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Lecture 3 Kinds of ParagraphObjectivesTo learn different types of paragraphs and their features.Introduction of different types of paragraphsDefinition paragraph When you are writing a definition paragraph, you take a term or an idea and write about what it is. Often, definitions are combined with classification or other forms of organization. You need to give a careful definition of the key term before going on to discuss different types or examples.Example question: Write a paragraph defining energy resources and discuss the different types.Sequence paragraph In a sequence paragraph, you are writing to describe a series of events or a process in some sort of order. Usually, this order is based on time. You organize the paragraph by writing about each step of the process in the order it occurred. Example question: Write a paragraph outlining the stages of the salmon life cycle.Classification paragraph In a classification paragraph, you separate things or ideas into specific categories and discuss each of them. You organize the paragraph by defining each classification and by giving examples of each type.Example question: Write a paragraph discussing the three types of government in Canada.Choice paragraph In a choice paragraph, you need to choose which object, idea, or action that you prefer. You organize the paragraph by describing each option and then giving your opinion.Example question: Write a paragraph choosing between A and B.Description paragraph In a description paragraph, you write about what a person, place, or thing is like. You organize the paragraph by describing different parts or aspects of the main subject.Example question: Write a paragraph describing the polar bear.Explanation paragraph In an explanation paragraph, you explain how or why something happens or has happened. You need to explain different causes and effects. You should organize the paragraph by explaining each individual cause or effect. Example question: Write a paragraph explaining why so many Europeans moved to Canada during the early nineteenth century.Compare and Contrast paragraph In a compare and contrast paragraph, you write about the similarities and differences between two or more people, places, or things. You can organize the paragraph by writing about one subject first and then comparing it with the second subject. A more effective way is to organize the paragraph by comparing each subject by category.Example: Write a paragraph comparing the weather in City A and City B.Evaluation paragraph In an evaluation paragraph, you make judgments about people, ideas, and possible actions. You make your evaluation based on certain criteria that you develop. Organize the paragraph by discussing the criteria you used to make your judgment.Example question: Write a paragraph evaluating the importance of ….Write to understand the different types of paragraphsChoose one of the topic sentences below and write a paragraph that develops it. Use transition signals to connect the supporting sentences smoothly. You may use the transition signals suggested for each topic, or you may use others not listed. Make a quick outline before you begin.1. Foreign travel is very educational.The first reasonAnother reasonIn additionConsequentlyst week, I witnessed a terrible accident.FirstAfter thatNextFinally3.Being an identical twin can be a lot of fun.For exampleFurthermoreAs a resultIn conclusion4.Some people enjoy solitude.As an exampleMoreoverOn the other handThereforeSuggested limits:Outlining Time-3minutesWriting Time-10minutesChecking Time-2minutesTotal-15minutesNow you are going to write a paragraph on a topic chosen from below within 30 minutes. Topic Suggestions1. Arranged marriages.2. Uncontrolled population growth.3. Computers, calculators, or machines in general.4. Left-handed people.5. The advantages of having a college education.6. Owning a car.Lecture 4 Explanation Paragraph or Cause-effect Paragraph ObjectivesTo learn what an explanation paragraph isTo learn to write an explanation paragraph effectivelyWriting instructionIn an explanation paragraph, you need to explain how or why something happens. Very often in social studies class, you will be asked to explore causes and effects of certain events. Example: Write a paragraph explaining why so many Europeans moved to Canada during the nineteenth century.The following words can help you to write a good explanation paragraph:Helper Words:CausebecauseExample: People moved to Canada from Europe during the nineteenth century because they had poor living conditions in Europe.sinceExample: Since living conditions in Europe were terrible, many people moved to Canada.as a result ofExample: People moved to Canada from Europe as a result of poor living conditions in Europe.is due to / was due toExample: The large influx of people to Canada was due to economic pressures in Europe.EffectthereforeExample: Living conditions in Europe were terrible. Therefore, many people moved to Canada for a better life.thusExample: Living conditions in Europe were terrible. Thus, many people moved to Canada for a better