根系对屋顶建筑结构的侵蚀，应尽量选择浅根系的植物。
因施用肥料会影响周围环境的卫生状况，故屋顶花园应尽量种植耐瘠薄的植物种类。
③选择抗风、不易倒伏、耐积水的植物种类。
屋顶上空的风力一般较地面更大，特别是雨季或有台风来临时，风雨交加对植物的生存危害最大，加上屋顶种植层薄，土壤的蓄水性能差，一旦下暴雨，易造成短时积水，故应尽可能选择一些抗风、不易倒伏，同时又能耐短时积水的植物种类。
④选择以常绿为主，冬季能露地越冬的植物。
营建屋顶花园的目的是增加城市的绿化面积，美化“第五立面”。
屋顶花园的植物应尽可能以常绿为主，宜用叶形和株形秀丽的品种，为了使屋顶花园更加绚丽多彩，体现花园的季相变化，还可适当栽植一些色叶树种；在条件允许的情况下，可布置一些盆栽的时令花卉，使花园四季有花。
⑤尽量选用乡土植物，适当引种绿化新品种。
乡土植物对当地的气候有高度的适应性，在环境相对恶劣的屋顶花园，选用乡土植物有事半功倍之效。
同时考虑到屋顶花园的面积一般较小，为将其布置得较为精致，可选用一些观赏价值较高的新品种，以提高屋顶花园的档次。
屋顶花园的设计，必须充分考虑自然条件的要求，并且必须具备一定的条件，如结构坚固的要求，具有承载力和隔水、防水层以及排水设施等等。
屋顶自然环境与地面、室内差异很大，高楼屋顶风大，夏季炎热而冬季又寒冷，阳光充足，易造成干旱。
屋顶花园植物选择和造景设计摘要：随着城市建设的发展，城市园林绿化形式也在不断发展，人们整体生活水平的提升，也对生态环境改善提出了更高的要求，园林绿化是改善生态环境的主要手段，而增加绿地意味着土地占用增加，而屋顶绿化可以节约用地，并可改善环境有非常好的生态效益，故近年来利用屋顶绿化来增加城市的绿化面积，在城市绿化中得到广泛应用。
关键词：屋顶花园(绿化)；植物；设计；应用一、屋顶花园绿化特点不同的屋顶花园，在绿化中都有如下几个特点：1、屋顶绿化与大地隔离，因此供屋顶绿化的土壤，不能与地下毛管水连结。
没有地下水的上升作用，屋顶种植的植物所需水分完全依靠自然降水和浇灌。
由于建筑荷重的限制，屋顶供种植的土层厚度较浅，有效土壤水的容量小，土壤易干燥。
屋顶花园种植土与大地完全隔离，无法像地表土那样通过毛细管作用吸收地下深层土壤中的水分，一旦未及时给予灌溉或通过自然降水补充水分，土壤易处于缺水状态。
另外，为了防止因长期渗透作用而造成建筑屋面结构的损坏，屋顶花园应避免使用根部会分泌酸性物质的植物。
2、由于屋顶种植土层薄，热容量小，土壤温度变化幅度大。
植物根部冬季易受冻害，夏季易受灼伤3、温湿度条件差。
因屋顶位于高处，四周相对空旷，因此风速比地面大，水分蒸发快，屋顶距地面越高，绿化条件越差。
造园及植物的选择有一定的局限性，因屋顶承重能力的限制，无法具备与地面完全一致的土壤环境，因此在设计时应避免地貌高差过大。
在植物的选择上避免使用较大乔木及不抗风的植物。
4、由于屋顶绿化种植层的土壤易失水，浇灌相对频繁，因而易造成养分流失，故需常补充肥料。
5、绿地边界规整。
屋顶形状一般为规则的几何形状，且多重复出现。
在设计时应注意协调统一又富于变化，形成韵律。
6、除了昼夜温差较大对植物营养积累有利外，屋顶栽植环境是不够理想的，屋顶距地面越高，绿化条件越差。
二、屋顶花园绿化植物选择在植物的选择和搭配上，要考虑到屋顶特定的环境，包括所在的地区大气候环境。
浅析屋顶花园植物选择与配置一、前言随着人们生活水平的提高，对生活质量的要求越来越高，植物的种植对改善城市生活起到了重要的作用，那么屋顶花园植物选择与配置方法就显得尤为重要。
二、屋顶花园的作用1、屋顶花园可以有效改善城市微气候屋顶花园中的绿色植物可以有效地吸附空气中的颗粒尘埃及有害气体，同时还可以调节城市空气的潮湿度。
而且它还可以有效降低噪声对于居民区的影响，起到了良好的降噪作用。
同时绿色植物进行光合作用时，可以吸收大量的二氧化碳，以有效防止城市“热岛效应”的产生，同时它还能对屋面的防水材料起到良好的保护作用，以延长其使用寿命。
2、改善城市空中景观在城市化进程不断推进的今天，风格各异的现代化高层建筑拔地而起。
如果能够在这些建筑的顶部设置一些造型各异的屋顶花园，城市上空所呈现出的景象将不再是单调的水泥屋面，而是一个个富有层次感及丰富色彩的现代化绿色景观。
同时高低层建筑之间的屋顶花园能够形成鲜明的层次对比，它不仅丰富了城市上空的空间层次，还能满足高层建筑内人群对于绿色生态观念的心理需求。
相关数据表明，在人们的可视范围内，当绿色面积达到25%时就能够使人的心情变得很舒畅，而屋顶花园的出现恰能够满足这种要求，它能够起到调节人们心理状态，有效改善城市人群精神面貌的作用。
3、起到良好的隔热保温作用没有绿色植物覆盖的屋顶，因在夏季受到太阳辐射的直接照射，其表面温度会远远高于外界气温的温度，颜色及所用材料不同的屋顶温度上升幅度也不尽相同，有些屋顶的温度甚至会达到80℃。
然而对于有绿色植物覆盖的屋顶而言，因叶片对于热量的阻挡以及蒸腾作用对于热量的散发，可以有效降低屋顶的表面温度，从而在炎热的夏季能够使建筑物的室内温度得到有效的控制。
如果将屋顶设置成地毯式的草坪，在墙壁上设置一定数量的攀爬植物，可以使室内温度得到有效的降低，同时能够节约大量的用电量。
相反，在冬季，这种地毯式的屋顶花园可以对屋顶起到良好的保温作用。
三、屋顶花园植物的选择1、乔木类常绿乔木有罗汉松、龙柏、女贞、杨梅、枇杷、云南山茶、番石榴、红花羊甲、广玉兰、桂花、棕榈、蒲葵、雪松、香樟等。
浅议屋顶花园的施工要点和植物配置屋顶花园的历史是已经非常悠久，但由于造价和技术上的原因在国内一直发展不是很快，这几年随着城市人口的密集度的增加，建设生态城市、绿色城市的要求的提高，能源紧张引起城市的节能形的建设要求的提出，城市绿化面积的缩小和人们追求和大自然接近的愿望的矛盾，大家的目光开始关注城市的立体绿化。
绿色屋顶花园不仅增加了视觉上的美学效果，为都市的居民在紧张的工作之余提供一个休息和消除疲劳的舒适场所，同时对于一个城市来说，它更是保护生态、调节小气候、净化空气、遮荫覆盖、降低室温的一项重要措施，也是美化城市，增添景观的一个好方法。
屋顶种植物还可以起到调节利用雨水等作用。
从社会效益来说，屋顶花园有利于减轻城市热岛效应，也是不占用土地而改善城市环境的最佳方法；对住宅来说，屋顶花园更利于顶层住宅的冬暖夏凉，提高居住的舒适度。
现在杭州市的绿化在水体绿化、陆地绿化的各方面都已经是比较成熟了，屋顶绿化在保护城市环境上的作用是不可忽视的，如果能把屋顶都利用起来进行绿化，可以有效降低城市中的二氧化碳，对下层的室温下降也很有效果，是节能型建筑的构成部分，虽然每幢楼房的屋顶面积十分有限，但成千上万座高楼大厦的面积相加起来，就是一个十分可观的数字。
在过去几年里、绿色屋面系统渐渐的受到关注。
相关的轻质屋面材料也开始有所增加，这样对于降低屋顶绿化的成本和施工的科学性提供了支持。
现以我们在杭州瑞丰商务大厦和海华广场屋顶花园的施工为例。
结合施工过程，谈点屋顶花园的施工要点和注意事项。
瑞丰商务大厦和海华广场主楼为高层商务大楼，裙楼均在主楼的北面，屋顶花园就建在大厦的裙楼顶部。
裙楼屋顶的边部还有一座2.5米高3米宽电梯井建筑。
屋顶花园的建造要考虑建筑等安全性，以及屋顶花园的小气候影响特点等。
1、屋面的处理：在杭州市园文局一九九六年《关于大力发展屋顶绿化垂直绿化的请示》后，建筑物的楼面在设计中就应考虑到屋面的防水和承重，无须重新进行加固处理。
屋顶花园植物配置（Roof garden plant configuration）屋顶花园植物配置(Roof garden plant configuration)A problem should be paid attention to when designing Roof Garden: the load is limited. Roof garden is often high, so the wind isrelatively large, in addition to the roof soil is thin, light a long time, the temperature difference between day and night, low humidity, moisture is small, we can choose some light, temperature, heat resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, barren, vigorous trees and flowers. The best is a shrub, bonsai, turf plants such as in short, use more fibrous root tree level developed root system, can meet the requirements of shallow soil, to minimize the use of big tree root, to use big Joe, planting