2018初中英语语法之宾语从句讲解
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宾语从句一、宾语:动作的承受者,一般置于及物动词之后(动宾结构);或不及物动词之后(介宾结构)比如:I know you.二、宾语从句定义:在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫做宾语从句。
由“引导词+主语+谓语...”构成,引导词在从句中作主语除外。
I know that you are a good student.三、宾语从句结构:主+谓+引导词+句子。
宾语从句考点:(1)引导词(2)语序(3)时态一、宾语从句的引导词1.由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句(陈述句)that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,只在宾语从句中起连接作用,在口语当中往往省略。
常放在think,hope,know,say,believe,suggest,be sure 等之后。
I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.I think (that) he is the best actor in America.2.由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if / whether 引导宾语从句,表示“是否”常放在ask,wonder,be not sure等之后。
I want to know if/whether she is right .Mary asked me if/whether I needed any help .【注意】只用whether,不用if 的情况:(1)宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether;Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.(2)在介词后时,只能用whether;His father is worried about whether he gets on well with his classmates.(3)与or或者or not连用时,只能用whether;I wonder whether or not the news is true.(4)后接动词不定式时,用whether;I can't decide whether to stay.口诀:前有介词狼,后有to do虎,句末or not, 只能用whether.牛刀小试:用whether 或if 填空①I wonder ______________ he will come to my party tomorrow.②I asked _______________ he had been there or not.③I am curious about _________or not she is the winner.④His father is worried about ____________he lost his job.⑤__________ he will come is still unknown.⑥I am not sure _________ to go out tonight.参考答案:①if/whether ②whether ③whether ④whether ⑤whether ⑥whether3.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句,不可省略。
一,宾语从句宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词、非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)的宾语。
在初中英语中,宾语从句主要从以下几个方面来把握:(一),引导词:引导宾语从句的关联词1,that:由陈述句作宾语从句时,由从属连词that引导,that本身无义,在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。
如:I am sure (that) she has passed the exam. She said (that) she would come.2,if/whether: 由一般疑问句作宾语从句时,由从属连词whether或if引导,意为“是否”。
如果强调“究竟是…还是不…”,可在whether后加not。
如:I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not Can you tell me if/whether you can come here tomorrow? I’ll wait to see whether your words are true or not.3,特殊疑问词:由特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,由原来的特殊疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which和特殊疑问副词when,where,why,how引导。
如,He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.I don’t know what is he.The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.(二),语序:宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。
即“主语+谓语+…如,Do you know when the next train will leave ?I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.Please tell me when you were born.(三),时态:宾语从句的时态与主句时态相呼应。
初中英语语法复习讲义之宾语从句宾语从句是英语中一类常见的从句类型,通常用来表达动作的承受者或对象。
宾语从句通常由连词that、whether、or、who、whom、which等引导,在句中充当宾语的角色。
宾语从句的语法结构为“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。
其中,引导词可以是that、whether、or、who、whom、which等,主语通常为从句的主语,谓语则用来表示动作或状态。
其他成分包括定语、状语等,用来进一步修饰宾语从句。
宾语从句的常用引导词包括以下几种:that: 用于引导限定性或非限定性宾语从句,常用于引导陈述句或疑问句。
例如,That he is a good teacher is true.(他是个好老师是真的。
)/Do you think that he is a good teacher?(你认为他是个好老师吗?)whether: 用于引导条件状语从句或是否疑问句。
例如,Whether I will go to the party or not depends on you.(我是否去聚会取决于你。
)/Do you think whether he will come to the party tonight?(你认为他今晚是否会来聚会吗?)or: 用于引导选择状语从句或并列从句。
例如,I don't know whether to go to work or play basketball today.(我今天是去上班还是打篮球我不知道。
)/Do you want to go to the movie or stay at home?(你想看电影还是待在家里?)who/whom: 用于引导定语从句,通常修饰名词。
例如,Who/Whom did you meet yesterday?(你昨天遇见了谁?)/The person who/Whom I met yesterday was very tall.(我昨天遇见的那个人非常高。
宾语从句用法及其例句宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句用法时态:1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
一、宾语从句的连接词(1)从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句.He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.(2)连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokiacell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?(3)连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.动宾重点,介宾掌握,形宾了解二、动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.(2)部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?(3)动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before youturn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it 做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decisionabout this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is inneutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.三、介词的宾语从句(1)用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship wassent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.(2)用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used towork with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.四、形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句,常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wond er,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2018初中英语语法之宾语从句讲解
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+)句式。
根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
1)连接词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语。
常见的连接词有:who,what,which等。
如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children dont know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?
2)连接词+名词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语的定语。
常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。
如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3)连接词+主语+谓语。
连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。
常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how
much,when,why,how,where,if/whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。
如:
He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。
连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。
常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。
如:
Do you know which class he is in?你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2.连接词
1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为是否。
如:
I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。
如:
Let me know whether/if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。
I dont know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I dont know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。
如:
Im interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。
如:
He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I dont know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whether this is true or not,I cant say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。
如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:
a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。
3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。
如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?
3.时态
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:
1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词
可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。
如:
I dont know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
如:
①The children didnt know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。
如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4.注意:
if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。
if和when引导宾语从句时,分别意为是否和何时,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为如果,假如和当时候,当主句时态是一般
将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。
它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。
如:
Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?
Sorry,I dont know.When he comes back,Ill tell you.对不起,不知道。
当他回来了,我将告诉你。
I dont know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。
He will come if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨,他会来的。