life.consequentlyExample: Living conditions were terrible in Europe. Consequently, many people moved to Canada.henceExample: Living conditions were terrible in Europe. Hence, many people moved to Canada.it follows thatExample: Living conditions were terrible in Europe. It follows that many people moved to Canada.if ... thenExample: If living conditions were better in Europe, then fewer people would have moved to Canada.Sample to be studiedGirls don't do as well in math and science as boys. There are several reasons for this.The first and most important reason is that they aren't encouraged to play with toys that build up interest in math and science problems and that build skills for problem solving or understanding how things work. Girls are encouraged to play with toys that foster language and human relations skills. As a result, they can grow up not knowing how an engine works or how to build a model from directions. Second, studies have shown that teachers don't expect girls to be good at math. Even female math and science teachers pay more attention to boys in class and call on boys more often. Because teachers don't expect girls to excel, they don't try very hard, and soon girls are far behind boys in these studies.Finally, girls don't have many role models to look up to. Not very many math and science teachers are women, especially in the later grades. When the media picture mathematicians and scientists, they usually picture men. As a result, girls aren't inspired to choose these fields as careers. In summary, several factors work together in the home, in schools, and in the society at large to send a subtle message to girls.Girls almost always get the message; as a result, few girls excel in math and sciences.ExercisesIn (a), (b) and (c), below, there is one sentence that contains a cause. Write one or two sentences that describe effects that result from each cause. Here is an example.CAUSE: Nitrogen oxide from car exhaust causes problems.EFFECTS: One effect is that air pollution is produced by car exhaust. Car exhaust results in acid rain, as well.(a)CAUSE: Not eating a balanced diet results in bad effects.EFFECTS:_____(b)CAUSE: Because of today's computers we can do many things.EFFECTS:_____(c) CAUSE: Trees, flowers and other plant life have positive effects.EFFECTS:_____Expressions that might be used in writing a cause-effect paragraphThere are many reasons for ...Why .... , for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...The first reason can be obviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact ...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is ...AssignmentHave you ever skipped any classes before? Do you know that many college students skip classes often? There must be some reasons behind. Would you do some interview work and write a paragraph about it?Lecture 5 Sequence ParagraphObjectivesTo learn what a sequence paragraph isTo learn to write an effective sequence paragraphWriting instructionsWhat is a sequence paragraph?In a sequence paragraph, you are writing to describe a series of events or a process in some sort of order. Usually, this order is based on time. You organize the paragraph by writing about each step of the process in the order it occurred.Example: Write a paragraph outlining how a person becomes the prime minister. Helper Words:Orderfirst, second, third, etc. in the beginning,before, after, finally, at last, subsequentlyfirst／firstly, second／secondly，furthermore，finally，above all，first and most important,to begin／start with, in the second place, moreover, to conclude, next，then, afterward lastly, in the end, eventually．TimeRecently, previously, afterwards, when, afterExerciseNow you are going to write a paragraph describing how to make a certain dish. OR you can write on any topic that involves a certain process or sequence.You are going to finish it within 25 minutes.Lecture 6 Choice Paragraph ObjectivesTo learn what a choice paragraph isTo learn to write a choice paragraph effectivelyIn a paragraph where you have to make a choice, you need to choose which object, idea, or action that you prefer. Often, you will need to give your opinion on a choice of actions or events.Writing instructionsExample: Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or lacrosse.The following words can help you to write a good choice paragraph:Helper Words:Point of Viewin my opinionExample: In my opinion, hockey is more fun than lacrosse.beliefExample: My belief is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.ideaExample: My idea is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.understandingExample: My understanding is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.I think thatExample: I think that I would prefer to play hockey and not lacrosse.I considerExample: I consider hockey to be more exciting than lacrosse.I believeExample: I believe hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.it seems to meExample: It seems to me that hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.I preferExample: I prefer hockey over lacrosse.Personal Opinionslike/dislikeExample: I like the sport of hockey