location should be designed in the load-bearing column and the main wall position, not in the house the panel. The soil should also pay attention to is the roof is the use of light, coupled with the high roof, so the wind resistance of tall trees significantly weaker than the ground, therefore, to take measures to reinforce the normal growth of plants. You can use soilless cultivation of lawn, with fragrant and colorful plant applications, so that we do not need to go out, you can smell the flowers.Soil thickness is controlled to a minimum. General turf and other low ground plants, cultivated soil depth of about 16 cm; shrubs deep 40-50 cm; trees deep 75-80 cm. Slopes between grassland and shrubs.Finally, we should also pay attention to the roof of the less trees shrubs and herbaceous flowers more, so we design special to do the flowers and trees, well-proportioned height density color collocation is reasonable and harmonious.Roof garden planning and designThe design and construction of Roof garden to the clever use of the roof of the building, the main platform, balcony, windowsill, parapet and wall open green space, and make a garden art appeal.Restricted by the space layout of Roof garden by building natural plane and bearing structure of the building, compared with outdoor gardening, the design is complex and related to the cooperative work, coordination of architectural design, building structure, building structure and hydropower and other types of coordination is the key to success of Roof garden. Thus, the planning and design of Roof garden is a difficult and limited landscape planning and design projects.A practical, Roof garden is a Roof garden garden to measure quality, in addition to meet different applicationrequirements, green coverage rate index must be between 50% and 70%, in order to play the ecological benefits of green, environmental and economic benefits.Two, exquisite is Roof garden characteristic, Roof garden to provide people with beautiful recreational environment, so it should be better than open garden built more beautiful. Roof garden landscape configuration, plant selection should be the local boutique, and well-designed plant landscaping features. Because of the narrow space, road roundabout, location and scale on the roof of the building, visitorsline, should be more carefully, not only with the main building and the surrounding environment coordinated, but also have a unique style garden.Three. Safety is the guarantee of Roof garden. Buildings can safely bear the weight of Roof garden, such as the weight of plants, soil and other facilities. In addition, the roof waterproof should also pay attention to.Roof garden is in the process of building roof waterproof layer has been completed, garden pieces, civil engineering construction andregular planting farming operations, is easy to be damaged, the roof Water Leakage, caused great economic losses, and even social resistance become the building of Roof garden, should cause enough attention.In addition, a strong protective measure must be provided to build gardens on the roof in case the figures fall.The Roof garden can be widely understood in ancient and modern buildings, city wall, bridge (bridge), roof, balcony, roof, balcony or large artificial rockery hill landscape, planting flowers and trees. Itis the biggest difference between open space gardening and plantplanting, because Roof garden is to open the ground, gardening andplanting to move to the building. Its planting soil is synthetic soil,not connected with the natural earth soil.Roof garden is the protagonist of green plants, it can produce oxygen, purify air, adjust air temperature and humidity, so as to createa good ecological environment; gas characteristics it emits has a bactericidal effect on people's physical and mental health is very