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if引导的非真实条件句If引导的条件句是英语中常用的句型之一，用于表达假设、虚拟情况或不可能实现的条件。
在非真实条件句中，我们可以使用不同的时态和语气来表示不同的意思。
接下来，本文将详细介绍If引导的非真实条件句的用法和相关细节。
一、表示无法实现的条件1. 虚拟语气（与现在事实相反）如果现在条件与事实相反，我们可以使用虚拟语气来表达。
在这种情况下，如果引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词使用过去式形式，主句中的动词应该使用would/could/might + 动词原形。
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我就会在天空中飞翔。
）If she had more time, she could finish the project.（如果她有更多时间，她就能完成这个项目。
）2. 过去完成时（与过去事实相反）当条件与过去事实相反时，我们可以使用过去完成时来表达。
在这种情况下，If引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词使用过去完成时形式，主句中的动词应该使用would/could/might + have + 过去分词。
例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学得更努力，我就会通过考试。
）If they had arrived earlier, we could have watched the sunset.（如果他们早点到达，我们就可以欣赏到日落。
）二、表示可能实现的条件1. 一般现在时（与现在事实相符）如果条件与现在事实相符，我们可以使用一般现在时来表达。
在这种情况下，If引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时形式，主句中的动词通常使用will/shall/can/may/must等情态动词。
例如：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就会呆在家里。
英语虚拟语气练习题及答案解析1.The judge ordered that the thief _____ punished.A. would beB. should beC. were to beD. must be答案：B解析：译文：法官命令惩罚这个小偷。
本题考查should do虚拟。
表命令、建议等词，后面的从句谓语要用should do，should可以省略，故选B。
2.If the United States had not entered the Second World War, probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14% _____ still further.A. would riseB. would risenC. would have risenD. had risen答案：C解析：译文：如果美国没有加入二战，可能1940年的失业率会进一步上升。
本题考查if引导的非真实条件句。
根据had not entered可知句子对过去虚拟，主句要用would/should/might/could+ have done，故选C。
3.I wish I _____ you yesterday.A. sawB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see答案：C解析：译文：我多希望我昨天能见到你。
本题考查虚拟语气。
Wish后面的句子要用虚拟语气，对过去虚拟用had done，对现在虚拟用did/were，对将来虚拟用would do/could do。
根据yesterday可知对过去虚拟，故选C。
4.Without electricity, human being life _____ quite different today.A. wouldB. will beC. would have beenD. would be答案：D解析：译文：没有电的话，人类如今的生活会大不一样。
1.I am sure that Huston Rockets ___ the game, if Yao Ming’s knee had not been hurt.A. would winB. might have wonC. will win D, could win2.____ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money.A. Jack has knownB. If Jack knownC. Should Jack knowD. Had Jack known4. Given more time and money, he ___ better than what it is.A. didB. had doneC. could have doneD. would do5. Without your encouragement and support, we ___ .A. should not succeededB. would not succeededC. would have succeededD. would not have succeeded6. The same thing, happening in war time, ____ great disaster.A. will amount toB. amounted toC. would have amounted toD. would amount to7. If I ___ the job, I would do it in a different way.A. would doB. doC. shall doD. were to do8. He ___ ten lectures on American history, but he.only gave two because of his illness.A. had givenB. gaveC. should have givenD. must have given9. Any man in his position ___ like that.A. have doneB. would have doneC. would be doneD. would be doing10. Five minutes earlier, I ___ the flight.A. have caughtB. had caughtC. could have caughtD. were to catch11. Our director was absent. Otherwise, I ___ the chair.A. would not takeB. didn’t takeC. hadn’t takenD. wouldn’t have taken12. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ able to advise you much better than Ican.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were13. __ you __ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer (经销商) for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had14. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ___ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get15. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been。
if 引导的非真实条件句的三种形式：If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 我要是鸟，就飞过去看你。
If I had much money, I would buy that big dictionary. 要是我有很多钱，我就买那本字典。
If I did this, he might be very angry. 要是我做了这件事，他可能会生气的。
If he were free tomorrow, he would go camping with us. 要是他明天有时间，他就和我们一起去野营了。
If you tried harder next time, you would make it to the top of the hill. 要是你下次再努把力的花，就能到达山顶了。
注意：对将来情况的虚拟，从句有时还可以用if +should+动词原形和if +were to + 动词原形两种形式，前者有 “可能性很小”、“万一”的含义，后者有“不可能”的含义。
如：If you should fail , what would you do ? 假如你失败的话，你会怎样？If he should be sick, he would send for a doctor. 如果他生了病，他会让人请医生的。
If he were to resign, we should bevery happy! 要是他辞了职，我们该多高兴啊！If you had constantly done physical training, you wouldn ’t have been so weak. 如果你一直锻炼身体的话，你的身体就不会这么虚弱了。
If the night had not been pitch-dark, we shouldn ’t have lost our way. 要不是天漆黑，我们是不会迷路的。
if 条件句虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊语气，用来表示与事实相反或假设的情况。
在if条件句中，虚拟语气通常用来表达非真实的、假设的情况。