because it is fast and exciting.hopeExample: I hope that I can play hockey in the future.feelExample: I feel that hockey is my favorite sport.Discuss one of the following topics and develop it into a choice paragraph.1. People should never be satisfied with what they have, they should always want something new or? something different Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Give reasons for your choice.2. Some people learn best when a classroom lesson is presented in an entertaining , enjoyable way. Other people learn best when a lesson is presented in a serious, formal way. Which of these two ways of learning do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.3. Some university students want to live in a room alone. Others prefer having roommates. Which do you like better living alone or living with roommates? Give specific examples to support your answer.4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Dissatisfaction leads to progress. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.5. Some people like to buy books to read, others like to borrow books from libraries or from other people. Compare the advantages of these two ways of reading.6. Some say that the world would be a better place now if the automobile had never been invented. Decide if you agree or disagree with this statement and give specific reasons for your decision.7. Some companies like to employ younger and enthusiastic people, other companies like to employ older and experienced people. Would you give the differences of the two types of employees.Lecture 10 General Introduction of Argumentative Essay ObjectivesTo learn how a composition is different from a paragraphTo learn how to write a composition generallyWriting instructionsThe purpose of argumentation is to convince. Argumentative essays should have a debatable point, sufficient evidence, and good and clear logic.There are two common ways for we students to use the following two types of argumentative essays:1) Presenting one’s argument立论类（阐述主题题型）TOPIC：1、阐述名言主题所蕴含的意义；2、分析或举例使其更加充实；3、我的观点和理由或经验与体会。

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袁祥恒整理 大学思辨英语精读1 Unit 4答案

袁祥恒整理 大学思辨英语精读1 Unit 4答案

Unit4Language LearningUnit overviewLanguage acquisition is one of the key issues for the study of language and it is closely related to the study of almost all aspects of language.How we acquire language seems to be a most straightforward question but actually no one can provide a definite answer to it.Exploring this question can help us better understand other issues about language.Text AIn Text A,Napoli provides two answers to the question in the title,“How do we acquire language?”.First,children acquire language step by step,gaining a certain skill in each step:recognizing the voices of their mother and other people, distinguishing the sounds of their mother tongue from other language,recognizing words,producing words,producing two-word phrases and producing sentences. However,it does not mean every individual child exactly follows this pattern.Second, language is acquired on the basis of Universal Grammar,which is exemplified by a variety of language acquisition phenomena:Children arrange words according to abstract innate linguistic principles;early utterances produced by small children have an innate structure;immigrants’children can distinguish grammatical and ungrammatical language us;while parents speak a pidgin language,children may develop a creole language,which has a coherent grammar;and children,especially twins,can develop a secret communication system conforming to UG.In conclusion, language acquisition is a natural process determined by the human biological and physiological make-up.Text BText B is focused on second language acquisition.The authors compare first language acquisition and second language acquisition.According to them,L2learners tend to have errors in pronunciation and grammar and usually cannot fully acquire the pronunciation and grammar of a second language.Though,they also share some features in common with L1learners in terms of work order.Then,the authors analyze the impact of L1on L2acquisition in terms of pronunciation,grammar and phonology.However,the difficulty in L2acquisition is caused by more factors than the interference of L1.In the end,the authors discuss the role of age in L2acquisition and challenges the Critical Period Hypothesis.The two articles focus on first language acquisition and second language acquisition respectively.After reading Text A,students can compare the differences between L1 and L2acquisition and discuss the impact of L1on L2acquisition.Teaching objectivesReading skills●Summarize the main idea of each paragraph●Identify topic sentences and key words●Identify supporting detailsCommunicative competence●Illustrate your points with appropriate examples●Use topic sentences and supporting sentences to organize your presentation/essay ●Use euphemisms for possibly impolite expressionsCritical thinking●Use different examples to support different aspects of an idea●Use observation and literature to collect first-hand and second-hand evidence●Critique a“popular”folk