beneficial; at the same time it to the building also has heat insulation, sound insulation and noisereduction and protection of waterproof layer cover structure andother effects, known as "the life of building materials".Flowering shrubs are the main body of Roof garden, so we should tryto match the four seasons flowers. Such as: spring flowering plum,spring cuckoo, jasmine, gardenia, peach, cherry, tiegeng; summer summer Juan, Huang Juelan, Myrtle, Michelia, pomegranate; autumn Begonia, chrysanthemum, sweet scented osmanthus; winter wintersweet, camellia, camellia. Herbaceous flowers optional melon, Primula, rose, rose, Jin Zhanju, a string of red, such as poinsettia. Aquatic plants have calla, bamboo, lotus, lotus, water chestnut, water hyacinth etc..In addition to considering the Four Seasons flower collocation, but also pay attention to the choice of trees according to seasonal changes, depending on the growth conditions can choose magnolia, gardenia, big cypress, boxwood ball, Prunus cerasifera, Sophora japonica, loquat, osmanthus, bamboo and other evergreen plants; with high ornamental value, meaning the species, such as Mieba Xiumi, leaves the color red, red wood, Acer palmatum * Shi Nan; elegant elegant whirling leaves cycads; Zhu Cong Yu; product line of Gao Jie plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine etc..A plant in a very wide range of application in the Roof garden,under the bed or around the trees, shrubs, planting some edge plants have charm, but also make full use of the altar edge angle, a plant available flat leaves, ophiopogon root, Ligustrum quihoui, Yang flower, this can avoid the production of bottom and edge effect, leaving less bare soil, blank.Roof garden green walls usually use has tendrils, adsorption, winding, climbing plants, the rapid growth in a variety of vertical walls, bostonivy, wisteria, ivy, pyrostegiaignea, peak and creeping plants such as Mao Wei cheap, there are some ornamental, can be used as the first choice. Other flowers and plants can also be used to hang the wall. Such as wisteria, grape, Xue Li, vine rose, honeysuckle, Radix Aucklandiae,pyrostegiaignea, crabapple, Akebia, Petunia, or kite dill, vegetables and fruits such as grapes, vegetables, pumpkin, gourd, chayote etc..Lawns and ferns are among the most widely used cover plants in Roof garden. Such as dwarf cypress and cactus, such as a variety of turf grass, grass, high wool velvet reineckea, ophiopogon root, orchids, horses, beautiful tassel, sun flower, gold, Wedelia, Lantana, red grass, bamboo, plum pearl tail hanging. In addition, many good varieties of perennial plants are covered, such as red flowers, small Tang Burnet, Pachysandra and Shi Zhu. If clever collocation, reasonable organization, can create bright and lively floor space.Hedge plant background or boundary planting area attractions edge, the fountain often cultivated plants. Its presence allows the planting areas to be organized in a safe environment and can be used as a foilfor independent attractions. But gardening or management must not make hedge plants dominate. Common hedge plants are small, privet, split, Bai Yuan, Du Song, blackberry, Sorbaria boxwood, boxwood Buxus, hibiscus and holly.In the green roof design, but also preferred mulberry, acacia, Magnolia, figs, palms, Euonymus japonicus, oleander, hibiscus, jasmine, rose, guava, Pittosporum, osmanthus and other varieties of anti pollution ability strong.The thickness of the planting layer in Roof garden is generally determined by the type of plant. Herbs 15~30 cm, flowers, shrubs, 30~45 cm, large shrubs, 45~60 cm, shallowly rooted trees, 60~90 cm, deep root trees, 90~150 cm. The above thickness can only meet the minimum soil condition required for the survival and breeding period, so the thickness of the planting layer shall be greater than the