本文将列举10个以if条件句虚拟语气为主题的例子，并对其进行详细解释。
1. If I were rich, I would travel around the world.如果我很富有，我会环游世界。
解释：这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对现实情况的假设，暗示说我并不富有，因此无法实现环游世界的愿望。
2. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.如果我学得更努力，我就能通过考试了。
解释：这个句子中的虚拟语气表示对过去情况的假设，暗示说我没有努力学习，所以没有通过考试。
3. If I had a time machine, I would go back to the past and change some things.如果我有一台时间机器，我会回到过去改变一些事情。
解释：这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对现实情况的假设，暗示说我没有时间机器，因此无法改变过去的事情。
4. If I were the president, I would make education free for all.如果我是总统，我会让教育对所有人免费。
解释：这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对现实情况的假设，暗示说我并不是总统，所以无法实现让教育免费的目标。
5. If it didn't rain tomorrow, we could go hiking.如果明天不下雨，我们可以去远足。
解释：这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对未来情况的假设，暗示说明天可能会下雨，所以无法去远足。
6. If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared a meal for you.如果我知道你要来，我会为你准备一顿饭。
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。
.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。
真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形①与现在事实相反If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。
(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。
)If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。
(事实上我不可能是你。
)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类：1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。
例如：⑴、If I have tim e , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
）2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。
例如：⑴、If I were you , I w ould have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。
）2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
英语虚拟语气练习题及答案解析1.I did not see your sister at the meeting.If she_____,she would have met my brother.A.has comeB.did comeeD.had come答案：D解析：译文：我在会上没有看到你姐姐，如果她来了的话，就能遇到我哥哥了。
本题考查if 引导的非真实条件句。
根据主句的would have met可知，句子对过去虚拟，从句要用had done。
故选D。
2.It is time we_____to pay more attention to the indoor air we breathe.A.startB.startedC.are startingD.have started答案：B解析：译文：我们是时候开始关注一下我们呼吸的室内空气了。
本题考查虚拟语气的固定句型。
It is time后面的从句谓语用一般过去时，故选B。
3.If I_____the answer,I would have let you know about it.A.knewB.had knownC.would knowD.would have known答案：B解析：译文：如果我知道答案的话，我会让你知道的。
本题考查虚拟语气。
在if引导的非真实条件句中，主句用了would have done，说明对过去虚拟，则从句用had done，故选B。
4.If we hadn’t got a lift,we_____the top flat so soon.(2010.75)A.would not reachB.cannot reachC.could not have reachedD.will not reach答案：C解析：译文：如果没有电梯的话，我们就无法很快到达顶层了。
本题考查虚拟语气。
If引导的非真实条件句中，从句用了had done，说明对过去虚拟，那么主句要用would/should/could/might+have done表达。
虚拟语气-if引导的非真实条件句
1. 真是条件句和非真实条件句
一般而言，虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中是考生们最常见、最常考到的虚拟语气语法点。
此种虚拟语气形式也就本课件特定讲解的“if引导的非真实条件句之虚拟语气”。
再讨论此类虚拟语气之前，有必要说明一点：并非所有包含“if引导的非真实条件”从句的句子都是虚拟语气句子。
在英语中，虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
因此要判断类似句子是不是虚拟语气，通常的标准是：假设条件不符合客观事实或者实现的可能性极其微小的，通常就是虚拟语气；反之则不是。
请理解区别以下句子：
(1)If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。
( 真
实)
(2)If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。
（非真实，
虚拟语气）
2. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
1) if假设的条件与现在事实相反或不可能发生。
则条件状语从句用一般过去时（任何be动词的原来形式一律改用were），主句用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。
请理解以下句子：
(1) If I were you, I would work hard.
(2) If we had time, we could play the game again.
2) if假设的条件与过去事实相反或不可能发生。
则条件状语从句用“had+过去分词主句”，主句用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词”。
请理解以下句子：
(1) If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.
(2) If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you.
3) if假设的条件与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①
一般过去时,②“should +动词原形”,③“were to+动词原形”；主句：“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。
其中①的情况包括一些在条件状语从句中用一般时表示将来时的特殊动词和动词词组，如“go，arrive，come，leave，start，stay，return, play, do, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet，there be”等，请随带记忆。
请理解以下句子：
（1）If there were rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.
（2）If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
（3）If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
P.S省略if的虚拟语气
如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if，并在从句中采用倒装语序。
请理解一下句子。
（1）If she were here, she would agree with us.→Were she here, she would agree with us.
（2）If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?
（3）If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.
3. 总结
以上3大类情况属于if引导的非真实条件句的虚拟语气的常见基本形式，但其所有形式绝不仅限于此。
如：
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 这显然是假设条件与过去相反，而主句表达现在情况的混合虚拟语气句，并且没有任何语法错误。
因此需要说明的是，要学好虚拟语气，对句意的理解才是根本。