theory with exemplification and reasoning Intercultural competence●Be aware of the differences and similarities between English and Chineseeuphemisms●Compare the Chinese language and the English language in terms of L1and L2learning●Understand the effects of cultural differences on communication and languagelearningTeaching strategiesYou can arouse the students’interest in this topic by showing them the Nature vs. Nurture debate,which is controversial in not only language acquisition but also psychology,education,law and popular culture.There is no definite answer to this debate but every student may have his or her own answer.After learning this unit, they will get new evidence or examples to support their answer or they may simply change their view.For a detailed description of child language acquisition,you can refer to Chapter8in Towards an Understanding of Language and Linguistics(《语言学概论》)by Lan Chun.Other resources include:●A general introduction/language.html●Emphasis on nature vs.emphasis on experience/news/special_reports/linguistics/learn.jsp●Language acquisition nguage learning/inservices/language_acquisiti_vs_language_02033.phpPreparatory work(1)Language Matters:A Guide to Everyday Questions About LanguageThis activity aims to arouse students’interest in other everyday questions about language which they often take for granted.They can also learn to search for an academic monograph on the Internet.The twelve questions answered by the author in the book are:●Question1:How do we acquire language?●Question2:From one language to the next:Why is it hard to learn a secondlanguage?Why is translation so difficult?●Question3:Does language equal thought?●Question4:Are sign languages real languages?●Question5:Do animals have language?●Question6:Can computers learn language?●Question7:Whose speech is better?●Question8:Why do dialects and creoles differ from standard language?●Question9:Do men and women speak differently?And who cares?●Question10:English spelling is hard,and it makes learning to read hard.Shouldwe do anything about it?●Question11:Should the United States adopt English as our official language andoverhaul our educational system accordingly?●Question12:Does exposure to and use of offensive language harm children?The book can be found on ,which also provides the second edition of the book with15questions about language.(2)Small children learning languageThis activity provides an opportunity for students to reflect on their personal experiences of learning language and collect some real examples of language learning, which can be analyzed during the reading of Text A.Relevant cases can also be found on the Internet,for example:/s?__biz=MzA5MzUxNTQ3Nw==&mid=206097261&id x=1&sn=ff8cb7a4119c131e3773e9f7d58d2fa6#rd(3)Universal GrammarThis activity is of great importance for understanding the second part of Text A. Definition:Universal Grammar proposes that the ability to learn grammar andlanguage is hard-wired into the brain.It is shared by all human languages.Chomsky argued that the human brain contains a limited set of rules for organizing language. Key publications of Chomsky:●Syntactic Structures,London:Mouton,1957.●Current Issues in Linguistic Theory,The Hague:Mouton,1964.●Aspects of the Theory of Syntax,Cambridge:M.I.T.Press,1965.●Language and Mind,New York:Harcourt,Brace&World,1968.●Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar,The Hague:Mouton,1972.●The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory,New York:Plenum Press,1975.●Lectures on Government and Binding:The Pisa Lectures,Dordrecht,Holland:Foris Publications,1982.●Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding,Cambridge:M.I.T.Press,1982.●Language and Thought,Wakefield,RI:Moyer Bell,1993.●The Generative Enterprise Revisited:Discussions with Riny Huybregts,Henkvan Riemsdijk,Naoki Fukui,and Mihoko Zushi,with a new foreword by Noam Chomsky,Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,2004.For more information about Chomsky,please refer to the following website: /index.htm(4)Types of languageThis activity provides background information necessary for understanding different kinds of language mentioned by Napoli in Text A.Motherese/baby talk(Paragraph7):It is a nonstandard form of speech used by adults in talking to toddlers and infants.It features high pitch and special vocabulary,e.g. doggy for dog(Para.10),daddy for dad(Para.10),kitty for cat and wawa for water.A feature of baby talk in Chinese is reduplication,e.g.喝水水and吃饭饭。

大学思辨英语教程 精读1课件Unit 4 Language Learning

大学思辨英语教程 精读1课件Unit 4 Language Learning

• Compare the Chinese language and the English language in terms of L1 and L2 learning
• Understand the effects of cultural differences on communication and language learning
Critical Thinking
Reading Skills
Learning Objectives
• Reading Skills
• Summarize the main idea of each paragraph • Identify topic sentences and key words • Identify supporting details
• At various times her house and yard have been filled with dogs, cats, birds, and rabbits. For thirteen years she had a cat named Taxi, and liked to go outside and call, "Taxi!" to make the neighbors wonder.