minimum.Waterproof design and construction of the Roof Garden: to analyzethe causes of Roof garden Water Leakage, waterproof construction points and construction combined with the engineering practice of Roof garden with attention, and the waterproof material selection and construction technology to draw some feasible opinions.Key words: Roof garden; waterproof; design; constructionRoof garden is not only the cooling and heat insulation effect is good, and can beautify the environment, clean air, improve the local climate, but also a rich city overlooking the landscape, can compensate the building occupied the green ground, greatly improve the city green coverage rate, is a worth popularizing roof form. The success or failure of waterproof treatment directly affects the use of Roof garden and the safety of the building. Once it is found leaking, it must be partially or completely reworked. Therefore, the treatment of waterproof layer is the key technology of Roof garden, and it is also the most concerned issue.1 causes analysis of water leakageBoth the original design and construction of the Roof garden, or in the housing has been built on the flat roof on the building of Roof garden, in the daily use during and after the completion of the construction, the waterproof and drainage system are easy to damage the roof, causing the roof Water Leakage. The reasons are as follows:1.1, the roof waterproof layer defectsThe structure layer and the waterproof layer even to maintain the original practice, but also in the general prefabricated hollow board to do waterproof layer, or rigid waterproof layer, so it is still the inevitable leakage in the weak links and parapet gutter cornices etc.. Especially the rigid waterproof roof, the most serious problem is that the waterproof layer may crack and leak after the completion of the construction.There are many reasons for the cracks: roof expansion caused by climate change and the sun and cold; warping deformation of roof panel after the stress changes caused by the foundation settlement; the roof or wall bearing recoil slurry shrinkage causes; roof creep or material shrinkage.1.2 when building Roof garden, it destroyed the original waterproof layerThe roof does not build Roof garden, it may leak, and in a more prone to leakage of roof waterproof layer on a number of garden construction, which is more likely to cause damage to the roof waterproof layer and lead to leakage. Even if no holes are punched or buried, the iron roof will be damaged if not carefully constructed, and the roof waterproof and drainage structure will be damaged. Planting sometimes destroys the waterproof layer, for example, the shovel usedfor filling may damage the waterproof layer.1.3 Roof garden, more waterThe watering of plants, water pools, fountains and other waterbodies is very frequent, which adds water to the roof. The roof of the building drainage system in general, are not considered for the construction of Roof garden plant required osmotic water and water drainage engineering problems, especially irrigation water and sewage pools contain plant roots and leaves and mud and other debris, will make the water outlet and pipeline blockage, resulting in roof water and Water Leakage.No matter what the causes of water leakage, people tend to blame Roof garden, which has caused social resistance for the promotion of Roof garden. Therefore, the planning, design and construction units and the use of units should have sufficient knowledge, and jointly deal with the waterproof problem of Roof garden.2 construction points and matters needing attention2.1 do waterproof test and ensure good drainage systemConstruction of the Roof garden must be carried out two timeswaterproof treatment. First of all, to check the original waterproof performance: closed water outlet, and then irrigation, 96h (4 