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Unit4 解透单元写作主题写作——自然灾害1.写作任务假设你是李华，你校邀请李教授来校做了有关地震防灾知识方面的讲座，请你写一封邮件，把讲座的情况告诉请假未听讲座的交换生Tom，要包括以下要点：①报告的时间、地点；②报告的内容；③你的看法。
注意：词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2.写作思路（1）一审：确定写作体裁、主题和结构体裁：应用文—电子邮件主题：介绍讲座内容第一段：交际用语一写信目的结构：三段第二段：介绍讲座详情（时间地点、内容）第三段：自己看法（2）二定：时态与人称人称：第一人称为主、第三人称为辅时态：一般过去时为主，一般现在时为辅（3）三明确明确写作要点：①讲座的时间、地点；②讲座内容（自救重要性的认识，自救技巧：原则、户内、户外）③感想：讲座的意义和我的看法（必须了解自救技巧）3.素材整理（1）关键词语an expert on something关于……的专家deliver a speech发表演说self-rescue（skills）自救（技巧）stay/keep calm保持镇定in the open air在露天，在户外In summary总之，总而言之（2）完成句子①李教授，著名地震学专家，给我们做了一个如何在地震中自救的讲座。
（同位语）Professor Li，a famous expert ______ ______, delivered a speech self-rescue in an earthquake.②从讲座中，我们意识到了知道在地震发生时如何做的重要性。
2019届浙江省新高考英语写作基础能力练习讲义必修一unit4part22018年浙江省新高考写作基础能力练习讲义必修一unit4 part2词汇讲解1.injurevt.损害，毁坏;伤害（名誉、自尊等）；（尤指事故中）伤害；伤害（感情，自尊心等）【近义词辨析】hurt v. 弄伤，伤害〔辨析〕普通用词，指肉体上受到伤害时，其程度弱于injure 和wound；也可指精神、感情方面受到伤害。
〔例证〕She didn't mean to hurt your feelings.她不是故意要伤害你的感情。
injure v. 使受伤，弄伤〔辨析〕比hurt 正式，主要指在意外事故中受伤。
〔例证〕Three workers were critically injured in an accident.在一次事故中，3名工人严重受伤。
wound v. 使受伤，伤害〔辨析〕指用刀、枪等伤害某人，也可指使人在精神上受到伤害。
〔例证〕The bullet wounded his shoulder.子弹击伤了他的肩膀。
You have wounded her pride.你伤害了她的自尊心。
2.survivorn.生还者;幸存者，残存者;遗物，残存物;重新正常生活的人【例句】I am a survivor, I am like a cockroach, you just can't get rid of me.我是个幸存者，我像一只蟑螂，你就是无法摆脱我。
【派生词】survive vi. 幸存，活下来 ~ (from sth) | ~ (on sth) |~ (as sth)生存；存活；继续存在vt. 幸存;比…活得长，经历…之后还存在vt.& vi. 幸免于难;挺过;艰难度过【例句】This is our last chance and we shall need to take it if we are to compete and survive.这是我们最后的机会，如果我们想要竞争并存活下来的话，就一定要抓住这次机会。
必修1 Unit 4 Natural DisastersPart 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句1. that可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。
不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。
如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）3. who, whom, whose（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。
译为：某人的，某物的（4）whose + 名词=the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)注意：① 关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用whom；表物用which)① 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。
）There are 30 students in this class,who are from the north of China.这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。
Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
姓名，年级：时间：Two big buseswith 89 passengershit each othernear the canal at11：00 pmyesterday, one ofwhich was nearly in ruins。
It shocked the wholenation. As is reported, 32 people lost theirlives and a number of people got injured, andsome of them were trapped in the other buswaiting for rescue。
Almost all people whosurvived got extreme suffering. On hearing thedisaster， the rescue team arrived at the spotright away to dig out survivors， most of themwere frightened to think of the frighteningevent。
Judging from the accident spot, it seemedas if one of the drivers had fallen asleep whendriving， which may be the major reason causingthe accident.昨晚11时两辆载有89名乘客的大客车在运河附近相撞,其中一辆车几乎全部撞毁.此事一发生即震惊全国。
据报道，32人死亡，另有多人受伤，其中部分人被困在另一辆车里等待救援。
几乎所有幸存下来的人都极度痛苦。
一听到灾难的消息,救援队立刻赶到现场搜救幸存者。
大部分人回想起这件可怕的事情都惊恐万分。
从事故现场判断,似乎是其中一位司机在驾驶中睡着了而导致了这场事故.加餐练（一) 完形阅读组合练Ⅰ.完形填空While I was in hospital for back surgery （手术) recently I was looked after bya nurse called Deitrich。
Earthquakes李仕才Unit 4 Earthquakes【高考试一试】请根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，就“乐观”这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。
Optimism always leads to happiness, health and success while pessimism, by contrast, results in hopelessness, sickness and failure. That’s because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways. 注意：1、无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；2、除诗歌之外，文体不限；3、内容必须结合生活中的一个事例；4、文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；5、词数为120左右。