• Communicative Competence
• Illustrate your points with appropriate examples • Use topic sentences and supporting sentences to organize
your presentation/essay • Use euphemisms for possibly impolite expressions
2022-2023学年江苏省连云港市高级中学高三(上)第二次调研英语试卷(10月份)(含答案解析)

2022-2023学年江苏省连云港市高级中学高三(上)第二次调研英语试卷(10月份)(含答案解析)

2022-2023学年江苏省连云港市高级中学高三（上）第二次调研英语试卷（10月份）第一部分听力（共两节，满分7.5分）第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．（1.5分）Why is the man calling？A.He needs more information about the apartment.B.He wants the man to give her some good advice.C.He wants to buy an apartment with three rooms.2．（1.5分）Where will Janet probably go tonight？A.To Tom's home.B.To her hometown.C.To the concert.3．（1.5分）What does the woman mean？A.Jack's performance is disappointing.B.She doesn't agree with Jack.C.Most people think basketball boring.4．（1.5分）Where are the speakers？A.At the supermarket.B.In a hotel.C.In a restaurant.5．（1.5分）What are they talking about？A.A company where the man works.B.A travel experience the man has.C.A new job the man wants to have.第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

08年12月国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷及答案

08年12月国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷及答案

全国外经贸从业人员认证考试国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷2008年12月Ⅰ．Listening: 20%（听力，20分）Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear several questions. After you hear each question, you will read the four choices and decide which one is the correct answer to the question you have heard. This section totals 10 points.（）1. A. Yesterday was fine.B. They quoted the price at ten o’clock.C. I have their price.D. I think it reasonable.（）2. A. Certainly not.B. Yes, please.C. No, the letter is not ready yet.D. Yes, I’ll be glad to.（）3. A. I’m sure for being late.B. The meeting was canceled.C. My car ran out of gas on the way.D. The manager was late this morning.（）4. A. By airmail.国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第1 页（共14页）B. To John.C. From my teacher.D. Six.（）5. A. I’d be pleased if you got there.B. I’ll give some lectures on insurance.C. I like it very much.D. It doesn’t matter.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear five English sentences. Listen carefully and translate them into Chinese. This section totals 5 points.1 _____________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________3. ___________________ _________________________________4. _______________________________ _____________________5. ______________________________ ______________________. Section CDirections:Listen to the passage and choose the best answer for each of the following questions. This section totals 5 points.（）1. Life in America is .A. cheapB. expensiveC. interestingD. full of bills（）2. Which of the following is not mentioned?A. Insurance is necessary in one’s business.B. A person may have insurance for his health.国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第2 页（共14页）C. In California, everyone is insured.D. Every car on the road must be insured in some parts of America.（）3. People pay so much money for insurance, as they don’t want .A. to waste their timeB. to lend cars to othersC. to pay the bills themselves if there are any unexpected accidents.D. their children to lose their jobs（）4. If one has a calamity and does not have insurance, he may lose everything he has .A. because of all the bills he must payB. because of carelessnessC. because of lazinessD. None of the above（）5. Which is false according to the passage?A. In California, it is a law that every car on the road must be insured.B. If everyone is insured while driving, the insurance company pays the bill fortraffic accidents.C. If one doesn’t get insurance in business, he may lose some of his profits.D. If one doesn’t get insurance in America, he will be fined.II．Reading & Comprehension: 40%（阅读与理解，40分）Section ADirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then write down the right answer in the brackets for each sentence. This section totals 10 points, one point for each sentence.