days, 4 nights) strict closed water test. Closed water test, we should carefully observe the leakage of houses, and some houses continuous water closed for 3 days without leakage, fourth days began to leak, if you can ensure that 96h does not leak, indicating that the roof waterproof effect is better. This waterproof effect is only suitable for non Roof garden. Waterproof layer is the key technology to ensure the roof does not leak, but roof waterproof and drainage is one of the two aspects of the problem, so we must also deal with the roof drainage system. In the roof garden project, the planting pond, pond and road site should be designed according to the original roof drainage system, and should not block, isolate or change the original drainage and slope. Especially the drainage pipe under the drainage layer of the large planting pool should cooperate with the roof drain, and pay attention to the relativeelevation difference, so that the excess irrigation and irrigation inthe planting pool can be discharged smoothly.2.2 do not damage the original waterproof layerThe implementation of the two water treatment, the overheadinsulation layer is best to take off the roof, the heat insulation layer, the waterproof layer shall not pry the wound. Clean and rinse after removal to increase adhesion. In general, no holes, pipes and pre buried iron and buried pillars are allowed to be worn on the roof waterproof layer that has been built. Therefore, when the Roof garden is built on the roof of a newly-built house, the garden design department should provide the structural design unit with the construction drawings of the building concerned,In order to achieve the construction of Roof garden technical requirements. If it is built in the old Roof garden building, both the roof waterproof layer which is not on the roof, and then piercing punch, buried iron and pillar. Even if the general equipment does not take root on the roof, other measures can only be taken to make them "float" onthe roof.2.3 pay attention to the construction quality of waterproof layerAt present, Roof garden's waterproof treatment methods are mainlyrigid and flexible, each with its own characteristics. Because the vermiculite cultivation has the very good conservation function to the roof, at this time the roof waterproof is best to use the rigid waterproof. Should first do coating waterproof layer, and then do rigidwaterproof layer, and its practices can refer to the standard design of the structural details. Rigid waterproof layer is mainly in the roof slab paved 50mm thick fine stone concrete, placed in the phi 4 @ 200 bidirectional reinforced net 1 layer (this approach is built into the whole layer), used in concrete adding some micro expansion agent, water reducing agent, waterproofing agent, to improve the crack resistance and impermeability. The waterproof layer is hard to prevent the roots of trees and shrubs to penetrate, to protect the roof, and the roof has better integrity, not easy to crack, long service life, more suitablefor the construction of Roof garden than the flexible waterproof layer. The roof should be set around the brick wall,the wall is arranged on the lower part of sink hole and gutter. When the planting roof is a flexible waterproof layer, the upper part should also set up the 1 layers of rigid protective layer, that is to say, the roof can use one or more (composite) waterproofing, but the above should be a rigid waterproof layer, waterproof layer of roof flashing height should be higher than the overflow 100mm.The rigid waterproof layer is prone to irregular cracks due to the thermal expansion and cold contraction of the roof and the deformation and deformation of the structural floor, which results in the failure of the rigid roof waterproofing. In order to solve this problem, besides the steel wire or