___【参考范文】短文写作（满分30分）One possible versionOptimism is important in all aspects of our life. If you can change your mind from pessimism, you can change your life.Up to the beginning of Senior Grade Two, I did poorly in my English but I didn’t give in because I was always encouraged by both the people around me and myself.I kept practicing speaking, listening, reading and writing. When I was fed up with reading or writing, I usually entertained myself by reading some interesting English stories, jokes and humors or seeing English films. When I had some trouble in reciting or memorizing, I tried to amuse myself by playing word games or singing English songs. By this means, I always made myself cheerful and optimistic, full of splendid and colorful dreams of future. I kept practicing. Gradually, I made progress in myEnglish. .Thanks to the optimism, I have become one of the top students in my class by now.[话题单词]1．earthquake n. 地震2．tsunami n. 海啸3．explosion n. 爆炸4．emergency n. 紧急情况5．reaction n. 反应6．crash v. 撞毁7．panic v. 惊慌8．recover v. 复原9．threaten v. 威胁10．unite v. 团结；联合11．attack v. 攻击；袭击12．hit/strike v. 袭击；(灾难)突然发生13．hopeless adj. 无助的14．dramatically adv. 剧烈地15．suffering n. 痛苦；苦难【高考试一试】某英文报正就“智能手机的利与弊”这一话题进行讨论。
概要是一篇较长文章本质思想的简洁重述，它要求用尽量少的语言对原文的主旨进行复述。
概要不是简单的换句话说，更不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的准确再现。
1 .理解准确，涵盖全部要点；2.能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；3.完全使用自己的语言；4.有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使完成的概要结构紧凑。
概要写作的阅读材料词数一般为300左右。
写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。
概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
注意事项1.词数要限制在60词左右，上下不得超过10个单词。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。
英语概要写作的一般做题技巧1、整体把握全文为了更好的进行全文的一个概括以及更好的对全文的主旨有一定的把握，我们首先要做的一步就是要在整体上对文章有一个把握，从而可以更好的抽取有用的信息。
2、分出文章的主次、详略为了更好地找到文章的主次、详略之处，最重要的一点就是要学会阅读。
因此，在英语教学的过程中，英语老师要加强学生在阅读能力方面的培养，使其可以更好的分清文章主次详略要点。
3、整理大意，开始写作在进行了文章整体主旨把握，并对文章的主次详略要点进行了一定程度的分析后，在整理好文章的大致大意之后，就可以开始动笔写作了，这是最后也同样是最关键的一步。
因为，在最终成文的过程中，要特别注意对英语正确性的应用。
在写作时要特别注意下面几点：(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
(3)注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
2018年浙江省新高考写作基础能力练习讲义必修一unit4 part1词汇讲解1.burstvi.爆发;爆裂，炸破;使爆炸;充满，塞满vt.使爆炸;冲破，胀破;分帧，分页，分隔n.突发;爆裂;爆发;爆炸【动词短语】1).burst inburst into a room, building, etc.闯进；突然破门而入to enter a room or building suddenly and noisily2).burst in on sb/sth突然闯进而打断（或扰乱）to interrupt sb/sth by entering a place suddenly and noisily【例句】He burst in on the meeting.他闯进来打断了会议。
3).burst into sth突然爆发to start producing sth suddenly and with great force【例句】The aircraft crashed and burst into flames (= suddenly began to burn) .飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。
She burst into tears (= suddenly began to cry) .她突然大哭起来。
4).burst on/onto sth突然在…出现；突然显现to appear somewhere suddenly in a way that is very noticeable【例句】A major new talent has burst onto the literary scene .文坛突然冒出一位重要的新秀。
5).burst outA.突然激动地喊叫to speak suddenly, loudly and with strong feeling【例句】[+ speech] ‘For heavens' sake!’he burst out.“天哪！”他大叫一声。
B. +doing突然开始（做某事）to begin doing sth suddenly【例句】Karen burst out laughing .卡伦突然大笑起来。
2.eventn.事件，大事;活动，经历;结果;运动项目The report presents a faithful account of the event.这篇报告如实地记述了那次事件。
【近义词辨析】incident n. 事件〔辨析〕指小事件，也可指严重的、重要的或暴力的事件。
〔例证〕The incident made the listeners burst into laughter.这个小插曲使听众哄然大笑。
accident n. 事故；意外事件〔辨析〕指导致某人受伤或某物受损的事故，也可指并非有意造成的意外事件。
〔例证〕A traffic accident occurred this morning.今天早上发生了交通事故。
I'm sorry about knocking over your coffee cup - it was an accident.我很抱歉打翻了你的咖啡杯——这是个意外。
event n. 事件〔辨析〕尤指重要的事件或大事，也可指有意思或不寻常的事件。
〔例证〕The discovery of X-rays was a big event in the history of physics.X射线的发现是物理学史上的重大事件。
Getting married was one of the major events in his life.结婚是他一生中的大事之一。