（）1.There is a steady demand in Europe leather gloves high国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第3 页（共14页）quality.A. for, inB. for, ofC. at, withD. in, of（）2.We assure our clients delivery within 20 days after receipt of L/C.A. aboutB. inC. ofD. with（）3.An L/C should be established in our favor by documentary draft at sixty days’ sight.A. availableB. availingC. payingD. paid（）4.Insurance is to be _________by the buyer if transaction is concluded on FOB or CFR basis.A. takenB. coveredC. doneD. made（）5.We will pack the goods according to our usual practice if we do not hear from you __ the contrary.A. onB. toC. inD. as（）6.Shipment is to be made during March to May ___________ three equal lots.A. inB. atC. byD. on（）7. Some customers requested us to _____________ our price because they considered it too high.A. put downB. get downC. take downD. bring down （）8 .We must apologize for this error, which resulted _____________ carelessness in our packing department.A. inB. atC. fromD. for（）9 .We hereby authorize you to ___________ on us at 60 days after sight to the extent of USD20,000.00.A. openB. establishC. drawD. build（）10. ____________ we are appreciating the good quality of your black tea, we regret that your price appears to be on the high side.A. WhileB. WhenC. HoweverD. ThereforeSection BDirections: There are ten blanks in the following letter. You are required to choose the best 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第4 页（共14页）one from the given four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then write down the correct answer in the brackets. This section totals 10 points, one point for each blank.Dear SirWith 1 to Our S/C No.7904 of August 8, we 2 to say that your L/C has not reached us up to now. This has caused us much 3 as the goods have been 4 for quite some time and we have already made preparations for shipment according to the 5 of the said S/C.The demand of late has been so great that we find it hard to 6 them for you any longer. However, in 7 of our friendly business relations, we are prepared to wait for your L/C, which must reach us 8 October 5, 2006. If we again fail to receive your L/C in time, we shall 9 our S/C and ask you to refund to us the storage charges we have paid on your behalf.Your cooperation in this respect will be 10 .Sincerely yours（）1. A. refer B. reference C. regards D. regarding （）2. A. regret B. regretted C. regretting D. regrettable （）3. A. inconvenience B. issues C. problem D. question（）4. A. made B. open C. ready D. produced（）5. A. regulation B. stipulation C. rule D. specification （）6. A. remain B. sell C. supply D. keep（）7. A. regard B. respect C. view D. term国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第5 页（共14页）（）8. A. not later than B. later than C. no more than D. none later than （）9. A. call B. reject C. refuse D. cancel（）10. A. grateful B. thankful C. appreciated D. obligedSection CDirections: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then write down the correct answer in the brackets for each question or statement. This section totals 20 points, two points for each question.Passage OneAs a manager, I rely a lot on e-mail; especially with two telecommuters on my staff. After seeing how e-mails have come back to haunt so many executives in court, I'm wondering what should one avoid e-mailing?I just read about a big Hollywood star who decided that he was going to seek a divorce from his spouse of 22 years. He didn't sit down to talk to her about this. He didn't even give her a call. Nope, he e-mailed her about it.Unfortunately, he's not the only one who has broken his vows through e-mail. Many of us have e-mailed someone over something that was far too important, far too nuanced, far too personal to e-mail. Below is a list of times not to hit send. For more, check out The Boss's Survival Guide by Rosner, Halcrow and Levins (McGraw Hill, 2000).Don't e-mail big stuff. Don't e-mail an announcement about a merger, acquisition, reorganization or downsizing. If it's a big deal then you need to tell your people face-to-face. Reading a major announcement in an e-mail isn't as bad as reading it for the first time in the newspaper, but it's close.Don't e-mail policy changes that will generate questions. Changes in sick leave or vacation time policies or benefits coverage will generate questions. As a general rule, anything that hits someone's wallet should be explained face-to-face.Stop e-mails that become a tennis match. We've all known e-mail debates that have volleyed back and forth more times than a tennis ball at Wimbledon. If an e-mail goes back国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第6 页（共14页）and forth more than three times — and especially if the distribution list gets bigger — that's a sure sign that the discussion is bigger than e-mail. Call a halt and bring people together to resolve the issue.Don't put anything confidential in e-mail. That includes: Salaries, comments about performance, etc.Don't put anything in e-mail that you don't want to see in the newspaper or hear in court. Now that organizations as diverse as Microsoft and the White House have found their internal e-mail printed in newspapers and read in court, you know that even "private" e-mail is not really private. Nor can it be easily deleted.Which leads to the big issue — are you hiding behind your e-mail? Some managers rely on e-mail in lieu of face-to-face conversation. It's especially tempting when people are off-site; such as telecommuters, vendors, or independent contractors. E-mail is more easily misinterpreted because it doesn't allow for give-and-take discussion and people aren't guided by facial expressions and vocal intonations. And the more dependent you are on e-mail, the more mysterious you become. Even the Wizard of Oz learned that being the man behind the curtain only gets you so far. Go down the hall, hang out in the lunchroom, or pick up the phone at least some of the time.Follow these tips and what you are trying to say won't get divorced from the way that you say it.