fine steel net in the fine stone concrete with 30 ~50mm thickness, the floating layer and the slit can be used to solve the problem. The so-called "floating layer", that is, isolation layer, therigid waterproof layer and structural layer to adapt to the deformation of the activities. The construction method is to place 1 layers of dry felt or waste paper on the floor leveling layer to form a separation layer, and then make a rigid waterproof layer. Can also use the insulation layer on the floor or sand, ash and other loose material to form a separation layer, and then make rigid waterproof layer. The partition joint of the rigid waterproof layer is determined according to the temperature expansion and structure and the deformation of the beam and slab. The width of the joint is reserved according to a certain section, so as to facilitate the expansion and expansion, the grout is filled in the 20mm. Note: due to the separation of rigid waterproof layer seam construction quality is often not easy to guarantee, in addition to the parapet flashing place should strictly according to the requirementsof good separation gap, the rest of the roof can not be providedwith a dividing joint. The roof rigid waterproof layer is best to be poured and rammed at once, so as not to leak. The surface of waterproof layer must be smooth and smooth. After construction, brush 2 waterproof paint to ensure the design and construction quality of waterproof layer. We must pay special attention to the waterproof layer anti-corrosion treatment, lattice waterproof layer seam used "a cloth sewing, and the four with good performance of corrosion resistant caulking factis. Should not be planted roots developed, and have a strong erosion of the water layer of plants, such as pine, cypress, banyan and so on.Two4 pay attention to material quality and node structureShould choose high temperature not flow, low temperature is notcrisp crack, not aging, waterproof effect of waterproof material. Rigid multilayer plastering cement mortar waterproof layer should be not less than the original grade 325# ordinary portland cement or cement, slag Portland cement can be used; the sand particle size 1 ~ 3mm sand, sand, rough, hard for clean; with cement slurry and cement mortar ratio according to water requirements of raw materials, performance and construction method of determining, construction must be strictly grasp. At present, some buildings also use flexible waterproof layer, Roof garden often has "three felt four oil" or "two felt three oil", and then combined with PVC clay or polyvinyl chloride paint processing. In recent years, some new waterproof materials have also begun to be put into use. It has been putinto the construction of roof with three yuan ethylene propylene waterproofing membrane, and the result is good. Abroad, there are also attempts to use hollow foam products as a good drainage layer and filler between the green soil and the roof to reduce the weight. Useful recycled rubber base, plus asphalt waterproof coating, paste thick 3mm glass fiber cloth as waterproof layer, so that more conducive to rapid construction. Also an insulator layer is arranged between the waterproof layer and slate (as a buffer), can prevent the vibration spread up, and waterproof, heat insulation, can also be used PUK waterproofpolyurethane coating on the roof greening floor location, prevention Water Leakage.The roof waterproof layer either forms and materials, waterproof and drainage system constitutes the entire roof, pipes, all the needed flue, drain holes, embedded iron pillar and roof facilities shall properly handle the node structure in roof waterproof layer, and pay special attention to is connected with the soil and the gutter flow termination part. The integral rigid waterproof layer often fails to prevent the whole roof from failure