occurrence n. 事件〔辨析〕指生活中发生的一般的或偶然的事件。
〔例证〕Traffic jams are a common occurrence in that area.那一地区常常堵车。
Extreme weather is a rare occurrence in that country.那个国家不常出现极端天气。
3.at an end到头;结束，终止，耗尽【例句】This latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now at an end.最近这次受伤毫无疑问意味着她的网球生涯现在结束了。
【end常用短语】the end of …的最后in the end 终于,最后at the end 最终,最后；在终点at the end of 在……尽头；在……结束时by the end of 到……结束时；到……时为止；在……之前be at an end 结束，终结without end 永远的，没有完结的put an end to sth. 结束某事no end of 无数的make an end of sth. 结束或除掉某事物in the end in最后，终于on end 不停地，连续地。
如：不停地，连续地; 竖立，竖着。
end up 结束，完事end to end 头并头，尾并尾，首尾衔接end in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事结束或告终come (draw) to an end 结束，完结nationnoun1 [C] 国家；民族a country considered as a group of people with the same language, culture and history, who live in a particular area under one government【例句】an independent nation独立的国家2 [sing.] 国民all the people in a country【同义词】 population【例句】The entire nation, it seemed, was watching TV.好像全国的人都在看电视。
【派生词】nationhood noun【例句】Citizenship is about the sense of nationhood.公民身份涉及国家意识。
【派生词】national adj. 国家的;国民的;国有的;民族主义的n. [常用复数]全国性比赛;某国国民;全国性报刊;（机构等的）全国总部【派生词】nationally【派生词】nationality n.国籍;民族性;国家;部落【例句】The crew are of different nationalities and have no common language.船员来自不同国家，语言不通。
【派生词】nationwide adj. 全国性的;全国范围的adv. 在全国范围内;就全国而论dirtn.泥土;污垢，污泥;下流想法;恶意中伤的话【例句】People think they can treat me like dirt!人们以为可以视我为草芥！I turned into the dirt road and followed it through encroaching trees and bushes.我转上土路，在蔓延至路面的树木和灌木间穿行。
【派生词】dirty adj. 肮脏的;恶劣的;卑劣的;下流的vt. 弄脏，污染;使名声受玷污vi. 变脏，污染【不规则形式】 dirtier, dirtiestruinvt.破坏，毁灭;使破产;使没落，使堕落;变成废墟n.毁灭，灭亡;废墟，遗迹;[灭亡]的原因，祸根;损失vi.破产;被毁灭;堕落【例句】We cannot ruin our reputation over a small sum of money.咱可不能为了点儿小钱儿就砸了自己的牌子sufferingn.受苦，遭难;苦楚，苦难;令人痛苦的事v.受苦(suffer的现在分词);蒙受adj.受苦的;患病的1.[U] 疼痛；痛苦；折磨；苦难physical or mental pain【例句】Death finally brought an end to her suffering.死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
This war has caused widespread human suffering.这场战争给许许多多的人带来了苦难。
2.sufferings[pl.] 痛苦；苦恼feelings of pain and unhappiness【例句】The hospice aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.临终关怀医院旨在减轻临终者的痛苦。
【派生词】suffer vi.受痛苦;受损害;变糟;变差vt.遭受;忍受;容忍;容许[V] ~ (from sth) | ~ (for sth)（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨【例句】There are few who have not suffered谁都会经受挫折。
词汇练习一、单词拼写1.Many theories have been advanced as to why some women _________ from depression2.I_________ my trousers when I step on the mud.3.The player and the team become the center of _________ media attention.4.His days as a carefree student were now __________.5.He almost ________ with pride when his son John began to excel at football6.Death and _________ had been visited on thousands of innocents.7.He asked people to tell him about a meaningful _________or period in their lives.8.Agriculture occupies an important place in the ________ economy.9.She stood there in the old coat and woollen cap, her face smudged with________ .10.This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ________.二、翻译练习练习一：根据所给中文提示填写空白处1.__________________________(门突然被推开)and an angry young nurse appeared.2.Suddenly the door opened and __________________________(闯进了一群孩子).3.They celebrated____________________________________(通过举行游行来庆祝这一事件), lighting bonfires and setting off fireworks.4.The event was __________________________(取得了极大成功).5.With this insult, _______________________________(我的忍耐到头了).6.It had gotten very cold, and I guessed ____________________________(好天气已经到头了).7.All countries_______________________(团结一致)under the banner of friendship.8.The whole nation _______________________(团结紧).9.They chased down the stairs into ________________________(狭窄、肮脏的街上).10.Entire villages have been washed away. __________________________________.(道路和桥梁都被破坏了，农作物也全毁了)。