（）1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?A. Even "private" e-mail is not really private.B. E-mails are more easily misinterpreted.C. “Private” emails cannot be easily deleted.D. No “private” emails can be really deleted.（）2. The fact that organizations as diverse as Microsoft and the White House have found their internal e-mail printed in newspapers and read in court indicatesthat .A. people should not use emails in their work.B. even "private" e-mail is not really private.C. emails have brought people too much trouble and inconvenience.国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第7 页（共14页）D. emails will lead to a lot of law suits.（）3. The expression “in lieu of” in the paragraph above the last means _____________.A. instead ofB. in line withC. in spite ofD. prior to（）4. According to the passage, all the following should be explained face-to-face except _______________.A. anything that hits someone's walletB. Changes in the time of conferencesC. changes in sick leaveD. changes in holiday time policies（）5. The best title for this passage would be_________________.A. The Importance of E-mail in BusinessB. The Popularity of E-mail in BusinessC. E-mail Always a Must in Business CommunicationD. E-mail Not Always the Best MessengerPassage TwoEconomic "globalization" is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. There are also broader cultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here.At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization. The term has come into common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that have made it easier and quicker to complete international transactions—both trade and financial flows. It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity—village markets, urban industries, or国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第8 页（共14页）financial centers.Markets promote efficiency through competition and the division of labor—the specialization that allows people and economies to focus on what they do best. Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world. It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. But markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all. Countries must be prepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case of the poorest countries may need the support of the international community as they do so.（）6. Globalization is .A. a novelty in recent years.B. mysterious as it hasn’t been well known by the majority of people.C. not new to peopleD. a historical event.（）7. Globalization refers toA. the increasing integration of economies around the worldB. the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) acrossinternational bordersC. an extension beyond national borders of the market forcesD. All of the above（）8. When did the term “globalization” first come into usage?A. since 1990sB. since the 1980sC. since 1970sD. since 2000s（）9. What are the benefits of globalization?A. increased efficiency of the marketB. cheaper importsC. larger marketsD. all of the above国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第9 页（共14页）（）10. Which of the following is not true?A. All the countries will share the same benefits from globalization.B Globalization makes it easier and quicker to complete international transactions.C. Countries must take active measures to embrace globalization.D. The benefits of increased efficiency will not be shared by all the countries.III．Business Translation: 20%（商务翻译，20分）Section ADirections: There are ten terms in this section. Translate the English terms into Chinese and the Chinese terms into English. Then write down the translation on the paper. This section totals 10 points, one point for each term.1.Certificate of Origin2.advising bank3.gunny bag4.documentary collection5.force majeure6.报价单7.装运单据 8.保险单9.条形码 10.选择港Section BDirections: Translate the following five Chinese sentences into English. Then write down the translation on the paper. This part totals 10 points, two points for each sentence.国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第10 页（共14页）1.我们希望在平等互利的基础上与你方建立贸易关系。