because of the improper disposal of these small structural joints. In addition, according to the conventional arrangement of vertical and horizontal slit, the structure is complex and easy to leak. When installing waterproof board, when the width of a waterproof board is not enough, a few pieces should be placed side by side, it should be noted that the joint between the board and the board should be completely sticky with adhesive. Otherwise, even a small gap will affect the waterproof effect. The air and water often present at the gap will also provide the conditions for plant root growth. The growth of the root will gradually increase andthe water leakage will eventually occur. Similarly, the gap between the slate and the waterproof board also provides the potential for the production of roots.The construction method is better with the thermal coating effect, and the hot coating material can be permeable to the gap after heating. The roof weak part, such as the surrounding air around the channels,parapet, should strengthen treatment. Especially around the parapet, the waterproof layer should be extended to the wall over tens of centimeters over the upper bed position, will otherwise easily so leakage. Waterproof layer thickness, number of layers should be in strict accordance with relevant state regulations, specifications, construction, at least should be "a cloth two oil", that is, two layers of thermal coating of oil material, the middle layer as "tendons" waterproof cloth. After the completion of water treatment should be based on high grade cement mortar, waterproof protection layer. Should be avoided in wet conditions, construction, roofing is wet, it is not suitable for construction. Waterproof layer should be maintained in good time, water storage shall not be allowed to water.Roof garden's landscape works and building blocks can only be constructed after confirming that the roof waterproof works are intact and undamaged.3 engineering examplesIn view of the problem of roof leakage, the concept of "ecological planting roof compound drainage respiratory system" has been put forward. The use of advanced ecologicalroof waterproof ventilating water technology, to conform to thenature of the roof waterproof long-term goal, the central idea is the "guide", compete with nature, but through the ecological cycle of water, moisture, air guide and vegetation, water saturation and insulationlayer to solve the problem and the temperature difference between insideand outside pressure. To achieve multiple objectives of water insulation, waterproof and beautify the environment. The application of the systemis illustrated in detail through a building, Roof garden.The system is developed on the basis of the original waterproof design, as shown in Figure 1, not only to overcome the shortage of waterproofing membrane, but also to use the planting layer of insulation and thermal insulation characteristics. The mechanism is soil layer,soil layer is the drainage layer of vegetation, and the water absorption, heat insulation and protection of the house to find the slope layer or the basic. Plants absorb indoor carbon dioxide emissions, exhaled oxygen, and the effect of soil moisture absorption layer. Because vegetation absorbs heat from solar radiation and transforms it into biochemical energy by photosynthesis, it changes the form of energy. In addition,the surface heat of reflection is small, long wave radiation is small, and winter has good thermal insulation performance, so the vegetation also has good thermal performance. Through the exhaust, can be indoor humidity and turbid air to outdoor air emissions from warmer air and carbon dioxide and conducive to vegetation growth, outdoor fresh air at the same time from the catheter into the interior, thus promoting air flow, reduce indoor air pressure, reduce