疏水键(Hydrophobic bonds )– weak, highly lipid soluble drugs, more selective.
1.5 药物的异构体
– 锁和钥匙关系(Lock and Key phenomenon for the drug and its receptor site)
来源:
1. 天然药物
2.半合成药物
3.化学合成药物
4. 生物技术(基因工程)药物。
1.2 药物的物理性质
– 固体药 -> oral route 阿司匹林(aspirin )
– 液体药物 -> oral route, IM, SC 乙醇( ethanol )
– 药物溶液 -> oral route, IM, SC , iV . – 挥发性药物 -> inhalation
亚硝酸异戊酯( amylnitrite) Many drugs are weak acids or bases pH differences in the body may alter the degree of ionization of drug
• 1.3 药物分子大小
Most drugs have molecular weights between 100 and 1,000 • 1.4 药物与受体结合力
• 1.6 药物设计和构效关系
– Drugs are designed based on the structure of the receptor site. Computers help us do this
构效关系(structure activity relationship)
药物结构相似,引起相似的作用(拟似药) 或相反的 作用(拮抗药)。 同一类药物的作用性质取决于其基本骨架结构,其侧 链的长短,则影响其作用的量(强弱、快慢、久 暂)。 如:巴比妥类 ;吗啡类;激素类 ;强心苷。