or even no formation of condensed water accumulation phenomenon. The rainwater filtered by the filter layer of the roof can berapidly discharged through the drainage system with a crisscross leveling layer, and the water is not formed in the roof, so the waterdoes not leak downward. The roof water tank is communicated with a plurality of branch pipes arranged in the partition, soil layer, the use of water-saving irrigation in summer, drought and vegetation layer to replenish water, conducive to vegetation growth, vegetation growth but also conducive to the summer heat, reduce the room temperature, so the formation of a large ecological circulation system.4, experience and summary(1) the concept of building waterproof should be changed. First of all, we should improve our understanding of the importance of waterproofing technology. At present, the construction technology and decoration standards are constantly improving, while the domestic building waterproof standards have declined. In the past, the roof waterproof project cost about 5% to 10% of the project cost, but in recent years it dropped to about 2%. The concept of building waterproof in foreign countries has been changing, not only considering the one-time cost, but considering the cost and the use of waterproof project, and more emphasis on the use of functional improvement.(2) pay attention to the matching, coordination and optimization between waterproof design and construction technology, waterproof material and structure, base and construction time and environment, so as to obtain the best waterproof effect. Therefore, in the construction of the roof waterproof layer of Roof garden related facilities, should be in the roof construction structure construction plan to express, and have definite waterproof construction practices.(3) reasonable material selection is the key to achieve comprehensive effect of technology and economy.The main principle is based on the importance of the selection ofthe building structure, geographical location, climatic conditions, waterproof grade, waterproof layer, waterproof structure and detail structure; according to the selection of waterproof material features of local climate; according to the performance of waterproof material, waterproof grade requirements, determine the thickness of the waterproof layer. Waterproof material is now a wide variety, product quality varies greatly. Designers should fully understand the performance of these waterproof materials, and correctly select high quality waterproof materials to form a waterproof layer which is both economical and reasonable and can give full play to waterproof effects. The roof of large projects, especially the roof of high buildings, should be made of high-grade or middle and high grade waterproof materials, so that it can be adapted to the class and standard of the building. According to reports, the development of building insulation waterproof materials science research institute and other units of the Chinese JC series roof, is a kind of waste rubber modified asphalt as waterproof material waterproof layer, absorbing rubber elastic, wide temperature and asphalt has advantages of high adhesion, water resistance, and overcomes the defects of hot asphalt drip cold crisp and other shortcomings, has good permeability, strong adhesion, anti-aging and so on, and low cost,lighter weight, more suitable for the waterproof layer to do the Roof garden.Waterproof is the core of Roof garden's safety work. Waterproof engineering quality and design, construction and materials are closely related to three aspects. Material based, design as premise, construction as the key. In order to do a good job in Roof garden waterproof project, we must choose reliable quality waterproof material, make reasonable structure, and good construction quality。
